树形结构数据在开发中十分常见,比如:菜单数、组织树, 利用 MyBatis 提供嵌套查询功能可以很方便地实现这个功能需求。而其具体地实现方法又有两种,下面分别通过样例进行演示。
方法一:使用嵌套结果集实现
1,准备工作
(1)假设我们有如下一张菜单表 menu,其中子菜单通过 parendId 与父菜单的 id 进行关联:
(2)对应的实体类如下:
@Setter
@Getter
public class Menu {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private List<Menu> children;
}
2,实现代码
(1)假设目前菜单只有两级,MyBatis 语句如下。其原理是通过关联查询,一次性将数据查询出来,然后根据 resultMap 的配置进行转换,构建目标实体类。
优点:只由于该方法需要访问一次数据库就可以了,不会造成严重的数据库访问消耗。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.example.demo.mapper.MenuMapper">
<resultMap type="com.example.demo.bean.Menu" id="BaseResultMap">
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="name" property="name"/>
<collection property="children" ofType="com.example.demo.bean.Menu">
<id column="id2" property="id"/>
<result column="name2" property="name"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="getAllMenus" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
select
m1.id as id,
m1.name as name,
m2.id as id2,
m2.name as name2
from menu m1,menu m2
where m1.`id`=m2.`parentId`
</select>
</mapper>
最终获取到的结果如下:
(2)如果菜单有三级的话,则 MyBatis 语句做如下修改,再增加一个嵌套结果级即可:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.example.demo.mapper.MenuMapper">
<resultMap type="com.example.demo.bean.Menu" id="BaseResultMap">
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="name" property="name"/>
<collection property="children" ofType="com.example.demo.bean.Menu">
<id column="id2" property="id"/>
<result column="name2" property="name"/>
<collection property="children" ofType="com.example.demo.bean.Menu">
<id column="id3" property="id"/>
<result column="name3" property="name"/>
</collection>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="getAllMenus" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
select
m1.id as id,
m1.name as name,
m2.id as id2,
m2.name as name2,
m3.id as id3,
m3.name as name3
from menu m1,menu m2,menu m3
where m1.`id`=m2.`parentId` and m2.`id`=m3.`parentId`
</select>
</mapper>
(3)如果菜单级别不确定,可能只有一级、或者有两级、或者有三级(最多三级),可以对 SQL 语句稍作修改,改成左连接即可:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.example.demo.mapper.MenuMapper">
<resultMap type="com.example.demo.bean.Menu" id="BaseResultMap">
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="name" property="name"/>
<collection property="children" ofType="com.example.demo.bean.Menu">
<id column="id2" property="id"/>
<result column="name2" property="name"/>
<collection property="children" ofType="com.example.demo.bean.Menu">
<id column="id3" property="id"/>
<result column="name3" property="name"/>
</collection>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="getAllMenus" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
select
m1.id as id,
m1.name as name,
m2.id as id2,
m2.name as name2,
m3.id as id3,
m3.name as name3
from menu m1
left join menu m2 on m1.id=m2.parentId
left join menu m3 on m2.id=m3.parentId
where m1.parentId=0
</select>
</mapper>
方法二:使用递归查询实现
(1)下面代码使用递归查询出所有菜单(无论层级有多深):
递归查询好处在于简单易懂,通过简单的配置就可以达到目标效果。不足之处在于由于需要多次查询数据库,如果结果集记录条数过大,会造成较大的数据库访问消耗。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.example.demo.mapper.MenuMapper">
<resultMap type="com.example.demo.bean.Menu" id="BaseResultMap">
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="name" property="name"/>
<collection property="children" select="findMenuByParentId" column="id"/>
</resultMap>
<!--级联查询父菜单-->
<select id="getAllMenus" resultMap="BaseResultMap" >
select * from menu where parentId = 0
</select>
<!--级联查询子菜单-->
<select id="findMenuByParentId" resultMap="BaseResultMap" >
select * from menu where parentId = #{id}
</select>
</mapper>
(2)关联查询还可以传递多个参数,此时传递部分 column 的值为多个键值对(由于这里传递的 name 其实没有用到,只是做个演示,下面的查询结果同前面的是一样的):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.example.demo.mapper.MenuMapper">
<resultMap type="com.example.demo.bean.Menu" id="BaseResultMap">
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="name" property="name"/>
<collection property="children" select="findMenuByParentId" column="{id=id,name=name}"/>
</resultMap>
<!--级联查询父菜单-->
<select id="getAllMenus" resultMap="BaseResultMap" >
select * from menu where parentId = 0
</select>
<!--级联查询子菜单-->
<select id="findMenuByParentId" resultMap="BaseResultMap" >
select * from menu where parentId = #{id}
</select>
</mapper>
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