php小编柚子在这篇文章中将向大家介绍如何通过对通道进行多次写入来理解 golang 阻塞通道的行为。在golang中，通道是一种用于在协程之间传递数据的重要机制。当通道已满时，写入操作会被阻塞，直到通道有空闲位置。我们将通过一个简单的示例来演示这种行为，并解释阻塞通道的原理和使用方法。无论是初学者还是有经验的golang开发者，都能从本文中获得有益的知识和实践经验。让我们开始吧！
问题内容
我是 golang 新手，正在尝试了解该语言中的并发性。我有一个代码，可以将一些值推送到通道，然后读取它们。
package main
import (
"log"
"time"
)
func Greet2(c chan string) {
// logging to Stdout is not an atomic operation
// so artificially, sleep for some time
time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
// 5. until below line reads and unblock the channel
log.Printf("5. Read Greet2:: %s\n\n", <-c)
}
func Greet(c chan string) {
// 4. Push a new value to the channel, this will block
// Process will look for other go routines to execute
log.Printf("4. Add 'Greet::John' to the channel, block until it is read. Remember, 'Greet' goroutine will block and only other goroutines can run even though this go routine can pull the value out from the channel.\n\n")
c <- "Greet::John!"
// 8. This statement will never execute
log.Printf("8. Read Greet:: %s !\n\n", <-c)
}
func main() {
c := make(chan string)
log.Println("1. Main start")
// 2. Both go routine will be declared and both will
// for a value to be inserted in the channel
log.Println("2. Declare go routines.\n\n")
go Greet(c)
go Greet2(c)
// 3. write will block
log.Println("3. Add 'main::Hello' to the channel, block until it is read. Remember, 'main' goroutine will block and only other goroutines can run even though this go routine can pull the value out from the channel.\n\n")
c <- "main::Hello"
// Sleep to give time goroutines to execute
time.Sleep(time.Second)
// 6. read the channel value.
log.Printf("6. Read main:: %s \n\n", <-c)
// 7. Insert a new value to the channel
log.Println("7. Add 'main::Bye' to the channel, block until it is read.\n")
c <- "main::Bye"
// Sleep to give time goroutines to execute
time.Sleep(time.Second)
log.Println("9. Main stop")
}上述程序的输出是
2023/09/02 21:58:07 1. Main start
2023/09/02 21:58:07 2. Declare go routines.
2023/09/02 21:58:07 3. Add 'main::Hello' to the channel, block until it is read. Remember, 'main' goroutine will block and only other goroutines can run even though this go routine can pull the value out from the channel.
2023/09/02 21:58:07 4. Add 'Greet::John' to the channel, block until it is read. Remember, 'Greet' goroutine will block and only other goroutines can run even though this go routine can pull the value out from the channel.
2023/09/02 21:58:10 5. Read Greet2:: main::Hello
2023/09/02 21:58:11 6. Read main:: Greet::John!
2023/09/02 21:58:11 7. Add 'main::Bye' to the channel, block until it is read.
2023/09/02 21:58:11 8. Read Greet:: main::Bye !
2023/09/02 21:58:12 9. Main stop我无法理解为什么 4.（另一个写入通道）在 5.（第一次从通道读取）之前执行，因为 3. 将阻塞，并且在读取值之前通道不可用来自它（在步骤 5. 中）。我是否误解了阻塞行为，在步骤 3. 中，只有 main goroutine 块和 Greet （在步骤 4. 中）可以向通道写入附加值？一个解释确实可以解决我的困惑:)
干杯， DD。
<小时/>感谢您的回复，我已经创建了一个更简单的程序来演示。并发
package main
import (
"fmt"
)
func do2(c chan int) {
fmt.Println(<-c)
}
func do(c chan int) {
// 4. this statement is trying to write another value "2" to the channel
// Channel already contains "1" as the value which has not been read yet.
// this statement will wait for "1" to get read and block the execution.
// Scheduler will look for other goroutines that can execute.
// However, this("do") is blocked as well as "main" is blocked too and
// there are no other goroutines to execute.
// Hence, will result in a "Deadlock" fatal error.
c <- 2
fmt.Println(<-c)
}
func main() {
// 1. Declare a channel
c := make(chan int)
// 2. Declare "do" goroutine
go do(c)
// 3. write "1" to the channel
// This will block and wait for program's other goroutines to read the value.
// however, there is only "do" goroutine is defined can run at this point.
// Scheduler, will try to run "do" goroutine.
c <- 1
go do2(c)
}死锁可以通过交换c 和go do2(c)语句来修复。
解决方法
在 Go 中，当您在通道上发送值时（步骤 3 中的 c ），发送 Goroutine 将阻塞，直到有另一个 Goroutine 准备好从通道接收值。然而，这并不意味着没有其他 goroutine 可以继续执行。在您的代码中， Greet 和 Greet2 协程都在等待来自通道的值，因此当您在步骤 3 中发送值时，其中一个（不保证是哪一个）将解除阻塞并继续执行。
让我一步步分解事件的顺序：
- 主程序启动，您创建一个频道
c。 - 您声明了两个 goroutine，
Greet和Greet2，并且两者都在等待来自通道的值。 - 您在通道上发送一个值“main::Hello”，这会阻塞主 goroutine，直到其他 goroutine 从通道读取数据。但是，两个 Goroutine 之一（
Greet或Greet2）不会被阻止接收该值。 -
Greet解除阻塞并继续执行。它记录消息“4. 将‘Greet::John’添加到频道...”并发送“Greet::John!”在频道上。这会再次阻塞Greet，因为此时没有其他 goroutine 可以从通道中读取。 -
Greet2解除阻塞并继续执行。它记录消息“5. Read Greet2:: main::Hello”并从通道读取值“main::Hello”。 - Main 解锁，记录“6. Read main:: Greet::John!”并写着“问候::约翰！”来自频道。
- Main 在通道上发送另一个值“main::Bye”。此时，
Greet在向通道写入时仍被阻止，而Greet2因未从通道读取而被阻止。 - 由于
Greet仍然在写入时被阻止，因此它永远不会记录“8. Read Greet:: main::Bye !” - 主要站点。
因此，理解此处行为的关键是，当您在通道上发送值时，它会解锁任何正在等待从通道读取数据的 goroutine。等待的 goroutine 解除阻塞的顺序是不确定的，取决于调度程序。在您的情况下，Greet2 碰巧首先被解锁，但也可能是 Greet。
总之，您观察到的行为与 Go 通道的工作方式完全一致，并且需要注意的是，竞争 Goroutines 之间的执行顺序无法保证。
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