在实际项目开发中可能存在需要同时操作两个数据库的场景，比如从A库读取数据，进行操作后往B库中写入数据，此时就需要进行多数据库配置。本文以操作本地和线上的MySQL数据库为例：
一、导入相关pom文件
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>2.0.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
二、application.yml配置文件编写
单数据源的配置如下：
spring:
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/meal_order?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
username: root
password: root
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
多数据源的配置如下：
spring:
datasource:
dev:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbcUrl: jdbc:mysql://xxx.xx.xx.xx:3306/meal_order?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
username: root
password: root
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
local:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbcUrl: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db2021?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
username: root
password: root
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
经过对比可以发现：
1、多数据源的配置中需要指定具体的名称来区分不同的数据库（上述配置中的dev和local，名称可以根据具体需求自定义）
2、需要使用jdbcUrl代替url
三、数据库连接配置文件
dev数据源配置文件：
@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.multiple.mapper.dev",sqlSessionFactoryRef = "devSqlSessionFactory")
public class DevDataSourceConfig {
@Primary
@Bean(name = "devDataSource")
@ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.dev")
public DataSource masterDataSource(){
return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}
@Bean(name = "devSqlSessionFactory")
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("devDataSource") DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean sessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
sessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);
sessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver()
.getResources("classpath:mapping/dev/*.xml"));
return sessionFactoryBean.getObject();
}
}
local数据源配置文件：
@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.multiple.mapper.local",sqlSessionFactoryRef = "localSqlSessionFactory")
public class LocalDataSourceConfig {
@Primary
@Bean(name = "localDataSource")
@ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.local")
public DataSource masterDataSource(){
return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}
@Bean(name = "localSqlSessionFactory")
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("localDataSource") DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean sessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
sessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);
sessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver()
.getResources("classpath:mapping/local/*.xml"));
return sessionFactoryBean.getObject();
}
}
不同配置文件通过@MapperScan注解的内容来区分不同数据库下的mapper文件，通过@ConfigurationProperties注解来加载指定的数据源
以DevDataSourceConfig为例
四、主启动类注解修改
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={<!--{C}%3C!%2D%2D%20%2D%2D%3E-->DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class})目录结构如下：
五、测试
从dev库中查询数据，取出字段插入local库中：
public interface DevMapper {
@Select("select * from test")
List<Test> getAllTest();
}
public interface LocalMapper {
@Insert("insert into payment(serial) values (#{name})")
int insertMessage(String name);
}
@SpringBootTest
class MultipleDatabaseApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private DevMapper devMapper;
@Autowired
private LocalMapper localMapper;
@Test
void contextLoads() {
List<com.multiple.pojo.Test> testList = devMapper.getAllTest();
for(com.multiple.pojo.Test test : testList){
localMapper.insertMessage(test.getAa());
}
}
}
运行测试代码，从dev库中查出的数据可以成功添加至local库
该方法也适用需要使用多种不同的数据库的场景，比如MySQL和Oracle，修改数据源配置文件即可
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