写这个主要是为了自己理解Twisted的文档
建立一个finger服务
你不需要调用Twisted,Twisted会自己运行。reactor是Twisted的主循环,想python的其他主循环一样。每个Twisted只有一个reactor。一旦启动他就会不停的运行下去,响应一个又一个请求。
from twisted.internet import reactor返回当前的reactor。如果你不选择一个reactor的话,它会默认选择。
1 from twisted.internet import protocol, reactor, endpoints
2
3 class FingerProtocol(protocol.Protocol):
4 pass
5
6 class FingerFactory(protocol.ServerFactory):
7 protocol = FingerProtocol
8
9 fingerEndpoint = endpoints.serverFromString(reactor, "tcp:1079")
10 fingerEndpoint.listen(FingerFactory())
11 reactor.run()
这个流程看过前两章的应该很熟悉了,先创建协议,再创建工厂,然后主循环。
1 from twisted.internet import protocol, reactor, endpoints
2
3 class FingerProtocol(protocol.Protocol):
4 def connectionMade(self):
5 self.transport.loseConnection()
6
7 class FingerFactory(protocol.ServerFactory):
8 protocol = FingerProtocol
9
10 fingerEndpoint = endpoints.serverFromString(reactor, "tcp:1079")
11 fingerEndpoint.listen(FingerFactory())
12 reactor.run()
这个是增加了一个连接之后的初始化配置
1 from twisted.internet import protocol, reactor, endpoints
2 from twisted.protocols import basic
3
4 class FingerProtocol(basic.LineReceiver):
5 def lineReceived(self, user):
6 self.transport.loseConnection()
7
8 class FingerFactory(protocol.ServerFactory):
9 protocol = FingerProtocol
10
11 fingerEndpoint = endpoints.serverFromString(reactor, "tcp:1079")
12 fingerEndpoint.listen(FingerFactory())
13 reactor.run()
这个是按行读取数据,就是按照你的\r\n读取数据,之后关闭连接
写一个读取用户名,返回错误,断开连接的finger
1 from twisted.internet import protocol, reactor, endpoints
2 from twisted.protocols import basic
3
4 class FingerProtocol(basic.LineReceiver):
5 def lineReceived(self, user):
6 self.transport.write(b"No such user\r\n")
7 self.transport.loseConnection()
8
9 class FingerFactory(protocol.ServerFactory):
10 protocol = FingerProtocol
11
12 fingerEndpoint = endpoints.serverFromString(reactor, "tcp:1079")
13 fingerEndpoint.listen(FingerFactory())
14 reactor.run()
这个就是按行读取,返回一句话,之后关闭连接
1 from twisted.internet import protocol, reactor, endpoints
2 from twisted.protocols import basic
3
4 class FingerProtocol(basic.LineReceiver):
5 def lineReceived(self, user):
6 self.transport.write(self.factory.getUser(user)+ b"\r\n")
7 self.transport.loseConnection()
8
9 class FingerFactory(protocol.ServerFactory):
10 protocol = FingerProtocol
11
12 def getUser(self, user):
13 return b"No such user"
14
15 fingerEndpoint = endpoints.serverFromString(reactor, "tcp:1079")
16 fingerEndpoint.listen(FingerFactory())
17 reactor.run()
增加获取用户名的函数
在协议之中调用工厂方法,可以用self.factory,这个就是指向工厂的,因为工厂类实际上是它的父类。
1 from twisted.internet import protocol, reactor, endpoints
2 from twisted.protocols import basic
3
4 class FingerProtocol(basic.LineReceiver):
5 def lineReceived(self, user):
6 self.transport.write(self.factory.getUser(user) + b"\r\n")
7 self.transport.loseConnection()
8
9 class FingerFactory(protocol.ServerFactory):
10 protocol = FingerProtocol
11
12 def __init__(self, users):
13 self.users = users
14
15 def getUser(self, user):
16 return self.users.get(user, b"No such user")
17
18 fingerEndpoint = endpoints.serverFromString(reactor, "tcp:1079")
19 fingerEndpoint.listen(FingerFactory({ b'moshez' : b'Happy and well'}))
20 reactor.run()
初始化一个字典,如果你输入的用户名没有在字典里边,就会返回默认值。
Defereds
1 from twisted.internet import protocol, reactor, defer, endpoints
2 from twisted.protocols import basic
3
4 class FingerProtocol(basic.LineReceiver):
5 def lineReceived(self, user):
6 d = self.factory.getUser(user)
7
8 def onError(err):
9 return 'Internal error in server'
10 d.addErrback(onError)
11
12 def writeResponse(message):
13 self.transport.write(message + b'\r\n')
14 self.transport.loseConnection()
15 d.addCallback(writeResponse)
16
17 class FingerFactory(protocol.ServerFactory):
18 protocol = FingerProtocol
19
20 def __init__(self, users):
21 self.users = users
22
23 def getUser(self, user):
24 return defer.succeed(self.users.get(user, b"No such user"))
25
26 fingerEndpoint = endpoints.serverFromString(reactor, "tcp:1079")
27 fingerEndpoint.listen(FingerFactory({b'moshez': b'Happy and well'}))
28 reactor.run()
在这个里边,我么使用了defer,其实也就仅仅修改了getUser方法。Defereds循序由事件驱动程序,也就是说,如果程序中的一个任务正在等待数据,程序可以去执行其他操作,这叫做异步执行。
上边的代码测试了一下,是按照队列执行的,就是说两个客户端发送数据,如果第一个客户端设置延迟返回5秒,那么之后5秒后,第二个客户端才会被响应。
解释一下deferred:
大家可以去看
https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangjing0502/archive/2012/05/16/2504415.html 作者:很多不懂呀。。
Twisted
1 from twisted.application import service, strports
2 from twisted.internet import protocol, reactor, defer
3 from twisted.protocols import basic
4
5 class FingerProtocol(basic.LineReceiver):
6 def lineReceived(self, user):
7 d = self.factory.getUser(user)
8
9 def onError(err):
10 return 'Internal error in server'
11 d.addErrback(onError)
12
13 def writeResponse(message):
14 self.transport.write(message + b'\r\n')
15 self.transport.loseConnection()
16 d.addCallback(writeResponse)
17
18 class FingerFactory(protocol.ServerFactory):
19 protocol = FingerProtocol
20
21 def __init__(self, users):
22 self.users = users
23
24 def getUser(self, user):
25 return defer.succeed(self.users.get(user, b"No such user"))
26
27 application = service.Application('finger', uid=1, gid=1)
28 factory = FingerFactory({b'moshez': b'Happy and well'})
29 strports.service("tcp:79", factory, reactor=reactor).setServiceParent(
30 service.IServiceCollection(application))
可能你已经发现了,我们的协议类从上边开始就没变过,事实上,以后也很少会变了,主要是在工厂里更改。
这个例子是告诉twisted您的应用程序在哪里,使用的是application
from twisted.application import service,strports
在这里我们没有再使用serverFormString来设置地址端口,我们用了他的应用程序来启动,strports.service。注意,当它被实例化的时候,这个程序对象不会引用协议和工厂!
任何把application当做父对象的服务将会在twisted启动的时候被启动。总之,他就是来管理启动服务和关闭服务的。