相信编码问题困扰了不少coder，最近遇到的一些坑分享给大家。
1、通用方法 ：decode对应的编码
>>> b"abcde"
b'abcde'
# utf-8 is used here because it is a very common encoding, but you
# need to use the encoding your data is actually in.
>>> b"abcde".decode("utf-8")
'abcde'2、正反编码：encode完了decode
import urllib.request#urlurl="http://www.baidu.com/"#请求request = urllib.request.Request(url)#爬取结果response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
s = response.read()
s=s.decode('utf-8')
s=s.encode('gbk','ignore').decode('gbk');
print(s)
input('...')3、文件流的方式
针对文件的存储，如图片、音乐，需要以文件为载体作为读写
def read_file(filename):
with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
photo = f.read()
return photo4、Binary/LargeBinary/BLOB 字节流类读写
这个时候就要用到我们的终极武器，pickle模块。以上的方法针对特殊字符的字符串格式的读取是invalid byte。
insert = self.jobs_t.insert().values(**{
'id': job.id,
'next_run_time': datetime_to_utc_timestamp(job.next_run_time),
'job_state': pickle.dumps(job.__getstate__(), self.pickle_protocol) # write
})
res[APSchedulerJob.id] = {'next_run_time': APSchedulerJob.next_run_time, 'job_state': str(pickle.loads(APSchedulerJob.job_state)), } # read
结果：
{
"dbintobalant": {
"job_state": "{'version': 1, 'id': 'dbintobalant', 'func': 'app.main.views:db_balant', 'trigger': <CronTrigger (day_of_week='mon-sun', hour='*', minute='*/4', second='0', timezone='Asia/Shanghai')>, 'executor': 'default', 'args': (), 'kwargs': {}, 'name': 'dbintobalant', 'misfire_grace_time': 1, 'coalesce': False, 'max_instances': 5, 'next_run_time': datetime.datetime(2018, 6, 22, 14, 8, tzinfo=<DstTzInfo 'Asia/Shanghai' CST+8:00:00 STD>)}",
"next_run_time": 1529647680.0
},
"hwintobalant": {
"job_state": "{'version': 1, 'id': 'hwintobalant', 'func': 'app.main.views:hw_balant', 'trigger': <CronTrigger (day_of_week='mon-sun', hour='*', minute='*/3', second='0', timezone='Asia/Shanghai')>, 'executor': 'default', 'args': (), 'kwargs': {}, 'name': 'hwintobalant', 'misfire_grace_time': 1, 'coalesce': False, 'max_instances': 5, 'next_run_time': datetime.datetime(2018, 6, 22, 14, 9, tzinfo=<DstTzInfo 'Asia/Shanghai' CST+8:00:00 STD>)}",
"next_run_time": 1529647740.0
},
"mwintobalant": {
"job_state": "{'version': 1, 'id': 'mwintobalant', 'func': 'app.main.views:mw_balant', 'trigger': <CronTrigger (day_of_week='mon-sun', hour='*', minute='*/2', second='0', timezone='Asia/Shanghai')>, 'executor': 'default', 'args': (), 'kwargs': {}, 'name': 'mwintobalant', 'misfire_grace_time': 1, 'coalesce': False, 'max_instances': 5, 'next_run_time': datetime.datetime(2018, 6, 22, 14, 8, tzinfo=<DstTzInfo 'Asia/Shanghai' CST+8:00:00 STD>)}",
"next_run_time": 1529647680.0
}
}如有其他好的方法，欢迎交流。
