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如何对 Elasticsearch 查询结果进行排序和过滤
排序
Elasticsearch 提供多种排序选项,包括按字段、分数或脚本排序。
- 按字段排序
from elasticsearch_dsl import Search, Sort
client = Elasticsearch()
s = Search(using=client, index="my-index")
s = s.sort("age", order="asc") # 按 age 字段升序排序
- 按分数排序
from elasticsearch_dsl import Search, Sort
client = Elasticsearch()
s = Search(using=client, index="my-index")
s = s.sort("_score") # 按相关性得分降序排序
- 按脚本排序
from elasticsearch_dsl import Search, Sort
client = Elasticsearch()
s = Search(using=client, index="my-index")
s = s.sort("script", script="doc["age"].value * 2") # 按 age 字段的两倍排序
过滤
Elasticsearch 还允许您根据特定条件过滤结果。
- 范围过滤
from elasticsearch_dsl import Search, Q
client = Elasticsearch()
s = Search(using=client, index="my-index")
s = s.query("range", age={"gte": 18, "lte": 65}) # 过滤 18-65 岁之间的文档
- 模糊匹配过滤
from elasticsearch_dsl import Search, Q
client = Elasticsearch()
s = Search(using=client, index="my-index")
s = s.query("fuzzy", age=30) # 过滤与年龄 30 接近的文档
- 正则表达式过滤
from elasticsearch_dsl import Search, Q
client = Elasticsearch()
s = Search(using=client, index="my-index")
s = s.query("regexp", name=".*John.*") # 过滤名称中包含 "John" 的文档
- 复合过滤
from elasticsearch_dsl import Search, Q
client = Elasticsearch()
s = Search(using=client, index="my-index")
s = s.query(Q("range", age={"gte": 18, "lte": 65}) & Q("regexp", name=".*John.*")) # 过滤 18-65 岁且名称中包含 "John" 的文档
组合排序和过滤
from elasticsearch_dsl import Search, Sort, Q
client = Elasticsearch()
s = Search(using=client, index="my-index")
s = s.sort("age", order="asc") # 按年龄升序排序
s = s.query("range", age={"gte": 18, "lte": 65}) # 过滤 18-65 岁之间的文档
执行查询
response = s.execute()
for hit in response:
print(hit.meta.score, hit.age)
其他高级过滤选项
- 聚合:按字段或值分组结果。
- 高亮:在搜索结果中突出显示匹配的查询字符串。
- 分页:控制结果的页面大小和偏移量。
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