《DBA入门、进阶与诊断案例》中2.3.1章节的案例进行模拟
[oracle@021Y-SH-BKAP dbs]$ vi initorcl.ora
orcl.__db_cache_size=2885681152
orcl.__java_pool_size=67108864
orcl.__large_pool_size=67108864
orcl.__oracle_base='/DBBK/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=2684354560
orcl.__sga_target=4026531840
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=939524096
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/DBBK/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/DBBK/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/DBBK/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl','/DBBK/oracle/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_cache_size=25165824
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/DBBK/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032
*.diagnostic_dest='/DBBK/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.fast_start_mttr_target=180
*.memory_target=6689914880
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'我修改了pfile中的undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'参数值，重新以加载pfile文件的方式启动数据库。
SQL> startup pfile='/DBBK/oracle/product/11.2.0.1.0/dbs/initorcl.ora'
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 6680915968 bytes
Fixed Size 2213936 bytes
Variable Size 3758098384 bytes
Database Buffers 2885681152 bytes
Redo Buffers 34922496 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced
ORA-30012: undo tablespace 'UNDOTBS2' does not exist or of wrong type
Process ID: 11428
Session ID: 96 Serial number: 3查看alter_<sid_name>.log中的记录发现如下报错：
Errors in file /DBBK/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_11428.trc:
ORA-30012: undo tablespace 'UNDOTBS2' does not exist or of wrong type
Errors in file /DBBK/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_11428.trc:
ORA-30012: undo tablespace 'UNDOTBS2' does not exist or of wrong type
Error 30012 happened during db open, shutting down database
USER (ospid: 11428): terminating the instance due to error 30012
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 11428
ORA-1092 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN...
opiodr aborting process unknown ospid (11428) as a result of ORA-1092
Tue Jan 27 17:43:33 2015
ORA-1092 : opitsk aborting process查看ORA报错信息的解释
[oracle@021Y-SH-BKAP dbs]$ oerr ora 30012
30012, 00000, "undo tablespace '%s' does not exist or of wrong type"
// *Cause: the specified undo tablespace does not exist or of the
// wrong type.
// *Action: Correct the tablespace name and reissue the statement.[oracle@021Y-SH-BKAP dbs]$ oerr ora 1092
01092, 00000, "ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced"
// *Cause: The instance this process was connected to was terminated
// abnormally, probably via a shutdown abort. This process
// was forced to disconnect from the instance.
// *Action: Examine the alert log for more details. When the instance has been
// restarted, retry action.检查UNDO控件是否存在：
cd $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/orcl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104865792 Jan 27 17:43 undotbs01.dbf启动数据库都mount状态
SQL> startup mount pfile='/DBBK/oracle/product/11.2.0.1.0/dbs/initorcl.ora';
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 6680915968 bytes
Fixed Size 2213936 bytes
Variable Size 3758098384 bytes
Database Buffers 2885681152 bytes
Redo Buffers 34922496 bytes
Database mounted.查看启动参数，发现数据库mount的是UNDOTBS2
SQL> show parameter undo_tablespace
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
undo_tablespace string UNDOTBS2
SQL> show parameter pfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
spfile string那么这里可以确定，因为我启动的时候没有使用SPFILE，或者另一种情况SPFILE中的参数值被我不小心改错了。导致启动时候加载错误而参数的报错。
