前言
最近实现社群对接企业微信，对接的过程遇到一些点，在此记录。
企业微信介绍
企业微信具有和微信一样的体验，用于企业内部成员和外部客户的管理，可以由此构建出社群生态。
企业微信提供了丰富的api进行调用获取数据管理，也提供了各种回调事件，当数据发生变化时，可以及时知道。
我们分为两部分进行讲解，第一部分调用企业微信api，第二部分，接收企业微信的回调。
调用企业微信api
api的开发文档地址：https://work.weixin.qq.com/api/doc/90000/90135/90664
调用企业微信所必须的东西就是企业的accesstoken。获取accesstoken则需要我们的corpid和corpsercret。
具体我们可以参照这里https://work.weixin.qq.com/api/doc/90000/90135/91039
有了token之后，我们就可以通过http请求来调用各种api，获取数据。举一个例子，创建成员的api，如下，我们只要使用http工具调用即可。
这里分享一个http调用工具。
@Slf4j
public class HttpUtils {
static CloseableHttpClient httpClient;
private HttpUtils() {
throw new IllegalStateException("Utility class");
}
static {
Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
.register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory())
.register("https", SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory())
.build();
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);
connectionManager.setMaxTotal(200);
connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(200);
connectionManager.setDefaultSocketConfig(
SocketConfig.custom().setSoTimeout(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.setTcpNoDelay(true).build()
);
connectionManager.setValidateAfterInactivity(TimeValue.ofSeconds(15));
httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
.setConnectionManager(connectionManager)
.disableAutomaticRetries()
.build();
}
public static String get(String url, Map<String, Object> paramMap, Map<String, String> headerMap) {
String param = paramMap.entrySet().stream().map(n -> n.getKey() + "=" + n.getValue()).collect(Collectors.joining("&"));
String fullUrl = url + "?" + param;
final HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(fullUrl);
if (Objects.nonNull(headerMap) && headerMap.size() > 0) {
headerMap.forEach((key, value) -> httpGet.addHeader(key, value));
}
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
if (200 != response.getCode()) {
log.error("HTTP get 返回状态非200[resp={}]", strResult);
}
return strResult;
} catch (IOException | ParseException e) {
log.error("HTTP get 异常", e);
return "";
} finally {
if (null != response) {
try {
EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public static String post(String url,Map<String, Object> paramMap, Map<String, String> headerMap, String data) {
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
String param = paramMap.entrySet().stream().map(n -> n.getKey() + "=" + n.getValue()).collect(Collectors.joining("&"));
String fullUrl = url + "?" + param;
final HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(fullUrl);
if (Objects.nonNull(headerMap) && headerMap.size() > 0) {
headerMap.forEach((key, value) -> httpPost.addHeader(key, value));
}
StringEntity httpEntity = new StringEntity(data, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
httpPost.setEntity(httpEntity);
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
if (200 == response.getCode()) {
String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
return strResult;
}
} catch (IOException | ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return "";
} finally {
if (null != response) {
try {
EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return "";
}
}
对接企业微信的回调
回调分为很多种，比如通讯录的回调如下：
https://work.weixin.qq.com/api/doc/90000/90135/90967
整体的回调流程如下：
配置回调服务，需要有三个配置项，分别是：URL, Token, EncodingAESKey。
首先，URL为回调服务地址，由开发者搭建，用于接收通知消息或者事件。
其次，Token用于计算签名，由英文或数字组成且长度不超过32位的自定义字符串。开发者提供的URL是公开可访问的，这就意味着拿到这个URL，就可以往该链接推送消息。那么URL服务需要解决两个问题：
如何分辨出是否为企业微信来源
如何分辨出推送消息的内容是否被篡改
通过数字签名就可以解决上述的问题。具体为：约定Token作为密钥，仅开发者和企业微信知道，在传输中不可见，用于参与签名计算。企业微信在推送消息时，将消息内容与Token计算出签名。开发者接收到推送消息时，也按相同算法计算出签名。如果为同一签名，则可信任来源为企业微信，并且内容是完整的。
如果非企业微信来源，由于攻击者没有正确的Token，无法算出正确的签名；
如果消息内容被篡改，由于开发者会将接收的消息内容与Token重算一次签名，该值与参数的签名不一致，则会拒绝该请求。
最后，EncodingAESKey用于消息内容加密，由英文或数字组成且长度为43位的自定义字符串。由于消息是在公开的因特网上传输，消息内容是可被截获的，如果内容未加密，则截获者可以直接阅读消息内容。若消息内容包含一些敏感信息，就非常危险了。EncodingAESKey就是在这个背景基础上提出，将发送的内容进行加密，并组装成一定格式后再发送。
对接回调，我们就要实现上述的加密，篡改等代码。这里分享java版本的实现。
AesException
public class AesException extends Exception {
public final static int OK = 0;
public final static int ValidateSignatureError = -40001;
public final static int ParseXmlError = -40002;
public final static int ComputeSignatureError = -40003;
public final static int IllegalAesKey = -40004;
public final static int ValidateCorpidError = -40005;
public final static int EncryptAESError = -40006;
public final static int DecryptAESError = -40007;
public final static int IllegalBuffer = -40008;
private int code;
private static String getMessage(int code) {
switch (code) {
case ValidateSignatureError:
return "签名验证错误";
case ParseXmlError:
return "xml解析失败";
case ComputeSignatureError:
return "sha加密生成签名失败";
case IllegalAesKey:
return "SymmetricKey非法";
case ValidateCorpidError:
return "corpid校验失败";
case EncryptAESError:
return "aes加密失败";
case DecryptAESError:
return "aes解密失败";
case IllegalBuffer:
return "解密后得到的buffer非法";
default:
return null;
}
}
public int getCode() {
return code;
}
AesException(int code) {
super(getMessage(code));
this.code = code;
}
}
MessageUtil
public class MessageUtil {
public static Map<String, String> parseXml(final String msg) {
// 将解析结果存储在HashMap中
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
// 从request中取得输入流
try (InputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(msg.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name()))) {
// 读取输入流
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
Document document = reader.read(inputStream);
// 得到xml根元素
Element root = document.getRootElement();
// 得到根元素的所有子节点
List<Element> elementList = root.elements();
// 遍历所有子节点
for (Element e : elementList) {
map.put(e.getName(), e.getText());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return map;
}
}
public enum QywechatEnum {
TEST("测试", "123123123123", "123123123123", "12312312312");
private String name;
private String corpid;
private String token;
private String encodingAESKey;
QywechatEnum(final String name, final String corpid, final String token, final String encodingAESKey) {
this.name = name;
this.corpid = corpid;
this.encodingAESKey = encodingAESKey;
this.token = token;
}
public String getCorpid() {
return corpid;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public String getToken() {
return token;
}
public String getEncodingAESKey() {
return encodingAESKey;
}
}
public class QywechatInfo {
private String msgSignature;
private String timestamp;
private String nonce;
private String sPostData;
private QywechatEnum qywechatEnum;
}
public class SHA1Utils {
public static String getSHA1(String token, String timestamp, String nonce, String encrypt) throws AesException {
try {
String[] array = new String[]{token, timestamp, nonce, encrypt};
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
// 字符串排序
Arrays.sort(array);
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
sb.append(array[i]);
}
String str = sb.toString();
// SHA1签名生成
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
md.update(str.getBytes());
byte[] digest = md.digest();
StringBuffer hexstr = new StringBuffer();
String shaHex = "";
for (int i = 0; i < digest.length; i++) {
shaHex = Integer.toHexString(digest[i] & 0xFF);
if (shaHex.length() < 2) {
hexstr.append(0);
}
hexstr.append(shaHex);
}
return hexstr.toString();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new AesException(AesException.ComputeSignatureError);
}
}
}
public class WXBizMsgCrypt {
static Charset CHARSET = Charset.forName("utf-8");
Base64 base64 = new Base64();
byte[] aesKey;
String token;
String receiveid;
public WXBizMsgCrypt(final QywechatEnum qywechatEnum) throws AesException {
this.token = qywechatEnum.getToken();
this.receiveid = qywechatEnum.getCorpid();
String encodingAesKey = qywechatEnum.getEncodingAESKey();
if (encodingAesKey.length() != 43) {
throw new AesException(AesException.IllegalAesKey);
}
aesKey = Base64.decodeBase64(encodingAesKey + "=");
}
// 生成4个字节的网络字节序
byte[] getNetworkBytesOrder(int sourceNumber) {
byte[] orderBytes = new byte[4];
orderBytes[3] = (byte) (sourceNumber & 0xFF);
orderBytes[2] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 8 & 0xFF);
orderBytes[1] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 16 & 0xFF);
orderBytes[0] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 24 & 0xFF);
return orderBytes;
}
// 还原4个字节的网络字节序
int recoverNetworkBytesOrder(byte[] orderBytes) {
int sourceNumber = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
sourceNumber <<= 8;
sourceNumber |= orderBytes[i] & 0xff;
}
return sourceNumber;
}
// 随机生成16位字符串
String getRandomStr() {
String base = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
Random random = new Random();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
int number = random.nextInt(base.length());
sb.append(base.charAt(number));
}
return sb.toString();
}
String encrypt(String randomStr, String text) throws AesException {
ByteGroup byteCollector = new ByteGroup();
byte[] randomStrBytes = randomStr.getBytes(CHARSET);
byte[] textBytes = text.getBytes(CHARSET);
byte[] networkBytesOrder = getNetworkBytesOrder(textBytes.length);
byte[] receiveidBytes = receiveid.getBytes(CHARSET);
// randomStr + networkBytesOrder + text + receiveid
byteCollector.addBytes(randomStrBytes);
byteCollector.addBytes(networkBytesOrder);
byteCollector.addBytes(textBytes);
byteCollector.addBytes(receiveidBytes);
// ... + pad: 使用自定义的填充方式对明文进行补位填充
byte[] padBytes = PKCS7Encoder.encode(byteCollector.size());
byteCollector.addBytes(padBytes);
// 获得最终的字节流, 未加密
byte[] unencrypted = byteCollector.toBytes();
try {
// 设置加密模式为AES的CBC模式
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/NoPadding");
SecretKeySpec keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, "AES");
IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(aesKey, 0, 16);
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keySpec, iv);
// 加密
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(unencrypted);
// 使用BASE64对加密后的字符串进行编码
String base64Encrypted = base64.encodeToString(encrypted);
return base64Encrypted;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new AesException(AesException.EncryptAESError);
}
}
String decrypt(String text) throws AesException {
byte[] original;
try {
// 设置解密模式为AES的CBC模式
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/NoPadding");
SecretKeySpec key_spec = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, "AES");
IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(Arrays.copyOfRange(aesKey, 0, 16));
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key_spec, iv);
// 使用BASE64对密文进行解码
byte[] encrypted = Base64.decodeBase64(text);
// 解密
original = cipher.doFinal(encrypted);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new AesException(AesException.DecryptAESError);
}
String xmlContent, from_receiveid;
try {
// 去除补位字符
byte[] bytes = PKCS7Encoder.decode(original);
// 分离16位随机字符串,网络字节序和receiveid
byte[] networkOrder = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 16, 20);
int xmlLength = recoverNetworkBytesOrder(networkOrder);
xmlContent = new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 20, 20 + xmlLength), CHARSET);
from_receiveid = new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 20 + xmlLength, bytes.length),
CHARSET);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new AesException(AesException.IllegalBuffer);
}
// receiveid不相同的情况
if (!from_receiveid.equals(receiveid)) {
throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateCorpidError);
}
return xmlContent;
}
public String EncryptMsg(String replyMsg, String timeStamp, String nonce) throws AesException {
// 加密
String encrypt = encrypt(getRandomStr(), replyMsg);
// 生成安全签名
if (timeStamp == "") {
timeStamp = Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis());
}
String signature = SHA1Utils.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, encrypt);
// System.out.println("发送给平台的签名是: " + signature[1].toString());
// 生成发送的xml
String result = XMLParse.generate(encrypt, signature, timeStamp, nonce);
return result;
}
public String decryptMsg(final QywechatInfo qywechatInfo)
throws AesException {
// 密钥，公众账号的app secret
// 提取密文
Object[] encrypt = XMLParse.extract(qywechatInfo.getSPostData());
// 验证安全签名
String signature = SHA1Utils.getSHA1(token, qywechatInfo.getTimestamp(), qywechatInfo.getNonce(), encrypt[1].toString());
// 和URL中的签名比较是否相等
// System.out.println("第三方收到URL中的签名：" + msg_sign);
// System.out.println("第三方校验签名：" + signature);
if (!signature.equals(qywechatInfo.getMsgSignature())) {
throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateSignatureError);
}
// 解密
String result = decrypt(encrypt[1].toString());
return result;
}
public String verifyURL(String msgSignature, String timeStamp, String nonce, String echoStr)
throws AesException {
String signature = SHA1Utils.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, echoStr);
if (!signature.equals(msgSignature)) {
throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateSignatureError);
}
String result = decrypt(echoStr);
return result;
}
static class ByteGroup {
ArrayList<Byte> byteContainer = new ArrayList<Byte>();
public byte[] toBytes() {
byte[] bytes = new byte[byteContainer.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < byteContainer.size(); i++) {
bytes[i] = byteContainer.get(i);
}
return bytes;
}
public ByteGroup addBytes(byte[] bytes) {
for (byte b : bytes) {
byteContainer.add(b);
}
return this;
}
public int size() {
return byteContainer.size();
}
}
static class PKCS7Encoder {
static Charset CHARSET = Charset.forName("utf-8");
static int BLOCK_SIZE = 32;
static byte[] encode(int count) {
// 计算需要填充的位数
int amountToPad = BLOCK_SIZE - (count % BLOCK_SIZE);
if (amountToPad == 0) {
amountToPad = BLOCK_SIZE;
}
// 获得补位所用的字符
char padChr = chr(amountToPad);
String tmp = new String();
for (int index = 0; index < amountToPad; index++) {
tmp += padChr;
}
return tmp.getBytes(CHARSET);
}
static byte[] decode(byte[] decrypted) {
int pad = (int) decrypted[decrypted.length - 1];
if (pad < 1 || pad > 32) {
pad = 0;
}
return Arrays.copyOfRange(decrypted, 0, decrypted.length - pad);
}
static char chr(int a) {
byte target = (byte) (a & 0xFF);
return (char) target;
}
}
}
如上代码拷贝好后，我们便可以在企业微信的回调事件配置界面，增加回调的连接地址。
实现方案过程中遇到的点
1、回调配置的地址只支持一个，所以要把回调服务抽取出来，申请公网域名。要注意将接收到的回调消息放到消息队列，供其他所有服务接收处理。
2、处理回调要注意逆序问题，假如更新操作先来了，新增操作还没有开始。
3、可以采用消息补偿，定时任务刷新机制，手动同步机制，保证数据的一致性。
4、要实现重试机制，因为可能触发微信的并发调用限制。
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