binlog的三种模式
statement模式
特点:
(1)此模式不支持RU,RC隔离级别;
(2)binglog日志文件中上一个事物的结束点是下一个事物的开始点;
(3)DML,DDL语句都会明文显示;
(4)对一些系统函数不能准确复制或者不能复制,如load_file()、uuid()、user()、found_rows()、sysdate(),注意(now()可以复制; )
(5)主库执行delete from t1 where c1=xxx limit 1,statement模式下,从库也会这么执行,可能导致删除的不是同一行数据
(6)主库有id=1和id=10两行数据,从库有id=1,2,3,10这四行数据,主库执行delete from t1 where id<10命令,从库删除过多数据;
什么场景会用到statement模式:
(1)一次更新大量数据,如二十万数据,否则在复制的时候,从库可能会追的太慢,导致延时;
(2)使用pt-table-checksum工具时会使用到statement模式;
例1:
set tx_isolation='repeatable-read';
set binlog_format='statement';
flush logs;
create table t10(c1 int,c2 varchar(50));
insert into t10 values(1,now());
insert into t10 values(2,now());
insert into t10 values(3,sysdate());
insert into t10 values(4,uuid());
update t10 set c2='bbb' where c1=1;
[root@Darren2 logs]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000022
......
create table t10(c1 int,c2 varchar(50))
BEGIN
;
# at 532
#170408 14:40:49 server id 330622 end_log_pos 649 CRC32 0xe5cfc853 Query thread_id=55 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1491633649; --先设置timestamp,从库复制的时候也会执行这条SQL,这就是now()函数为什么可以复制的原因
insert into t10 values(1,now())
insert into t10 values(2,now())
insert into t10 values(3,sysdate())
insert into t10 values(4,uuid())
;
# at 1550
#170408 14:40:49 server id 330622 end_log_pos 1581 CRC32 0x5aaa5377 Xid = 1755
COMMIT;
# at 1581
#170408 14:40:49 server id 330622 end_log_pos 1646 CRC32 0xc2da517f GTID last_committed=5 sequence_number=6
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '83373570-fe03-11e6-bb0a-000c29c1b8a9:11328';
# at 1646
#170408 14:40:49 server id 330622 end_log_pos 1729 CRC32 0x943df058 Query thread_id=55 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1491633649;
BEGIN
;
# at 1729
#170408 14:40:49 server id 330622 end_log_pos 1841 CRC32 0xb443cf1e Query thread_id=55 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1491633649;
update t10 set c2='bbb' where c1=1
;
# at 1841
#170408 14:40:49 server id 330622 end_log_pos 1872 CRC32 0xd06c40f5 Xid = 1756
COMMIT;
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' ;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
;
;
主库:
root@localhost [testdb]>select * from t10;
+------+--------------------------------------+
| c1 | c2 |
+------+--------------------------------------+
| 1 | bbb |
| 2 | 2017-04-08 14:40:49 |
| 3 | 2017-04-08 14:40:49 |
| 4 | 4d76efa5-1c26-11e7-bc58-000c29c1b8a9 |
+------+--------------------------------------+
从库:
root@localhost [testdb]>select * from t10;
+------+--------------------------------------+
| c1 | c2 |
+------+--------------------------------------+
| 1 | bbb |
| 2 | 2017-04-08 14:40:49 |
| 3 | 2017-04-14 13:12:19 |
| 4 | ef119323-20d0-11e7-aef6-000c29565380 |
+------+--------------------------------------+
可以发现,statument日志格式下,由于使用了一些函数导致主从数据不一致;
例2:
update这个事物的开始是insert这个事物结束的点at1581;
update结束的点是commit之后的点at1842;
[root@Darren2 logs]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=1581 --stop-position=1842 mysql-bin.000022;
......
BEGIN
;
# at 1729
#170408 14:40:49 server id 330622 end_log_pos 1841 CRC32 0xb443cf1e Query thread_id=55 exec_time=0 error_code=0
use `testdb`;
SET TIMESTAMP=1491633649;
update t10 set c2='bbb' where c1=1
;
# at 1841
#170408 14:40:49 server id 330622 end_log_pos 1872 CRC32 0xd06c40f5 Xid = 1756
COMMIT;
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' ;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
;
;
例3:
当查看commit之前的position点时,会看到rollback状态,说明这个截取的事物不完整:
[root@Darren2 logs]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=1581 --stop-position=1841 mysql-bin.000022;
BEGIN
;
# at 1729
#170408 14:40:49 server id 330622 end_log_pos 1841 CRC32 0xb443cf1e Query thread_id=55 exec_time=0 error_code=0
use `testdb`;
SET TIMESTAMP=1491633649;
update t10 set c2='bbb' where c1=1
;
ROLLBACK ;
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' ;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
;
;
row模式
(1)相对statement更加安全;
(2)在表有主键的情况下复制更加快;
(3)系统的特殊函数也能复制;
(4)更少的锁,只有行锁;
(5)binlog文件比较大,如单语句更新20万行数据,可能要半小时,也有可能把主库跑挂;
(6)无法从binog看见用户执行的SQL语句(mysql 5.6后通过设置binlog_rows_query_log_events=on,日志格式为row中的binlog日志中看到执行过得SQL语句。)
(7)5.7默认的日志模式为row;
(8)DDL语句明文显示,DML语句加密显示;
(9)DML经过base64加密,需要使用参数--base64-output=decode-rows --verbose;
(10)update修改的语句可以看到历史旧数据;
例1:
set tx_isolation='repeatable-read';
set binlog_format='row';
flush logs;
create table t10(c1 int,c2 varchar(50));
insert into t10 values(1,now());
insert into t10 values(2,now());
insert into t10 values(3,sysdate());
insert into t10 values(4,uuid());
update t10 set c2='bbb' where c1=1;
不加参数只能看到create,alter,drop等DDL语句:
mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000023
带参数查看:
[root@Darren2 logs]# mysqlbinlog -vv --base64-output=decode-rows mysql-bin.000023
......
create table t10(c1 int,c2 varchar(50))
### INSERT INTO `testdb`.`t10`
### SET
### @1=1
### @2='2017-04-08 15:11:41'
### INSERT INTO `testdb`.`t10`
### SET
### @1=2
### @2='2017-04-08 15:11:41'
### INSERT INTO `testdb`.`t10`
### SET
### @1=3
### @2='2017-04-08 15:11:41'
### INSERT INTO `testdb`.`t10`
### SET
### @1=4
### @2='9d96b424-1c2a-11e7-bc58-000c29c1b8a9'
### UPDATE `testdb`.`t10`
### WHERE
### @1=1
### @2='2017-04-08 15:11:41'
### SET
### @1=1
### @2='bbb'
例2:开启binlog_rows_query_log_events参数,会显示执行的SQL语句,这个参数默认关闭,不显示执行的SQL
root@localhost [testdb]>set binlog_rows_query_log_events=on;
[root@Darren2 logs]# mysqlbinlog -vv --base64-output=decode-rows mysql-bin.000024
......
create table t10(c1 int,c2 varchar(50))
# insert into t10 values(1,now())
### INSERT INTO `testdb`.`t10`
### SET
### @1=1
### @2='2017-04-08 15:26:09'
# insert into t10 values(2,now())
### INSERT INTO `testdb`.`t10`
### SET
### @1=2
### @2='2017-04-08 15:26:09'
# at 1033
# insert into t10 values(3,sysdate())
### INSERT INTO `testdb`.`t10`
### SET
### @1=3
### @2='2017-04-08 15:26:09'
# insert into t10 values(4,uuid())
### INSERT INTO `testdb`.`t10`
### SET
### @1=4
### @2='a2b570b8-1c2c-11e7-bc58-000c29c1b8a9'
# update t10 set c2='bbb' where c1=1
### UPDATE `testdb`.`t10`
### WHERE
### @1=1
### @2='2017-04-08 15:26:09'
### SET
### @1=1
### @2='bbb'
mixed模式
特点:
(1)innodb引擎,如果隔离级别是RU、RC,则mixed模式会转成Row模式存储;
(2)mixed模式下,在以下几种情况会自动将binlog的模式有SBR转化成RBR模式:
当更新一个NDB表时;
当函数包含uuid()函数时;
2个及以上包含auto_increment字段的表被更新时;
视图中必须要求使用RBR时,如创建视图时使用了uuid()函数;
例1:当隔离级别是read-committed时,mixed模式会转化成row模式存储:
set tx_isolation='read-committed';
set binlog_format='mixed';
flush logs;
create table t10(c1 int,c2 varchar(50));
insert into t10 values(1,now());
insert into t10 values(2,now());
insert into t10 values(3,sysdate());
insert into t10 values(4,uuid());
update t10 set c2='bbb' where c1=1;
[root@Darren2 logs]# mysqlbinlog -vv --base64-output=decode-rows mysql-bin.000028
......
### UPDATE `testdb`.`t10`
### WHERE
### @1=1
### @2='2017-04-08 18:34:08'
### SET
### @1=1
### @2='bbb'
......
例2:当隔离级别是repeatable-read时,mixed模式会转化成statement模式存储
set tx_isolation='repeatable-read';
set binlog_format='mixed';
flush logs;
create table t10(c1 int,c2 varchar(50));
insert into t10 values(1,now());
insert into t10 values(2,now());
insert into t10 values(3,sysdate());
insert into t10 values(4,uuid());
update t10 set c2='bbb' where c1=1;
[root@Darren2 logs]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000029
......
update t10 set c2='bbb' where c1=1
......