本教程操作环境:Windows10系统、react18.0.0版、Dell G3电脑。
react后端请求数据怎么实现?
react-ajax请求后台数据方法
axios
方法一:在package.json中配置
"proxy":"http://localhost:5000"
- 这样localhost:5000就是我们要代理到的服务器
getStudentData = () => {
axios.get('/students').then(
(result) => { console.log(result.data); },
(reason) => { console.log(reason); })
}
- 获取localhost:5000中/students的数据
**优点:**配置简单,前端请求资源不需要任何前缀
**缺点:**不能配置多个代理服务器
方法二:在src目录下创建setupProxy.js文件
第一步:webpack配置了调用setupProxy.js中配置的功能
setupProxy.js
第二步:配置
//const proxy=require("http-proxy-middleware") :视频中请求的包,引用它出现了无法访问的问题//应该使用以下写法*******const { createProxyMiddleware } = require("http-proxy-middleware");module.exports=function(app){ app.use( createProxyMiddleware('/api1',{//遇见/api1前缀的请求,就会触发该代理配置 target:"http://localhost:5000",//请求转发给谁 changeOrigin:true,//控制服务器收到的请求头中Host字段的值:host就是主机名+端口号 //true:后端接收到的host:localhost:5000 //false:后端接收到的host:localhost:3000 //系统默认为false,一般会设为true pathRewrite:{"^/api1":""}//重写请求路径(必须要写) //不写:后台接收到的请求路径:/api1/student //写了:后台请求的路径:/student }), createProxyMiddleware('/api2',{ target:"http://localhost:5001", changeOrigin:true, pathRewrite:{"^/api2":""} }), )}
解决问题链接:https://www.csdn.net/tags/OtTaIg0sNzE3OC1ibG9n.html
跨域请求真实接口案例
App.jsx
import React, { Component } from 'react' import Search from './components/Search' import List from './components/List' import './App.css' export default class App extends Component { state={users:[]} getSearchResult=(result)=>{ this.setState({users:result}) } render() { return ( <div className="container"> <Search getSearchResult={this.getSearchResult}/> <List users={this.state.users}/> </div> ) } }
Search.jsx
import React, { Component } from 'react' import axios from 'axios' import './index.css' export default class Search extends Component { search = () => { //获取输入框中的值 const { value } = this.keyWordElement; //发送请求 axios.get(`/api1/search/users?q=${value}`).then( result => { this.props.getSearchResult(result.data.items) }, reason => { console.log(reason); }) } render() { return ( <section className="jumbotron"> <h3 className="jumbotron-heading">搜索github用户</h3> <div> <input ref={c => this.keyWordElement = c} type="text" placeholder="enter the name you search" /> <button onClick={this.search}>搜索</button> </div> </section> ) } }
List.jsx
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import './index.css'
export default class List extends Component {
render() {
return (
<div className="row">
{this.props.users.map(item=>{
return <div key={item.id} className="card">
<a href={item.html_url} target="_blank">
<img src={item.avatar_url} style={{ width: "100px" }} />
</a>
<p className="card-text">{item.login}</p>
</div>
})}
</div>
)
}
}
react-任意组件间的通信
消息订阅与发布机制
PubSubJs:
- pub:(publish)发布
- sub:(subscribe)订阅
pubsub-js:就是用来实现发布订阅的,可以把它看过vue中的eventBus,看作是函数的载体
订阅方:创建一个函数,并且将这个函数传给pubsub做托管
var token=PubSub.subscribe("myTopic",myFunction[托管的函数])//token,是当前订阅函数的唯一id,可以用来取消订阅
发布方:发布的意思就是通过调用订阅方指定的函数,实现传参或执行操作功能
PubSub.publish('myTopic','需要发送给订阅者的内容')
第一步:添加pubsub-js
yarn add pubsub-js
**第二步:**在组件中导入
import PubSub from 'pubsub-js'
**第三步:**调用PubSub订阅函数(一般是在componentDidMount钩子函数中订阅)
componentDidMount(){ this.token=PubSub.subscribe("changeState",this.changeStateObj) }
demo
List.jsx
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import PubSub from 'pubsub-js'
import './index.css'
export default class List extends Component {
state={
users:[],//拿到的用户信息
isFirst:true,//是否第一次访问
isLoading:false,//是否正在加载
err:"",//返回的错误信息
}
changeStateObj=(msg,value)=>{
this.setState(value)
}
componentDidMount(){
this.token=PubSub.subscribe("changeState",this.changeStateObj)
}
componentWillUnmount(){
PubSub.unsubscribe(this.token)
}
render() {
let {users,isFirst,isLoading,err}=this.state
return (
<div className="row">
{
isFirst?<h2>输入搜索内容搜索用户</h2>:
isLoading?<h2>Loading...</h2>:
err?<h2>{err}</h2>:
users.map(item=>{
return <div key={item.id} className="card">
<a href={item.html_url} target="_blank">
<img src={item.avatar_url} style={{ width: "100px" }} />
</a>
<p className="card-text">{item.login}</p>
</div>
})}
</div>
)
}
}
Search.jsx
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import axios from 'axios'
import './index.css'
import PubSub from 'pubsub-js'
export default class Search extends Component {
search = () => {
//获取输入框中的值
const { value } = this.keyWordElement;
PubSub.publish('changeState',{isFirst:false,isLoading:true})
//发送请求
axios.get(`/api1/search/users2?q=${value}`).then(
result => {
PubSub.publish('changeState',{isLoading:false,users:result.data.items})
},
reason => {
PubSub.publish('changeState',{isLoading:false,err:reason.message})
})
}
render() {
return (
<section className="jumbotron">
<h3 className="jumbotron-heading">搜索github用户</h3>
<div>
<input ref={c => this.keyWordElement = c} type="text" placeholder="enter the name you search" /> <button onClick={this.search}>搜索</button>
</div>
</section>
)
}
}
App.jsx
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import Search from './components/Search'
import List from './components/List'
import './App.css'
export default class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<div className="container">
<Search />
<List/>
</div>
)
}
}
发送ajax请求的方式有哪些?
- xhr:xmlHttpRequest:传统的ajax
- jQuery:封装了xhr
- axios:封装了xhr
- **fetch(取来)?*window内置的,不用借用第三方库,直接使用
- 缺点:目前不是很好用,没有请求发送拦截器
xhr
fetch
- 缺点:兼容性不高
- 优点:没有用xhr,不用安装第三方库,原生
fetch最优写法
let getData=async()=>{
try{
let result=await fetch(url);
let data=await result.json();
}catch(error){
console.log('请求错误',error)
}
}
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