1. oracle11g安装环境准备
采用OEL6.5 x64安装，安装过程与Redhat一致，安装过程中选中桌面，开发包，开发库，其它默认选项。
Desktops > X Window System
Development > Additional Development
Development > Development Tools
安装好后：
(1) 关闭selinux
(2) 关闭iptables
(3) 重启
2. 开始安装基础包(放入光盘、或挂载ISO文件)
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
cd /mnt/cdrom/Server/Packages
rpm -Uvh binutils-2*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh glibc-2*x86_64* nss-softokn-freebl-3*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh glibc-2*i686* nss-softokn-freebl-3*i686*
rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh glibc-common-2*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2*i686*
rpm -Uvh glibc-headers-2*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-0*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-devel-0*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh gcc-4*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh gcc-c++-4*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh ksh-*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh libaio-0*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh libaio-0*i686*
rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0*i686*
rpm -Uvh libgcc-4*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh libgcc-4*i686*
rpm -Uvh libstdc++-4*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh libstdc++-4*i686*
rpm -Uvh libstdc++-devel-4*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh make-3.81*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh numactl-devel-2*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh sysstat-9*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33*i686*
rpm -Uvh compat-libcap*(1) 确认安装以下包
# rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 compat-gcc-34-c++ elfutils-libelf
elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel
glibc-headers kernel-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libgomp
libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat numactl-devel unixODBC
unixODBC-devel openmotif22 openmotif compat-db libXpbinutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6.x86_64
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686
package compat-gcc-34-c++ is not installed
elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.152-1.el6.x86_64
gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64
glibc-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64
glibc-2.12-1.132.el6.i686
glibc-common-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686
glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64
kernel-headers-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
ksh-20120801-10.el6.x86_64
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
libgcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64
libgcc-4.4.7-4.el6.i686
libgomp-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64
libstdc++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64
libstdc++-4.4.7-4.el6.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64
make-3.81-20.el6.x86_64
sysstat-9.0.4-22.el6.x86_64
numactl-devel-2.0.7-8.el6.x86_64
package unixODBC is not installed
package unixODBC-devel is not installed
package openmotif22 is not installed
package openmotif is not installed
package compat-db is not installed
package libXp is not installed
(2) 安装相关包
# rpm -ivh compat-db-4.6.21-15.el6.x86_64.rpm compat-db42-4.2.52-15.el6.x86_64.rpm compat-db43-4.3.29-15.el6.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh compat-gcc-34-c++-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64.rpm compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh unixODBC-2.2.14-12.el6_3.x86_64.rpm unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-12.el6_3.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh openmotif-2.3.3-6.1.el6_4.x86_64.rpm openmotif22-2.2.3-19.el6.x86_64.rpm libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.x86_64.rpm(3) 替换sqlplus工具
# wget http://utopia.knoware.nl/~hlub/uck/rlwrap/rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz
# tar zxvf rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz
# cd rlwrap-0.36
# ./configure
# make
# make check
# make install
3. 创建oracle安装相关用户组及用户帐号
1）创建oinstall,dba组和oracle用户(用root身份)
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle
2）创建Oralce HOME目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
chmod -R 775 /u01/app
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
4. 修改内核支持
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
# sysctl -p
内核参数配置说明：
kernel.shmall = 2097152 # 系统可以使用的共享内存总页数，缺省值就是2097152。
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 # 单个共享内存段的最大值，字节为单位, 此例为2GB。
kernel.shmmni = 4096 # 共享内存段的最大默认数量
5. 修改文件描述符
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf << EOF
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
EOF
6. 修改登陆认证模块
cat >> /etc/pam.d/login << EOF
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
EOF
7. 修改本地hosts文件
# vi /etc/hosts
192.168.233.100 vm100
8. 修改oracle用户环境变量
(1) 配置系统环境变量，加入到最后。
cat >> /etc/profile << EOF
if [ \$USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
EOF
(2) 配置oracle环境变量
# su - oracle
cat >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile << EOF
export EDITOR=vi
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$PATH
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
export LANG=en_US
export LC_ALL=en_US
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib:\$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export CLASSPATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:\$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
alias sqlplus="rlwrap sqlplus"
alias rman="rlwrap rman"
umask 022
EOF
source .bash_profile
9. 拷贝oracle安装包到linux系统中
# mv p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip /u01/app/
# mv p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip /u01/app/
# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
# 解压在/u01/app/database下
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/database/
10. 安装oracle11g软件
说明：本文采用本机安装方式，远程安装推荐采用VNC或Xmanager。
# xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
$ su - oracle
$ cd /u01/Oracle/database
$ ./runInstaller
最后要在root执行以下两条脚本
# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
11. 创建监听服务
$ netca
# 参数一律默认即可
$ ps -ef |grep ora_
12. 创建数据库
$ dbca
# 选择gernel purpose，在SID和全局名称中，选择你在.bash_profile中创建的SID.
# 数据库的字符集选项中选择ZHS16GBK, 其它默认OK,完成.
13. oracle的启动服务配置
#开机自启动采用rc.local启动方式，没有配置成服务方式，关闭数据库还是手动执行的好。
$ vi /etc/oratab
#把最后的N改成Y (默认是N)
orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:Y
cat >> /etc/rc.local << EOF
# Oracle service start
su - oracle -c "lsnrctl start"
su - oracle -c "dbstart"
EOF
