这篇文章主要介绍oracle 11.2.0.4单实例打补丁的示例分析，文中介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完！
0、如何获取oracle 11g安装包：
1）登陆SR(https://support.oracle.com)，搜索13390677，按照平台选择对应的安装包，比如rhel 64位选择Linux x86-64
2）下载对应包：
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip:oracle 服务器软件安装包
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip:oracle 服务器软件安装包
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip:grid 软件安装包
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_4of7.zip:oracle 客户端软件安装包
1、如何获取oracle 11g补丁：
1)登陆SR，搜索1454618.1
2)选项解释：
Oracle Database Base Releases:用于下载一些测试版本的oracle软件，比如11.2.0.1，建议不适用这类版本，因为漏洞较多。
Oracle Database Patchsets:数据库软件安装包(可以搜索到0步中的文件)
Oracle Database Release Updates(Versions 12.2 & higher):？？？？？？？
Oracle Database Release Update Revisions(Versions 12.2 & higher):？？？？？？？
Oracle Database PSU,SPU(CPU),Bundle Patches(Versions 12.1 & lower):常用的补丁包
OJVM RU/PSU/Bundle Patches:包含OJVM的补丁包
Lastest Available Microsoft Windows Patches:windows相关的
2、如何获取opatch：
1）登陆SR，搜索文档（274526.1）或者直接搜索opatch
2）选择对应版本下载。
3、区别：
1）SPU（CPU）：指的是CPU（Critical Patch Update）补丁。每季度发布一次（应该是隔段时间发布），用来修复安全方面的一些补丁，是累积型的。在2012年已更名为Security Patch Update（SPU）。主要指那些本来不属于软件错误，正常使用不会出错的问题。但是别有用心的人可以特别手段绕过数据库安全机制获取非法权限。说白了就是一种安全补丁，为了防止黑客利用，攻击数据库。
2）PSU：指的是Patch Set Update，就是补丁集。Oracle选取在每个季度用户下载数量最多，并且得到验证具有较低风险的补丁放入每个季度的PSU中，修复一些比较严重的问题，也是累积型的。
值得注意的是，每个季度的PSU包含相应季度的SPU补丁。
3）BP：指的是Bundle Patch，也是补丁集，修复多个Bug，只不过是用于Windows平台上的，也是累积型的。Oracle会周期性发布BP（至少每季度一次），而且每个BP会包含之前所有的BP，也就是说，只需要安装最新的BP即可。另外，Oracle 的集群软件和数据库软件的BP是同一个，也就是既可以打在集群上，也可以打在数据库软件上。
4）GI PSU：用于安装在集群软件的补丁集。针对Oracle Rac。
5）OJVM PSU：用于修复JAVA 虚拟机相关漏洞的补丁集。针对Rac，建议grid层面打一次，oracle层面也打一次。
综上所示：
对于windows系统，只需要下载最新版本BP，在集群层面（若有）和数据库层面各打一次布丁即可。
对于非windows系统，集群层面（若有）需要打最新版本OJVM + GI PSU ，数据库层面需要打最新版本OJVM +DB PSU。
4、修复过程：
1）将opatch文件、单实例PSU上传到服务器的/tmp目录
2）查看当前补丁集：
[oracle@testlihb OPatch]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
[oracle@testlihb OPatch]$ ./opatch lsinv
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.4
Copyright (c) 2012, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Oracle Home : /database/jkzx/product/11.2.0/db_1
Central Inventory : /database/jkzx/oraInventory
from : /database/jkzx/product/11.2.0/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.4
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /database/jkzx/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch3018-04-02_15-22-15PM_1.log
Lsinventory Output file location : /database/jkzx/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2018-04-02_15-22-15PM.txt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installed Top-level Products (1):
Oracle Database 11g 11.2.0.4.0
There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.
There are no Interim patches installed in this Oracle Home.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPatch succeeded.
3）更换OPatch文件
[oracle@testlihb OPatch]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@testlihb db_1]$ mv /tmp/p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip .
[oracle@testlihb db_1]$ mv OPatch OPatch_bak
[oracle@testlihb db_1]$ unzip p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip
4）解压PSU文件
[oracle@testlihb db_1]$ cd /tmp/
[oracle@testlihb tmp]$ unzip p27011017_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip
5）安装PSU补丁集（必须先安装PSU补丁集再安装OJVM补丁集）
[oracle@testlihb tmp]$ cd 27011017/
[oracle@testlihb 27011017]$ ls
26925532 26925576 README.html README.txt
##关库
[oracle@testlihb 27011017]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> exit
[oracle@testlihb 27011017]$ ps -ef|grep smon_
oracle 30411 30118 0 15:40 pts/0 00:00:00 grep smon_
##关监听
[oracle@testlihb 27011017]$ ps -ef|grep lsn
oracle 24373 1 0 11:44 ? 00:00:00 /database/jkzx/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
oracle 30413 30118 0 15:40 pts/0 00:00:00 grep lsn
[oracle@testlihb 27011017]$ lsnrctl stop
[oracle@testlihb 27011017]$ ps -ef|grep lsn
oracle 30415 30118 0 15:41 pts/0 00:00:00 grep lsn
##安装前环境配置和检查
[oracle@testlihb 27011017]$ cd 26925576
[oracle@testlihb 26925576]$ export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:/usr/ccs/bin
[oracle@testlihb 26925576]$ opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -ph ./
Prereq "checkConflictAgainstOHWithDetail" passed.
OPatch succeeded.
[oracle@testlihb 26925576]$ opatch apply
Do you want to proceed? [y|n]
y
Email address/User Name:
Do you wish to remain uninformed of security issues ([Y]es, [N]o) [N]: y
Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n]
y
Applying sub-patch '17478514' to OH '/database/jkxt/product/11.2.0/db_1'
Patching component oracle.rdbms, 11.2.0.4.0...
。。。
Applying sub-patch '26392168' to OH '/database/jkxt/product/11.2.0/db_1'
ApplySession: Optional component(s) [ oracle.oid.client, 11.2.0.4.0 ] not present in the Oracle Home or a higher version is found.
OPatch found the word "error" in the stderr of the make command.
Please look at this stderr. You can re-run this make command.
Stderr output:
chmod: changing permissions of `/database/jkxt/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/extjobO': Operation not permitted
make: [iextjob] Error 1 (ignored)
Composite patch 26925576 successfully applied.
OPatch Session completed with warnings.
Log file location: /database/jkxt/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch3018-04-02_16-51-12PM_1.log
OPatch completed with warnings.
6）安装PSU补丁集后的补充工作
[oracle@testlihb 26925576]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
[oracle@testlihb admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup
SQL> @catbundle.sql psu apply
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> exit
7）安装OJVM补丁集预检查
[oracle@testlihb admin]$ cd /tmp/27011017/26925532
[oracle@testlihb 27011017]$ cd 26925532
[oracle@testlihb 26925532]$ export PATH=$PATH:/database/jkzx/product/11.2.0/db_1/OPatch
[oracle@testlihb 26925532]$ opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -ph ./
。。。
Prereq "checkConflictAgainstOHWithDetail" passed.
OPatch succeeded.
8）安装OJVM补丁集
[oracle@testlihb 26925532]$ opatch apply
。。。
OPatch continues with these patches: 26925532
Do you want to proceed? [y|n]
y
Email address/User Name:
Do you wish to remain uninformed of security issues ([Y]es, [N]o) [N]: y
Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n]
y
User Responded with: Y
Backing up files...
Applying interim patch '26925532' to OH '/database/jkxt/product/11.2.0/db_1'
ApplySession: Optional component(s) [ oracle.sqlj, 11.2.0.4.0 ] , [ oracle.sqlj.companion, 11.2.0.4.0 ] not present in the Oracle Home or a higher version is found.
Patching component oracle.javavm.server, 11.2.0.4.0...
。。。
Patch 26925532 successfully applied.
Log file location: /database/jkxt/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch3018-04-02_17-10-13PM_1.log
OPatch succeeded.
9）安装OJVM补丁集的后续工作
[oracle@testlihb 26925532]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/sqlpatch/26925532
[oracle@testlihb 26925532]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup upgrade
SQL> @postinstall.sql
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
SQL> exit
[oracle@testlihb 26925532]$ lsnrctl start
[oracle@testlihb 26925532]$ lsnrctl status
10）检查当前补丁集情况：
[oracle@testlihb 26925532]$ opatch lsinv
。。。
Installed Top-level Products (1):
Oracle Database 11g 11.2.0.4.0
There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.
Interim patches (2) :
Patch 26925532 : applied on Mon Apr 02 17:11:56 CST 2018
Unique Patch ID: 21750570
Patch description: "OJVM PATCH SET UPDATE 11.2.0.4.180116"
Created on 27 Nov 2017, 11:12:35 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
18933818, 19176885, 17201047, 25067795, 14774730, 19153980, 21911849
。。。
Patch 26925576 : applied on Mon Apr 02 16:56:21 CST 2018
Unique Patch ID: 21773885
Patch description: "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.180116 (26925576)"
Created on 5 Dec 2017, 05:23:24 hrs PST8PDT
Sub-patch 26392168; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.171017 (26392168)"
。。。
Sub-patch 17478514; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.1 (17478514)"
Bugs fixed:
21174504, 17184721, 21538558, 16091637, 18092127, 17381384, 15979965
。。。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPatch succeeded.
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