getattr() 函数用于返回一个对象属性值。
def getattr(object, name, default=None): # known special case of getattr """ getattr(object, name[, default]) -> value Get a named attribute from an object; getattr(x, 'y') is equivalent to x.y. When a default argument is given, it is returned when the attribute doesn't exist; without it, an exception is raised in that case. """ pass
getattr()语法结构:
getattr(object, name[, default])
- object -- 对象。
- name -- 字符串,对象属性。
- default -- 默认返回值,如果不提供该参数,在没有对应属性时,将触发 AttributeError。
返回值:返回对象属性值。
示例代码1:
class Test(object): x = 1a = Test()print(getattr(a, 'x')) # 获取属性 x 值print(getattr(a, 'y', 'None')) # 获取属性 y 值不存在,但设置了默认值# print(getattr(a, 'y')) # AttributeError: 'Test' object has no attribute 'y'print(a.x) # 效果等同于上面
运行结果:
示例代码2:
class Demo(object): def __init__(self): self.name = '张三' self.age = '25' def first(self): print("这是 first 方法") return "one" def second(self): print("这是 second 方法")a = Demo()# 如果a对象中有属性name则打印self.name的值,否则打印'non-existent'print(getattr(a, 'name', 'non-existent'))print("*" * 100)# 如果a对象中有属性age则打印self.age的值,否则打印'non-existent'print(getattr(a, 'age', 'non-existent'))print("*" * 100)# 如果有方法first,打印其地址,否则打印defaultprint(getattr(a, 'first', 'default'))print("*" * 100)# 如果有方法first,运行函数并打印返回值,否则,打印defaultprint(getattr(a, 'first', 'default')())print("*" * 100)# 如果有方法second,运行函数并打印None否则打印defaultprint(getattr(a, 'second', 'default')())
运行结果:
示例代码3: 【对对象中的方法传参使用】
class Demo(object): def run(self, name, age): return f"My name is {name}, age is {age}!"aa = getattr(Demo, 'run')print(aa)bb = getattr(Demo(), 'run')print(bb)cc = getattr(Demo, 'run')(1, "dgw", "26")print(cc)dd = getattr(Demo(), 'run')("dgw", "26")print(dd)
运行结果:
示例代码4: 【requests方法使用getattr()】
import requestsheaders = { "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.99 Safari/537.36"}# 最后有没有问号结果都一样url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s?'# 请求参数是一个字典 即wd=pythonkw = {'wd': 'python'}# 方法一:# 带上请求参数发起请求,获取响应response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params=kw)print(response.status_code)print(response.url)# 方法二:使用getattr()response2 = getattr(requests, 'get')(url, headers=headers, params=kw)print(response2.status_code)print(response2.url)
运行结果:
来源地址:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44799217/article/details/125941122