本篇内容主要讲解“MySQL单列索引和联合索引的用法”,感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷,实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“MySQL单列索引和联合索引的用法”吧!
本文通过一个案例,介绍优化器对单列索引和联合索引的选择。
order表的ord_seq字段上有2个索引,单列索引(order_seq)和联合索引(order_seq,order_type)
MySQL > explain select * from `order` where order_seq = 1502131212577;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------------------+------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------------------+------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | order | NULL | ref | idx_ordseq,idx_ordseq_ordtype | idx_ordseq | 8 | const | 1 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------------------+------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
可以看到优化器选择了单列索引idx_ordseq(order_seq),而不是联合索引。因为该索引的叶子节点包含单个键值,所以理论上一个页可以存放更多的记录。
如果换种场景:
MySQL > explain select * from `order` where order_seq = 1502131212577 order by order_type desc;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------------------+--------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------------------+--------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | order | NULL | ref | idx_ordseq,idx_ordseq_ordtype | idx_ordseq_ordtype | 8 | const | 1 | 100.00 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------------------+--------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
where条件字段和排序字段添加联合索引,解决了filesort的问题。
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