在 Azure CentOS VM 中配置 SQL Server 2019 AG - (上)

前文

• 假定您对Azure和SQL Server HA具有基础知识
• 假定您对Azure Cli具有基础知识
• 目标是在Azure Linux VM上创建一个具有三个副本的可用性组，并实现侦听器和Fencing配置

环境

• SQL Server 2019 Developer on Linux
• Azure VM Fencing agent
• Azure Cli实现部分配置
• CentOS 7.7 Azure VM，分别SQL19N1,SQL19N2,SQL19N3，位于同一VNet

步骤

• 为VM创建资源组和可用性集

# 中国东部2创建资源组
az group create --name SQL-DEMO-RG --location chinaeast2

# 创建用于VM人Availability Set，配置2个容错域，2个更新域
az vm availability-set create 
    --resource-group SQL-DEMO-RG 
    --name AGLinux-AvailabilitySet 
    --platform-fault-domain-count 2 
    --platform-update-domain-count 2

• 使用Template部署3台VM

第一次创建VM时，会生成template，然后下载保存下，修改其中的参数值后，就可以方便地创建配置类似的VM。VM的配置主要有：

• 使用前面的可用性集
• 使用同一个子网
• IP使用Standard
• SSH public key配置

模板和参数文件太长，就不展示了。可以在Azure Portal上自行获取。

# 如下是SQL19N2的配置，修改参数文件后，直接可以用于创建SQL19N3
templateFile="./templateFile"
paramFile="./vmParams-sql19n2.json"
az deployment group validate --name sql19n2vm 
     -g SQL-DEMO-RG --template-file $templateFile --parameters $paramFile

• 配置VM使用固定内网IP和公网DNS Label

三台VM都需要修改配置，如下只是一台的配置示例

# 找出nic和IP的信息
az network nic list -g SQL-DEMO-RG --query "[].{nicName:name,configuration:ipConfigurations[].{ipName:name,ip:privateIpAddress,method:privateIpAllocationMethod}}" -o yaml

# 修改privateIpAllocationMethod为Static
az network nic ip-config update -g SQL-DEMO-RG --nic-name sql19n1152 --name ipconfig1 --set privateIpAllocationMethod=Static

# 找出pbulic ip名称
az network public-ip list -g SQL-DEMO-RG --query "[].name" -o tsv

# 配置Public IP的DNS name,只能使用数据和小字字母
az network public-ip update -g SQL-DEMO-RG -n SQL19N1ip851 --dns-name sql19n1

• 安装HA相关软件包

最好先更新一下系统的软件包，再安装HA相关软件。

yum update -y
yum install -y pacemaker pcs fence-agents-all resource-agents fence-agents-azure-arm
reboot

• 为群集和SQL Server开放防火墙端口

# Pacemaker和Corosync的端口
# TCP: Ports 2224,3121,21064,5405
# UDP: Port 5405
firewall-cmd --add-port=2224/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-port=2224/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-port=21064/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-port=5405/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-port=5405/udp --permanent

# SQL Server端口和AG镜像端口
# TCP: 1433,5022
firewall-cmd --add-port=1433/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-port=5022/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

• 添加hosts记录

vi /etc/hosts
172.17.2.8      SQL19N1
172.17.2.9      SQL19N2
172.17.2.10     SQL19N3

• 创建Pacemaker群集

# 设置Pacemaker的默认用户密码，三台VM上
passwd hacluster

# 设置pacemaker和pcsd自启动在三台VM上
systemctl enable pcsd
systemctl start pcsd
systemctl enable pacemaker

# 创建群集,在master节点
sudo pcs cluster auth SQL19N1 SQL19N2 SQL19N3 -u hacluster 
sudo pcs cluster setup --name agcluster SQL19N1 SQL19N2 SQL19N3 --token 30000 --force
sudo pcs cluster start --all
sudo pcs cluster enable --all
# 查看群集状态
pcs status
# 在三个节点上修改quorum的expected-votes为3，其实三节点群集默认为3
# 设置表示，群集存活需要3票，这个修改只影响当前running群集，不会变成群集的永久性配置保存下来
pcs quorum expected-votes 3

• 在Azure上为Fencing Agent配置Servic Princinpal

# 1. 创建 aad app,成功后记录下相应的appID
 az ad app create --display-name sqldemorg-app --identifier-uris http://localhost  
 --password "1qaz@WSX3edc" --end-date "2030-04-27" --credential-description "sql19 ag secret"
 
# 2. 创建aad App的Service Principal
az ad sp create --id 

# 3. 将service Principal分配到VM对应的管理role,对每个VM都要执行
# 我这里分配的是Owner role,这不是安全的做法。应该使用自定义一个role，只给最小权限
# 自定义role需要Azure订阅是PP1或者PP2级别

az role assignment create --assignee  --role owner 
--scope /subscriptions//resourceGroups//providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/SQL19N1

• 创建Azure的STONITH 设备

我使用的是Azure China，所以需要指定cloud=china，如果使用global Azure不需要指定此参数。
执行 fence_azure_arm -h，查看此资源代理的更多帮助信息

pcs property set stonith-timeout=900
pcs stonith create rsc_st_azure fence_azure_arm login="" passwd="" resourceGroup="" tenantId="" subscriptionId="" power_timeout=240 pcmk_reboot_timeout=900 cloud=china

• 安装SQL 2019及工具

# 安装 SQL 2019和HA 资源代理
sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-server.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/mssql-server-2019.repo
sudo yum install -y mssql-server
sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup
sudo yum install mssql-server-ha

# 安装 mssql-tools
sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/msprod.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/prod.repo
sudo yum install -y mssql-tools unixODBC-devel
# 将mssql-tools目录加入到aPATH,方便使用
echo "export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"" >> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

# 安装 mssql-cli
sudo rpm --import https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc
sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-cli.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/prod.repo
sudo yum install mssql-cli

# 查看SQL 状态
systemctl status mssql-server

如果您熟悉 SQL Server相关的PowerShell，建议将PowerShell也安装上，并安装SQLServer module。对SQL Server的配置，使用PowerShell会方便很多

yum install powershell -y
pwsh
Install-Module SQLServer
# 查看SQL相关的命令
Get-Command -Module SQLServer

• 配置AG

• 创建PowerShell 函数方便后续执行T-SQL

# 打开PowerShell的 profile文件，如果不存在需要则需要创建
vi /root/.config/powershell/Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1

# 将如下函数加入 到 profile文件中，每次打开pwsh时就可以直接调用
# 函数有两个参数，$sql表示需要执行的T-SQL，最好使用here-string以避免字符转义问题
# $servers表示目标实例，数组类型。默认值为当前环境中的三个实例
function run-sql ($sql,$servers=("SQL19N1","SQL19N2","SQL19N3"))
{
        $secpasswd = "1qaz@WSX"|ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText -Force
        $cred=New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential -ArgumentList "sa", $secpasswd
        $sql
        "---------"
        foreach($svr in $servers) {"Running T-SQL on $svr..."; Invoke-Sqlcmd -ServerInstance $svr -Credential $cred -Query $sql}
}

---

• 启用 hadr功能，每个实例

sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf set hadr.hadrenabled 1
sudo systemctl restart mssql-server

• 启动AG extened event session

# T-SQL,每个实例
ALTER EVENT SESSION  AlwaysOn_health ON SERVER WITH (STARTUP_STATE=ON);
GO

• 在主副本实例上创建证书，这个证书用于验证Mirroring endpoint通信。将证书和私钥复制到其它节点上的相同的目录位置。授予mssql用户访问权限

CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = "1qaz@WSX";
GO
CREATE CERTIFICATE dbm_certificate WITH SUBJECT = "dbm";
GO
BACKUP CERTIFICATE dbm_certificate
   TO FILE = "/var/opt/mssql/data/dbm_certificate.cer"
   WITH PRIVATE KEY (
           FILE = "/var/opt/mssql/data/dbm_certificate.pvk",
           ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = "1qaz@WSX"
       );

# 复制证书和私钥到辅助副本主机SQL19N2和SQL19N3
cd /var/opt/mssql/data
scp dbm_certificate.* root@SQL19N2:/var/opt/mssql/data/
scp dbm_certificate.* root@SQL19N3:/var/opt/mssql/data/

# 辅助副本节点上修改权限
cd /var/opt/mssql/data
chown mssql:mssql dbm_certificate.*

• 在辅助副本实例中创建master key并导入证书

CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = "1qaz@WSX";
GO
CREATE CERTIFICATE dbm_certificate
    FROM FILE = "/var/opt/mssql/data/dbm_certificate.cer"
    WITH PRIVATE KEY (
    FILE = "/var/opt/mssql/data/dbm_certificate.pvk",
    DECRYPTION BY PASSWORD = "1qaz@WSX"
            );

• 创建AG的镜像端口，注意防火墙和NSG配置端口例外

CREATE ENDPOINT [Hadr_endpoint]
    AS TCP (LISTENER_PORT = 5022)
    FOR DATABASE_MIRRORING (
	    ROLE = ALL,
	    AUTHENTICATION = CERTIFICATE dbm_certificate,
		ENCRYPTION = REQUIRED ALGORITHM AES
		);
GO
ALTER ENDPOINT [Hadr_endpoint] STATE = STARTED;

• 创建三个副本，同步模式的AG，主副本实例上执行

CREATE AVAILABILITY GROUP [ag1]
     WITH (DB_FAILOVER = ON, CLUSTER_TYPE = EXTERNAL)
     FOR REPLICA ON
         N"SQL19N1" 
 	      	WITH (
  	       ENDPOINT_URL = N"tcp://SQL19N1:5022",
  	       AVAILABILITY_MODE = SYNCHRONOUS_COMMIT,
  	       FAILOVER_MODE = EXTERNAL,
  	       SEEDING_MODE = AUTOMATIC,
  	       SECONDARY_ROLE(ALLOW_CONNECTIONS = ALL)
  	       ),
         N"SQL19N2" 
  	    WITH ( 
  	       ENDPOINT_URL = N"tcp://SQL19N2:5022", 
  	       AVAILABILITY_MODE = SYNCHRONOUS_COMMIT,
  	       FAILOVER_MODE = EXTERNAL,
  	       SEEDING_MODE = AUTOMATIC,
  	       SECONDARY_ROLE(ALLOW_CONNECTIONS = ALL)
  	       ),
  	   N"SQL19N3"
         WITH( 
  	      ENDPOINT_URL = N"tcp://SQL19N3:5022", 
  	      AVAILABILITY_MODE = SYNCHRONOUS_COMMIT,
  	      FAILOVER_MODE = EXTERNAL,
  	      SEEDING_MODE = AUTOMATIC,
  	      SECONDARY_ROLE(ALLOW_CONNECTIONS = ALL)
  	      );
GO
ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [ag1] GRANT CREATE ANY DATABASE;
GO

• 为Pacemaker创建sql登录并授权,每个实例

USE [master]
GO
CREATE LOGIN [pacemakerLogin] with PASSWORD= N"1qaz@WSX"
go
ALTER SERVER ROLE [sysadmin] ADD MEMBER [pacemakerLogin];
GO

• 将pacemaker的login信息保存到本地文件

echo "pacemakerLogin" >> /var/opt/mssql/secrets/passwd
echo "1qaz@WSX" >> /var/opt/mssql/secrets/passwd

# 只允许root读取
chown root:root /var/opt/mssql/secrets/passwd
chmod 400 /var/opt/mssql/secrets/passwd

• 将辅助副本加入到AG, 辅助副本执行

ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [ag1] JOIN WITH (CLUSTER_TYPE = EXTERNAL);
GO
# auto_seeding功能需要的权限
ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [ag1] GRANT CREATE ANY DATABASE;
GO

• 如果您不希望pacemakerLogin具有sysadmin的权限，可以将之从sysadmin中移除，并授予如下权限。每个实例

ALTER SERVER ROLE [sysadmin] DROP MEMBER [pacemakerLogin]
GO
GRANT ALTER, CONTROL, VIEW DEFINITION ON AVAILABILITY GROUP::ag1 TO pacemakerLogin;
GO
GRANT VIEW SERVER STATE TO pacemakerLogin;
GO

• 添加数据库到AG,主副本执行

CREATE DATABASE [db1];
GO
ALTER DATABASE [db1] SET RECOVERY FULL;
GO
BACKUP DATABASE [db1]
   TO DISK = N"nul";
GO
ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [ag1] ADD DATABASE [db1];
GO

• 可用性数据库状态

SELECT * FROM sys.databases WHERE name = "db1";
GO
SELECT DB_NAME(database_id) AS "database", synchronization_state_desc FROM sys.dm_hadr_database_replica_states;

• 在Pacemaker群集中配置AG

---

• 创建AG资源，ag_name要指定为之前创建AG名称

pcs resource create agcluster ocf:mssql:ag ag_name=ag1 meta failure-timeout=30s master notify=true

• 创建虚拟IP资源

# 禁用fencing
pcs property set stonith-enabled=false

# 创建VIP
pcs resource create virtualip ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr2 ip=172.17.2.7

• 创建 colacation constraint，vip和master必需在同一个节点上启动

pcs constraint colocation add virtualip agcluster-master INFINITY with-rsc-role=Master

• 创建 ordering constraint，vip要先于master副本资源启动

pcs constraint order promote agcluster-master then start virtualip

# 查看当前的约束
pcs constraint show --full

• 重新启用STONITH并查看群集状态

pcs property set stonith-enabled=true
pcs status
# 我的环境中的状态信息
---------------------------------------
Cluster name: agcluster
Stack: corosync
Current DC: SQL19N3 (version 1.1.20-5.el7_7.2-3c4c782f70) - partition with quorum
Last updated: Wed Apr 29 04:24:50 2020
Last change: Wed Apr 29 04:24:45 2020 by root via cibadmin on SQL19N1

3 nodes configured
5 resources configured

Online: [ SQL19N1 SQL19N2 SQL19N3 ]

Full list of resources:

 rsc_st_azure   (stonith:fence_azure_arm):      Started SQL19N1
 Master/Slave Set: agcluster-master [agcluster]
     Masters: [ SQL19N1 ]
     Slaves: [ SQL19N2 SQL19N3 ]
 virtualip      (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2):       Started SQL19N1

Daemon Status:
  corosync: active/enabled
  pacemaker: active/enabled
  pcsd: active/enabled

• 测试Failover和Fencing

# 手动failover
pcs resource move agcluster-master SQL19N2 --master
pcs status

# 手动 failover会生成一个constraint，避免AG资源再回到原来的节点
# 如果希望AG后续还能 failover回来，需要手动删除之
pcs constraint show --full
pcs constraint remove cli-prefer-agcluster-master

# 尝试Fencing群集节点，每个节点都试一下
# 如下命令的fencing只是重启node,如果要安全关闭node，使用--off参数
pcs stonith fence SQL19N3 --debug