Python如何实现简单的GUI程序

这篇文章主要介绍Python如何实现简单的GUI程序，文中介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完！

一、记事本

源码

#python简易记事本from tkinter import *from tkinter import messageboxfrom tkinter import filedialogimport osfilename=''   #文件名，全局变量def about():    messagebox.showinfo('提示','这是一个消息框')def openFile():    global filename   #使用全局变量    filename=filedialog.askopenfilename(defaultextension='.txt')   #打开文件，默认扩展名是xtxt    if filename=='':   #如果没有选择        filename=None    else:        root.title('FileName:'+os.path.basename(filename))   #将文件名显示在标题栏中        textPad.delete(1.0,END)   #删除文本框中原有内容        f=open(filename,'r',encoding='UTF-8')   #获取文件中内容        textPad.insert(1.0,f.read())   #显示到文本框        f.close()def saveOtherFile():    global filename    f=filedialog.asksaveasfilename(initialfile='未命名.txt',defaultextension='.txt')   #保存文件    filename=f    root.title('FileName:' + os.path.basename(filename))    fh=open(f,'w',encoding='UTF-8')   #只写方式打开文件    msg=textPad.get(1.0,END)   #从文本框中获取内容    fh.write(msg)    fh.close()root=Tk()   #设置菜单栏root.title('记事本')root.geometry('500x500+100+100')   #widthxheight+x+ymenubar=Menu(root)root.config(menu=menubar)filemenu=Menu(menubar)   #第一个菜单栏filemenu.add_command(label='打开',accelerator='Ctrl+N',command=openFile)filemenu.add_command(label='保存',accelerator='Ctrl+T',command=saveOtherFile)menubar.add_cascade(label='文件',menu=filemenu)aboutmenu=Menu(menubar)aboutmenu.add_command(label='关于',accelerator='Ctrl+Y',command=about)menubar.add_cascade(label='帮助',menu=aboutmenu)status=Label(root,text='Ln20',bd=1,relief=SUNKEN,anchor=W)   #底部状态栏status.pack(side=BOTTOM,fill=X)lnlabel=Label(root,width=2,bg='antique white')   #左边边界栏lnlabel.pack(side=LEFT,fill=Y)textPad=Text(root,undo=True)   #设置文本框textPad.pack(expand=YES,fill=BOTH)scroll=Scrollbar(textPad)   #右边进度条栏textPad.config(yscrollcommand=scroll.set)scroll.config(command=textPad.yview)scroll.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y)root.mainloop()#python简易记事本from tkinter import *from tkinter import messageboxfrom tkinter import filedialogimport osfilename=''   #文件名，全局变量def about():    messagebox.showinfo('提示','这是一个消息框')def openFile():    global filename   #使用全局变量    filename=filedialog.askopenfilename(defaultextension='.txt')   #打开文件，默认扩展名是xtxt    if filename=='':   #如果没有选择        filename=None    else:        root.title('FileName:'+os.path.basename(filename))   #将文件名显示在标题栏中        textPad.delete(1.0,END)   #删除文本框中原有内容        f=open(filename,'r',encoding='UTF-8')   #获取文件中内容        textPad.insert(1.0,f.read())   #显示到文本框        f.close()def saveOtherFile():    global filename    f=filedialog.asksaveasfilename(initialfile='未命名.txt',defaultextension='.txt')   #保存文件    filename=f    root.title('FileName:' + os.path.basename(filename))    fh=open(f,'w',encoding='UTF-8')   #只写方式打开文件    msg=textPad.get(1.0,END)   #从文本框中获取内容    fh.write(msg)    fh.close()root=Tk()   #设置菜单栏root.title('记事本')root.geometry('500x500+100+100')   #widthxheight+x+ymenubar=Menu(root)root.config(menu=menubar)filemenu=Menu(menubar)   #第一个菜单栏filemenu.add_command(label='打开',accelerator='Ctrl+N',command=openFile)filemenu.add_command(label='保存',accelerator='Ctrl+T',command=saveOtherFile)menubar.add_cascade(label='文件',menu=filemenu)aboutmenu=Menu(menubar)aboutmenu.add_command(label='关于',accelerator='Ctrl+Y',command=about)menubar.add_cascade(label='帮助',menu=aboutmenu)status=Label(root,text='Ln20',bd=1,relief=SUNKEN,anchor=W)   #底部状态栏status.pack(side=BOTTOM,fill=X)lnlabel=Label(root,width=2,bg='antique white')   #左边边界栏lnlabel.pack(side=LEFT,fill=Y)textPad=Text(root,undo=True)   #设置文本框textPad.pack(expand=YES,fill=BOTH)scroll=Scrollbar(textPad)   #右边进度条栏textPad.config(yscrollcommand=scroll.set)scroll.config(command=textPad.yview)scroll.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y)root.mainloop()

运行效果：

二、简单画图

# 画图程序import osimport tkinterimport tkinter.simpledialogimport tkinter.colorchooserimport tkinter.filedialogfrom PIL import Imagefrom PIL import ImageGrabdef openItem():    global img    filename=tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilename(title="Open",filetypes=[('Image','*.png *.gif')])    if filename:        img=tkinter.PhotoImage(file=filename)        canvas.create_image(400,300,image=img)def saveItem():    saveX=int(root.winfo_rootx())    saveY=int(root.winfo_rooty())    saveW=root.winfo_width()    saveH=root.winfo_height()    im=ImageGrab.grab((saveX,saveY,saveX+saveW,saveY+saveH))          filename=tkinter.filedialog.asksaveasfilename(title='Save',filetypes=[('Image','*.png *.gif')])    if not filename:        return    try:        if filename[filename.index('.'):] in ['.png','.gif']==False:            filename+='.png'    except:        filename+='.png'    im.save(filename)def clearItem():    for i in canvas.find_all():        canvas.delete(i)def curveType():       penType.set(1)def lineType():    penType.set(2)def rectangleType():    penType.set(3)def textType():    global userText    userText=tkinter.simpledialog.askstring(title="Please input your words", prompt='')    penType.set(4)def eraseType():    penType.set(5)def chooseForeColor():    global foreColor        foreColor=tkinter.colorchooser.askcolor()[1]def chooseBackColor():    global backColor    backColor=tkinter.colorchooser.askcolor()[1]def onClickLeft(event):    global userText    canDraw.set(1)    X.set(event.x)    Y.set(event.y)    if penType.get()==4:        canvas.create_text(event.x,event.y,text=userText)def onMoveLeft(event):    global lastPaint,foreColor,backColor    if canDraw.get()==0:        return    if penType.get()==1:        #绘制曲线        canvas.create_line(X.get(),Y.get(),event.x,event.y,fill=foreColor)        X.set(event.x)        Y.set(event.y)    elif penType.get()==2:      #绘制直线(预览)        try:            canvas.delete(lastPaint)        except:            pass        lastPaint=canvas.create_line(X.get(),Y.get(),event.x,event.y,fill=foreColor)    elif penType.get()==3:      #绘制矩形(预览)        try:            canvas.delete(lastPaint)        except:            pass        lastPaint=canvas.create_rectangle(X.get(),Y.get(),event.x,event.y,fill=backColor,outline=foreColor)    elif penType.get()==5:      #橡皮擦        canvas.create_rectangle(event.x-5,event.y-5,event.x+5,event.y+5,fill=backColor,outline=backColor)def onReleaseLeft(event):    global lastPaint,foreColor,backColor    lastPaint=0      if penType.get()==2:         #抬起左键画直线        canvas.create_line(X.get(),Y.get(),event.x,event.y,fill=foreColor)    elif penType.get()==3:      #抬起左键就画矩形        canvas.create_rectangle(X.get(),Y.get(),event.x,event.y,fill=backColor,outline=foreColor)    canDraw.set(0)def onReleaseRight(event):    menu.post(event.x_root, event.y_root)root=tkinter.Tk()root.title("Paint")root.geometry("800x600+280+50")lastPaint=0userText=""foreColor='black'backColor='white'X=tkinter.IntVar(value=0)Y=tkinter.IntVar(value=0)canDraw=tkinter.IntVar(value=0)     #能否画图，1：能，0:不能penType=tkinter.IntVar(value=1)     #画笔类型，1：曲线，2：直线，3：矩形，4：文本，5：橡皮擦menu=tkinter.Menu(root,tearoff=0)subMenu=tkinter.Menu(menu,tearoff=0)img=tkinter.PhotoImage()canvas=tkinter.Canvas(root,bg='white',width=800,height=600)canvas.create_image(800,600,image=img)menu.add_command(label='Open',command=openItem)menu.add_command(label='Save as',command=saveItem)menu.add_separator()subMenu.add_command(label='Curve',command=curveType)subMenu.add_command(label='Line',command=lineType)subMenu.add_command(label='Rectangle',command=rectangleType)subMenu.add_command(label='Text',command=textType)subMenu.add_command(label='Erase',command=eraseType)menu.add_cascade(label='Pen Type',menu=subMenu)menu.add_separator()menu.add_command(label='Foreground Color',command=chooseForeColor)menu.add_command(label='Bakckground Color',command=chooseBackColor)menu.add_separator()menu.add_command(label='Clear',command=clearItem)canvas.bind('<Button-1>', onClickLeft)canvas.bind('<B1-Motion>',onMoveLeft)canvas.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>',onReleaseLeft)canvas.bind('<ButtonRelease-3>',onReleaseRight)canvas.pack(fill=tkinter.BOTH,expand=tkinter.YES)root.mainloop()

 运行效果：

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