文章目录
1. 调整图像亮度和对比度的原理
通过设计一个映射曲线就可完成对比度、亮度调整,具体过程如下图所示,
a) 为原图;
b) 把亮度调高,像素强度+固定值;
c) 把亮度调低,像素强度-固定值;
d) 增大像素强度75附近的对比度;增大附近的斜率
e) 增大像素强度150附近的对比度;
f) 增大像素强度75和225附近的对比度。
曲线斜率大于45度角的区域灰度被拉伸、精度上升、对比度变高;
曲线斜率小于45度角的区域灰度被压缩、精度下降、对比度变低。
下面图像是 0-255 映射到 0-255, a原图,b原图加上一个数,c原图减去一个数,d在value=75处拉伸,e在value=150出拉伸,f在75和225出进行拉伸。拉伸操作可以提升该区域的对比度
2. python实现的一个代码如下,可以直接运行
首先减去均值,然后调整对比度(乘上大于1的系数进行拉伸),然后加上均值,最后调整亮度。
aa是拉伸系数,bb是亮度变化
img_a = aa * (img - bri_mean) + bb + bri_mean
import cv2import numpy as npfrom matplotlib import pyplot as pltif __name__ == "__main__": file = r'D:\dataset\data_gain1_2\cap_frame_0002_raw.png' img = cv2.imread(file).astype(np.float32) bri_mean = np.mean(img) a = np.arange(5, 16, 5) / 10 b = np.arange(-30, 31, 30) a_len = len(a) b_len = len(b) print(a_len, b_len) plt.figure() for i in range(a_len): for j in range(b_len): aa = a[i] bb = b[j] img_a = aa * (img-bri_mean) + bb + bri_mean print(i, j, aa, bb) img_a = np.clip(img_a,0,255).astype(np.uint8) plt.subplot(a_len+1, b_len, (j + b_len * i + 1)) plt.imshow(img_a, cmap='gray') plt.subplot(a_len + 1, b_len, a_len*b_len+1) plt.imshow(img.astype(np.uint8), cmap='gray') plt.show()
得到不同亮度和对比度的结果
3. 在opencv种调节图像和对比度的方法
可以参考下面链接的demo code:
opencv demo code
运行程序,对应直方图的变化:
原图
增加亮度,直方图向右平移
增加对比度, 直方图更加均衡
a. opencv中的实现方法:
首先认识 convertTo函数
image.convertTo(dst, CV_8U, a, b);
opencv里是这样得到 a,b系数的
opencv中时如何求 alpha和beta的?如下:
if (contrast > 0){ delta = 127. * contrast / 100; a = 255. / (255. - delta * 2); b = a * (brightness - delta);}else{ delta = -128. * contrast / 100; a = (256. - delta * 2) / 255.; b = a * brightness + delta;}
b. 根据咱们的公式,我们也可以得到自己的a,b系数,实现结果表明和opencv的方法具有类似的效果
img_a = aa * (img - bri_mean) + bb + bri_mean
bri_mean锚定为127的时候
img_a = aa * (img - 127) + bb + 127 = aa * img - 127*aa + bb + 127 = aa * img + (1-aa) * 127 + bb
opencv中_brightness 和 _contrast 的范围是 0-200, 等于100时不进行调整, 参考和运行下面的demo程序
a = _contrast / 100.0f;b = (1 - a) * 127 + _brightness - 100;
通过对比直方图的变化效果 可知上面两个方法 作用是类似的。
本来想找opencv的方法对应的原理链接,但是链接已经失效
c.两种方案的完整demo,c++实现:
#include "opencv2/core/utility.hpp"#include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"#include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"#include using namespace cv;using namespace std;int _brightness = 100;int _contrast = 100;Mat image;static void updateBrightnessContrast(int , void*){ int histSize = 64; int brightness = _brightness - 100; int contrast = _contrast - 100; double a, b; double delta=0; //opencv中的方法 if (contrast > 0) { delta = 127. * contrast / 100; a = 255. / (255. - delta * 2); b = a * (brightness - delta); } else { delta = -128. * contrast / 100; a = (256. - delta * 2) / 255.; b = a * brightness + delta; } //a = _contrast / 100.0f; //b = (1 - a) * 127 + _brightness - 100; //printf("ab value :%.4lf, %.4lf, %.4lf\n",delta, a, b); Mat dst, hist; image.convertTo(dst, CV_8U, a, b); imshow("image", dst); calcHist(&dst, 1, 0, Mat(), hist, 1, &histSize, 0); Mat histImage = Mat::ones(200, 320, CV_8U) * 255; normalize(hist, hist, 0, histImage.rows, NORM_MINMAX, CV_32F); histImage = Scalar::all(255); int binW = cvRound((double)histImage.cols / histSize); for (int i = 0; i < histSize; i++) rectangle(histImage, Point(i * binW, histImage.rows), Point((i + 1) * binW, histImage.rows - cvRound(hist.at<float>(i))), Scalar::all(0), -1, 8, 0); imshow("histogram", histImage);}const char* keys ={ "{help h||}{@image|baboon.jpg|input image file}"};int main(int argc, const char** argv){ CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, keys); parser.about("\nThis program demonstrates the use of calcHist() -- histogram creation.\n"); if (parser.has("help")) { parser.printMessage(); return 0; } string inputImage = parser.get<string>(0); // Load the source image. HighGUI use. image = imread(samples::findFile(inputImage), IMREAD_GRAYSCALE); if (image.empty()) { std::cerr << "Cannot read image file: " << inputImage << std::endl; return -1; } namedWindow("image", 0); namedWindow("histogram", 0); createTrackbar("brightness", "image", &_brightness, 200, updateBrightnessContrast); createTrackbar("contrast", "image", &_contrast, 200, updateBrightnessContrast); updateBrightnessContrast(0, 0); waitKey(); return 0;}
来源地址:https://blog.csdn.net/tywwwww/article/details/126626804