1. JSON概述
JSON: JavaScript 对象表示法( JavaScript Object Notation) 。是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。 它基于ECMAScript的一个子集。许多编程语言都很容易找到JSON 解析器和 JSON 库。 JSON 文本格式在语法上与创建 JavaScript 对象的代码相同。不同语言的不同json库对json标准的支持不尽相同,为了能让尽可能多的json库都能正常解析和生成json,定义JSON的规范很重要,推荐一个JSON规范《JSON风格指南》。
2. 常用C&C++ JSON库
常用且知名度较高的C&C++的JSON库有cJSON、json-c、JsonCpp等,腾讯员工开源的一个RapidJSON以高性能著称。C&C++的JSON库比较见RapidJSON作者的比较nativejson-benchmark。
3. 非常简单易用的CJsonObject
CJsonObject是基于cJSON全新开发一个C++版的JSON库,CJsonObject的最大优势是轻量(只有4个文件,拷贝到自己代码里即可,无须编译成库,且跨平台和编译器)、简单好用,开发效率极高,对多层嵌套json的读取和生成使用非常简单(大部分json解析库如果要访问多层嵌套json的最里层非常麻烦)。我一直使用的json库是一个较老版本的cJSON,cJSON的好处是简单易用,而且只有两个文件,直接复制到自己的代码中就可以用。cJSON也有一个非常容易让初用者头痛的地方,一不小心就造成内存泄漏了。为此,我基于cJSON封装了一个C++版的CJsonObject,该库比cJSON更简单易用,且只要不是有意不释放内存就不会发生内存泄漏。用CJsonObject的好处在于完全不用文档,看完Demo马上就会用,不明白的看一下头文件就知道,所有函数都十分通俗易懂,最为关键的一点是解析JSON和生成JSON的编码效率非常高。当然,毕竟是经过cJSON封装而来,效率会略低于cJSON,cJSON不支持的CJsonObject也不支持。个人认为,既然已经选了json,那一点点的解析性能差异就不重要了,如果追求性能可以选protobuf。CJsonObject在我最近5年做过的8个项目中广泛应用。CJsonObject非常简单易用,且表现稳定,2018年5月我把它开源https://github.com/Bwar/CJsonObject,并将持续维护。
来看看CJsonObject是如何简单易用:
demo.cpp:
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include "../CJsonObject.hpp"
int main()
{
int iValue;
std::string strValue;
neb::CJsonObject oJson("{\"refresh_interval\":60,"
"\"dynamic_loading\":["
"{"
"\"so_path\":\"plugins/User.so\", \"load\":false, \"version\":1,"
"\"cmd\":["
"{\"cmd\":2001, \"class\":\"neb::CmdUserLogin\"},"
"{\"cmd\":2003, \"class\":\"neb::CmdUserLogout\"}"
"],"
"\"module\":["
"{\"path\":\"im/user/login\", \"class\":\"neb::ModuleLogin\"},"
"{\"path\":\"im/user/logout\", \"class\":\"neb::ModuleLogout\"}"
"]"
"},"
"{"
"\"so_path\":\"plugins/ChatMsg.so\", \"load\":false, \"version\":1,"
"\"cmd\":["
"{\"cmd\":2001, \"class\":\"neb::CmdChat\"}"
"],"
"\"module\":[]"
"}"
"]"
"}");
std::cout << oJson.ToString() << std::endl;
std::cout << "-------------------------------------------------------------------" << std::endl;
std::cout << oJson["dynamic_loading"][0]["cmd"][1]("class") << std::endl;
oJson["dynamic_loading"][0]["cmd"][0].Get("cmd", iValue);
std::cout << "iValue = " << iValue << std::endl;
oJson["dynamic_loading"][0]["module"][0].Get("path", strValue);
std::cout << "strValue = " << strValue << std::endl;
std::cout << "-------------------------------------------------------------------" << std::endl;
oJson.AddEmptySubObject("depend");
oJson["depend"].Add("nebula", "https://github.com/Bwar/Nebula");
oJson["depend"].AddEmptySubArray("bootstrap");
oJson["depend"]["bootstrap"].Add("BEACON");
oJson["depend"]["bootstrap"].Add("LOGIC");
oJson["depend"]["bootstrap"].Add("LOGGER");
oJson["depend"]["bootstrap"].Add("INTERFACE");
oJson["depend"]["bootstrap"].Add("ACCESS");
std::cout << oJson.ToString() << std::endl;
std::cout << "-------------------------------------------------------------------" << std::endl;
std::cout << oJson.ToFormattedString() << std::endl;
}
Demo执行结果:
[bwar@nebula demo]$ ./CJsonObjectTest
{"refresh_interval":60,"dynamic_loading":[{"so_path":"plugins/User.so","load":false,"version":1,"cmd":[{"cmd":2001,"class":"neb::CmdUserLogin"},{"cmd":2003,"class":"neb::CmdUserLogout"}],"module":[{"path":"im/user/login","class":"neb::ModuleLogin"},{"path":"im/user/logout","class":"neb::ModuleLogout"}]},{"so_path":"plugins/ChatMsg.so","load":false,"version":1,"cmd":[{"cmd":2001,"class":"neb::CmdChat"}],"module":[]}]}
-------------------------------------------------------------------
neb::CmdUserLogout
iValue = 2001
strValue = im/user/login
-------------------------------------------------------------------
{"refresh_interval":60,"dynamic_loading":[{"so_path":"plugins/User.so","load":false,"version":1,"cmd":[{"cmd":2001,"class":"neb::CmdUserLogin"},{"cmd":2003,"class":"neb::CmdUserLogout"}],"module":[{"path":"im/user/login","class":"neb::ModuleLogin"},{"path":"im/user/logout","class":"neb::ModuleLogout"}]},{"so_path":"plugins/ChatMsg.so","load":false,"version":1,"cmd":[{"cmd":2001,"class":"neb::CmdChat"}],"module":[]}],"depend":{"nebula":"https://github.com/Bwar/Nebula","bootstrap":["BEACON","LOGIC","LOGGER","INTERFACE","ACCESS"]}}
-------------------------------------------------------------------
{
"refresh_interval": 60,
"dynamic_loading": [{
"so_path": "plugins/User.so",
"load": false,
"version": 1,
"cmd": [{
"cmd": 2001,
"class": "neb::CmdUserLogin"
}, {
"cmd": 2003,
"class": "neb::CmdUserLogout"
}],
"module": [{
"path": "im/user/login",
"class": "neb::ModuleLogin"
}, {
"path": "im/user/logout",
"class": "neb::ModuleLogout"
}]
}, {
"so_path": "plugins/ChatMsg.so",
"load": false,
"version": 1,
"cmd": [{
"cmd": 2001,
"class": "neb::CmdChat"
}],
"module": []
}],
"depend": {
"nebula": "https://github.com/Bwar/Nebula",
"bootstrap": ["BEACON", "LOGIC", "LOGGER", "INTERFACE", "ACCESS"]
}
}
再来看看头文件,一看就知道如何使用:
#ifndef CJSONOBJECT_HPP_
#define CJSONOBJECT_HPP_
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include "cJSON.h"
namespace neb
{
class CJsonObject
{
public: // method of ordinary json object or json array
CJsonObject();
CJsonObject(const std::string& strJson);
CJsonObject(const CJsonObject* pJsonObject);
CJsonObject(const CJsonObject& oJsonObject);
virtual ~CJsonObject();
CJsonObject& operator=(const CJsonObject& oJsonObject);
bool operator==(const CJsonObject& oJsonObject) const;
bool Parse(const std::string& strJson);
void Clear();
bool IsEmpty() const;
bool IsArray() const;
std::string ToString() const;
std::string ToFormattedString() const;
const std::string& GetErrMsg() const
{
return(m_strErrMsg);
}
public: // method of ordinary json object
bool AddEmptySubObject(const std::string& strKey);
bool AddEmptySubArray(const std::string& strKey);
CJsonObject& operator[](const std::string& strKey);
std::string operator()(const std::string& strKey) const;
bool Get(const std::string& strKey, CJsonObject& oJsonObject) const;
bool Get(const std::string& strKey, std::string& strValue) const;
bool Get(const std::string& strKey, int32& iValue) const;
bool Get(const std::string& strKey, uint32& uiValue) const;
bool Get(const std::string& strKey, int64& llValue) const;
bool Get(const std::string& strKey, uint64& ullValue) const;
bool Get(const std::string& strKey, bool& bValue) const;
bool Get(const std::string& strKey, float& fValue) const;
bool Get(const std::string& strKey, double& dValue) const;
bool Add(const std::string& strKey, const CJsonObject& oJsonObject);
bool Add(const std::string& strKey, const std::string& strValue);
bool Add(const std::string& strKey, int32 iValue);
bool Add(const std::string& strKey, uint32 uiValue);
bool Add(const std::string& strKey, int64 llValue);
bool Add(const std::string& strKey, uint64 ullValue);
bool Add(const std::string& strKey, bool bValue, bool bValueAgain);
bool Add(const std::string& strKey, float fValue);
bool Add(const std::string& strKey, double dValue);
bool Delete(const std::string& strKey);
bool Replace(const std::string& strKey, const CJsonObject& oJsonObject);
bool Replace(const std::string& strKey, const std::string& strValue);
bool Replace(const std::string& strKey, int32 iValue);
bool Replace(const std::string& strKey, uint32 uiValue);
bool Replace(const std::string& strKey, int64 llValue);
bool Replace(const std::string& strKey, uint64 ullValue);
bool Replace(const std::string& strKey, bool bValue, bool bValueAgain);
bool Replace(const std::string& strKey, float fValue);
bool Replace(const std::string& strKey, double dValue);
public: // method of json array
int GetArraySize();
CJsonObject& operator[](unsigned int uiWhich);
std::string operator()(unsigned int uiWhich) const;
bool Get(int iWhich, CJsonObject& oJsonObject) const;
bool Get(int iWhich, std::string& strValue) const;
bool Get(int iWhich, int32& iValue) const;
bool Get(int iWhich, uint32& uiValue) const;
bool Get(int iWhich, int64& llValue) const;
bool Get(int iWhich, uint64& ullValue) const;
bool Get(int iWhich, bool& bValue) const;
bool Get(int iWhich, float& fValue) const;
bool Get(int iWhich, double& dValue) const;
bool Add(const CJsonObject& oJsonObject);
bool Add(const std::string& strValue);
bool Add(int32 iValue);
bool Add(uint32 uiValue);
bool Add(int64 llValue);
bool Add(uint64 ullValue);
bool Add(int iAnywhere, bool bValue);
bool Add(float fValue);
bool Add(double dValue);
bool AddAsFirst(const CJsonObject& oJsonObject);
bool AddAsFirst(const std::string& strValue);
bool AddAsFirst(int32 iValue);
bool AddAsFirst(uint32 uiValue);
bool AddAsFirst(int64 llValue);
bool AddAsFirst(uint64 ullValue);
bool AddAsFirst(int iAnywhere, bool bValue);
bool AddAsFirst(float fValue);
bool AddAsFirst(double dValue);
bool Delete(int iWhich);
bool Replace(int iWhich, const CJsonObject& oJsonObject);
bool Replace(int iWhich, const std::string& strValue);
bool Replace(int iWhich, int32 iValue);
bool Replace(int iWhich, uint32 uiValue);
bool Replace(int iWhich, int64 llValue);
bool Replace(int iWhich, uint64 ullValue);
bool Replace(int iWhich, bool bValue, bool bValueAgain);
bool Replace(int iWhich, float fValue);
bool Replace(int iWhich, double dValue);
private:
CJsonObject(cJSON* pJsonData);
private:
cJSON* m_pJsonData;
cJSON* m_pExternJsonDataRef;
std::string m_strErrMsg;
std::map<unsigned int, CJsonObject*> m_mapJsonArrayRef;
std::map<std::string, CJsonObject*> m_mapJsonObjectRef;
};
}
#endif
如果觉得CJsonObject不错,别忘了给个star,谢谢。
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