Android录音--AudioRecord、MediaRecorder的使用

Android提供了两个API用于实现录音功能：android.media.AudioRecord、android.media.MediaRecorder。

网上有很多谈论这两个类的资料。现在大致总结下：

1、AudioRecord

主要是实现边录边播（AudioRecord+AudioTrack）以及对音频的实时处理（如会说话的汤姆猫、语音）

优点：语音的实时处理，可以用代码实现各种音频的封装

缺点：输出是PCM语音数据，如果保存成音频文件，是不能够被播放器播放的，所以必须先写代码实现数据编码以及压缩

示例：

使用AudioRecord类录音，并实现WAV格式封装。录音20s，输出的音频文件大概为3.5M左右（已写测试代码）

2、MediaRecorder

已经集成了录音、编码、压缩等，支持少量的录音音频格式，大概有.aac（API = 16） .amr .3gp

优点：大部分以及集成，直接调用相关接口即可，代码量小

缺点：无法实时处理音频；输出的音频格式不是很多，例如没有输出mp3格式文件

示例：

使用MediaRecorder类录音，输出amr格式文件。录音20s，输出的音频文件大概为33K（已写测试代码）

3、音频格式比较

WAV格式：录音质量高，但是压缩率小，文件大

AAC格式：相对于mp3，AAC格式的音质更佳，文件更小；有损压缩；一般苹果或者Android SDK4.1.2（API 16）及以上版本支持播放

AMR格式：压缩比比较大，但相对其他的压缩格式质量比较差，多用于人声，通话录音

至于常用的mp3格式，使用MediaRecorder没有该视频格式输出。一些人的做法是使用AudioRecord录音，然后编码成wav格式，再转换成mp3格式

再贴上一些测试工程。

功能描述：

1、点击“录音WAV文件”，开始录音。录音完成后，生成文件/sdcard/FinalAudio.wav

2、点击“录音AMR文件”，开始录音。录音完成后，生成文件/sdcard/FinalAudio.amr

3、点击“停止录音”，停止录音，并显示录音输出文件以及该文件大小。

大致代码如下：

1、AudioRecord录音，封装成WAV格式

package com.example.audiorecordtest;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import android.media.AudioFormat;
import android.media.AudioRecord;
public class AudioRecordFunc { 
  // 缓冲区字节大小 
  private int bufferSizeInBytes = 0;   
  //AudioName裸音频数据文件 ，麦克风
  private String AudioName = "";  
  //NewAudioName可播放的音频文件 
  private String NewAudioName = "";
  private AudioRecord audioRecord; 
  private boolean isRecord = false;// 设置正在录制的状态   
  private static AudioRecordFunc mInstance;     
  private AudioRecordFunc(){     
  }   
  public synchronized static AudioRecordFunc getInstance()
  {
    if(mInstance == null) 
      mInstance = new AudioRecordFunc(); 
    return mInstance; 
  } 
  public int startRecordAndFile() {
    //判断是否有外部存储设备sdcard
    if(AudioFileFunc.isSdcardExit())
    {
      if(isRecord)
      {
        return ErrorCode.E_STATE_RECODING;
      }
      else
      {
        if(audioRecord == null)
          creatAudioRecord();        
        audioRecord.startRecording(); 
        // 让录制状态为true 
        isRecord = true; 
        // 开启音频文件写入线程 
        new Thread(new AudioRecordThread()).start(); 
        return ErrorCode.SUCCESS;
      }      
    }    
    else
    {
      return ErrorCode.E_NOSDCARD;      
    }   
  } 
  public void stopRecordAndFile() { 
    close(); 
  }
public long getRecordFileSize(){
    return AudioFileFunc.getFileSize(NewAudioName);
  }
private void close() { 
    if (audioRecord != null) { 
      System.out.println("stopRecord"); 
      isRecord = false;//停止文件写入 
      audioRecord.stop(); 
      audioRecord.release();//释放资源 
      audioRecord = null; 
    } 
  }
  private void creatAudioRecord() { 
    // 获取音频文件路径
    AudioName = AudioFileFunc.getRawFilePath();
    NewAudioName = AudioFileFunc.getWavFilePath();    
    // 获得缓冲区字节大小 
    bufferSizeInBytes = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE, 
        AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT);    
    // 创建AudioRecord对象 
    audioRecord = new AudioRecord(AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_INPUT, AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE, 
        AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT, bufferSizeInBytes); 
  }  
  class AudioRecordThread implements Runnable { 
    @Override 
    public void run() { 
      writeDateTOFile();//往文件中写入裸数据 
      copyWaveFile(AudioName, NewAudioName);//给裸数据加上头文件 
    } 
  } 
   
  private void writeDateTOFile() { 
    // new一个byte数组用来存一些字节数据，大小为缓冲区大小 
    byte[] audiodata = new byte[bufferSizeInBytes]; 
    FileOutputStream fos = null; 
    int readsize = 0; 
    try { 
      File file = new File(AudioName); 
      if (file.exists()) { 
        file.delete(); 
      } 
      fos = new FileOutputStream(file);// 建立一个可存取字节的文件 
    } catch (Exception e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } 
    while (isRecord == true) { 
      readsize = audioRecord.read(audiodata, 0, bufferSizeInBytes); 
      if (AudioRecord.ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION != readsize && fos!=null) { 
        try { 
          fos.write(audiodata); 
        } catch (IOException e) { 
          e.printStackTrace(); 
        } 
      } 
    } 
    try {
      if(fos != null)
        fos.close();// 关闭写入流 
    } catch (IOException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } 
  } 
  // 这里得到可播放的音频文件 
  private void copyWaveFile(String inFilename, String outFilename) { 
    FileInputStream in = null; 
    FileOutputStream out = null; 
    long totalAudioLen = 0; 
    long totalDataLen = totalAudioLen + 36; 
    long longSampleRate = AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE; 
    int channels = 2; 
    long byteRate = 16 * AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE * channels / 8; 
    byte[] data = new byte[bufferSizeInBytes]; 
    try { 
      in = new FileInputStream(inFilename); 
      out = new FileOutputStream(outFilename); 
      totalAudioLen = in.getChannel().size(); 
      totalDataLen = totalAudioLen + 36; 
      WriteWaveFileHeader(out, totalAudioLen, totalDataLen, 
          longSampleRate, channels, byteRate); 
      while (in.read(data) != -1) { 
        out.write(data); 
      } 
      in.close(); 
      out.close(); 
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } catch (IOException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } 
  } 
   
  private void WriteWaveFileHeader(FileOutputStream out, long totalAudioLen, 
      long totalDataLen, long longSampleRate, int channels, long byteRate) 
      throws IOException { 
    byte[] header = new byte[44]; 
    header[0] = 'R'; // RIFF/WAVE header 
    header[1] = 'I'; 
    header[2] = 'F'; 
    header[3] = 'F'; 
    header[4] = (byte) (totalDataLen & 0xff); 
    header[5] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 8) & 0xff); 
    header[6] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 16) & 0xff); 
    header[7] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 24) & 0xff); 
    header[8] = 'W'; 
    header[9] = 'A'; 
    header[10] = 'V'; 
    header[11] = 'E'; 
    header[12] = 'f'; // 'fmt ' chunk 
    header[13] = 'm'; 
    header[14] = 't'; 
    header[15] = ' '; 
    header[16] = 16; // 4 bytes: size of 'fmt ' chunk 
    header[17] = 0; 
    header[18] = 0; 
    header[19] = 0; 
    header[20] = 1; // format = 1 
    header[21] = 0; 
    header[22] = (byte) channels; 
    header[23] = 0; 
    header[24] = (byte) (longSampleRate & 0xff); 
    header[25] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 8) & 0xff); 
    header[26] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 16) & 0xff); 
    header[27] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 24) & 0xff); 
    header[28] = (byte) (byteRate & 0xff); 
    header[29] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 8) & 0xff); 
    header[30] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 16) & 0xff); 
    header[31] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 24) & 0xff); 
    header[32] = (byte) (2 * 16 / 8); // block align 
    header[33] = 0; 
    header[34] = 16; // bits per sample 
    header[35] = 0; 
    header[36] = 'd'; 
    header[37] = 'a'; 
    header[38] = 't'; 
    header[39] = 'a'; 
    header[40] = (byte) (totalAudioLen & 0xff); 
    header[41] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 8) & 0xff); 
    header[42] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 16) & 0xff); 
    header[43] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 24) & 0xff); 
    out.write(header, 0, 44); 
  } 
} 

2、MediaRecorder录音，输出amr格式音频

package com.example.audiorecordtest;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import android.media.MediaRecorder;
public class MediaRecordFunc { 
  private boolean isRecord = false;
  private MediaRecorder mMediaRecorder;
  private MediaRecordFunc(){
  }
  private static MediaRecordFunc mInstance;
  public synchronized static MediaRecordFunc getInstance(){
    if(mInstance == null)
      mInstance = new MediaRecordFunc();
    return mInstance;
  }
  public int startRecordAndFile(){
    //判断是否有外部存储设备sdcard
    if(AudioFileFunc.isSdcardExit())
    {
      if(isRecord)
      {
        return ErrorCode.E_STATE_RECODING;
      }
      else
      {
        if(mMediaRecorder == null)
          createMediaRecord();
        try{
          mMediaRecorder.prepare();
          mMediaRecorder.start();
          // 让录制状态为true 
          isRecord = true;
          return ErrorCode.SUCCESS;
        }catch(IOException ex){
          ex.printStackTrace();
          return ErrorCode.E_UNKOWN;
        }
      }
    }    
    else
    {
      return ErrorCode.E_NOSDCARD;      
    }    
  }
  public void stopRecordAndFile(){
     close();
  }
  public long getRecordFileSize(){
    return AudioFileFunc.getFileSize(AudioFileFunc.getAMRFilePath());
  }
  private void createMediaRecord(){
     
    mMediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();  
    
    mMediaRecorder.setAudioSource(AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_INPUT);//设置麦克风
    
     mMediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.DEFAULT);
    
     mMediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.DEFAULT);
    
     File file = new File(AudioFileFunc.getAMRFilePath());
     if (file.exists()) { 
       file.delete(); 
     } 
     mMediaRecorder.setOutputFile(AudioFileFunc.getAMRFilePath());
  }
  private void close(){
    if (mMediaRecorder != null) { 
      System.out.println("stopRecord"); 
      isRecord = false;
      mMediaRecorder.stop(); 
      mMediaRecorder.release(); 
      mMediaRecorder = null;
    } 
  }
} 

3、其他文件

AudioFileFunc.java

package com.example.audiorecordtest;
import java.io.File;
import android.media.MediaRecorder;
import android.os.Environment;
public class AudioFileFunc {
  //音频输入-麦克风
  public final static int AUDIO_INPUT = MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC;
  //采用频率
  //44100是目前的标准，但是某些设备仍然支持22050，16000，11025
  public final static int AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE = 44100; //44.1KHz,普遍使用的频率  
  //录音输出文件
  private final static String AUDIO_RAW_FILENAME = "RawAudio.raw";
  private final static String AUDIO_WAV_FILENAME = "FinalAudio.wav";
  public final static String AUDIO_AMR_FILENAME = "FinalAudio.amr";
  
  public static boolean isSdcardExit(){    
    if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED))
      return true;
    else
      return false;
  }
  
  public static String getRawFilePath(){
    String mAudioRawPath = "";
    if(isSdcardExit()){
      String fileBasePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();
      mAudioRawPath = fileBasePath+"/"+AUDIO_RAW_FILENAME;
    }  
    return mAudioRawPath;
  }
  
  public static String getWavFilePath(){
    String mAudioWavPath = "";
    if(isSdcardExit()){
      String fileBasePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();
      mAudioWavPath = fileBasePath+"/"+AUDIO_WAV_FILENAME;
    }
    return mAudioWavPath;
  }
  
  public static String getAMRFilePath(){
    String mAudioAMRPath = "";
    if(isSdcardExit()){
      String fileBasePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();
      mAudioAMRPath = fileBasePath+"/"+AUDIO_AMR_FILENAME;
    }
    return mAudioAMRPath;
  }  
  
  public static long getFileSize(String path){
    File mFile = new File(path);
    if(!mFile.exists())
      return -1;
    return mFile.length();
  }
} 

4、其他文件

ErrorCode.java

package com.example.audiorecordtest;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.Resources.NotFoundException;
public class ErrorCode {
  public final static int SUCCESS = 1000;
  public final static int E_NOSDCARD = 1001;
  public final static int E_STATE_RECODING = 1002;
  public final static int E_UNKOWN = 1003;
  public static String getErrorInfo(Context vContext, int vType) throws NotFoundException
  {
    switch(vType)
    {
    case SUCCESS:
      return "success";
    case E_NOSDCARD:
      return vContext.getResources().getString(R.string.error_no_sdcard);
    case E_STATE_RECODING:
      return vContext.getResources().getString(R.string.error_state_record); 
    case E_UNKOWN:
    default:
      return vContext.getResources().getString(R.string.error_unknown);      
    }
  }
} 

5、string.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
  <string name="app_name">AudioRecordTest</string>
  <string name="hello_world">测试AudioRecord，实现录音功能</string>
  <string name="menu_settings">Settings</string>
  <string name="view_record_wav">录音WAV文件</string>
  <string name="view_record_amr">录音AMR文件</string>
  <string name="view_stop">停止录音</string>
  <string name="error_no_sdcard">没有SD卡，无法存储录音数据</string>
  <string name="error_state_record">正在录音中，请先停止录音</string>
  <string name="error_unknown">无法识别的错误</string>
</resources> 

6、主程序MainActivity

package com.example.audiorecordtest; 
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView; 
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
  private final static int FLAG_WAV = 0;
  private final static int FLAG_AMR = 1;
  private int mState = -1;  //-1:没再录制，0：录制wav，1：录制amr
  private Button btn_record_wav;
  private Button btn_record_amr;
  private Button btn_stop;
  private TextView txt;
  private UIHandler uiHandler;
  private UIThread uiThread; 
  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    findViewByIds();
    setListeners();
    init();
  } 
  @Override
  public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
    // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
    getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_main, menu);
    return true;
  }
  private void findViewByIds(){
    btn_record_wav = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btn_record_wav);
    btn_record_amr = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btn_record_amr);
    btn_stop = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btn_stop);
    txt = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.text);
  }
  private void setListeners(){
    btn_record_wav.setOnClickListener(btn_record_wav_clickListener);
    btn_record_amr.setOnClickListener(btn_record_amr_clickListener);
    btn_stop.setOnClickListener(btn_stop_clickListener);
  }
  private void init(){
    uiHandler = new UIHandler();    
  }
  private Button.OnClickListener btn_record_wav_clickListener = new Button.OnClickListener(){
    public void onClick(View v){
      record(FLAG_WAV);
    }
  };
  private Button.OnClickListener btn_record_amr_clickListener = new Button.OnClickListener(){
    public void onClick(View v){
      record(FLAG_AMR);
    }
  };
  private Button.OnClickListener btn_stop_clickListener = new Button.OnClickListener(){
    public void onClick(View v){
      stop();   
    }
  };
  
  private void record(int mFlag){
    if(mState != -1){
      Message msg = new Message();
      Bundle b = new Bundle();// 存放数据
      b.putInt("cmd",CMD_RECORDFAIL);
      b.putInt("msg", ErrorCode.E_STATE_RECODING);
      msg.setData(b); 
      uiHandler.sendMessage(msg); // 向Handler发送消息,更新UI
      return;
    } 
    int mResult = -1;
    switch(mFlag){    
    case FLAG_WAV:
      AudioRecordFunc mRecord_1 = AudioRecordFunc.getInstance();
      mResult = mRecord_1.startRecordAndFile();      
      break;
    case FLAG_AMR:
      MediaRecordFunc mRecord_2 = MediaRecordFunc.getInstance();
      mResult = mRecord_2.startRecordAndFile();
      break;
    }
    if(mResult == ErrorCode.SUCCESS){
      uiThread = new UIThread();
      new Thread(uiThread).start();
      mState = mFlag;
    }else{
      Message msg = new Message();
      Bundle b = new Bundle();// 存放数据
      b.putInt("cmd",CMD_RECORDFAIL);
      b.putInt("msg", mResult);
      msg.setData(b); 
      uiHandler.sendMessage(msg); // 向Handler发送消息,更新UI
    }
  }
  
  private void stop(){
    if(mState != -1){
      switch(mState){
      case FLAG_WAV:
        AudioRecordFunc mRecord_1 = AudioRecordFunc.getInstance();
        mRecord_1.stopRecordAndFile();
        break;
      case FLAG_AMR:
        MediaRecordFunc mRecord_2 = MediaRecordFunc.getInstance();
        mRecord_2.stopRecordAndFile();
        break;
      }      
      if(uiThread != null){
        uiThread.stopThread();
      }
      if(uiHandler != null)
        uiHandler.removeCallbacks(uiThread); 
      Message msg = new Message();
      Bundle b = new Bundle();// 存放数据
      b.putInt("cmd",CMD_STOP);
      b.putInt("msg", mState);
      msg.setData(b);
      uiHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg,1000); // 向Handler发送消息,更新UI 
      mState = -1;
    }
  }  
  private final static int CMD_RECORDING_TIME = 2000;
  private final static int CMD_RECORDFAIL = 2001;
  private final static int CMD_STOP = 2002;
  class UIHandler extends Handler{
    public UIHandler() {
    }
    @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub
      Log.d("MyHandler", "handleMessage......");
      super.handleMessage(msg);
      Bundle b = msg.getData();
      int vCmd = b.getInt("cmd");
      switch(vCmd)
      {
      case CMD_RECORDING_TIME:
        int vTime = b.getInt("msg");
        MainActivity.this.txt.setText("正在录音中，已录制："+vTime+" s");
        break;
      case CMD_RECORDFAIL:
        int vErrorCode = b.getInt("msg");
        String vMsg = ErrorCode.getErrorInfo(MainActivity.this, vErrorCode);
        MainActivity.this.txt.setText("录音失败："+vMsg);
        break;
      case CMD_STOP:        
        int vFileType = b.getInt("msg");
        switch(vFileType){
        case FLAG_WAV:
          AudioRecordFunc mRecord_1 = AudioRecordFunc.getInstance(); 
          long mSize = mRecord_1.getRecordFileSize();
          MainActivity.this.txt.setText("录音已停止.录音文件:"+AudioFileFunc.getWavFilePath()+"\n文件大小："+mSize);
          break;
        case FLAG_AMR:          
          MediaRecordFunc mRecord_2 = MediaRecordFunc.getInstance();
          mSize = mRecord_2.getRecordFileSize();
          MainActivity.this.txt.setText("录音已停止.录音文件:"+AudioFileFunc.getAMRFilePath()+"\n文件大小："+mSize);
          break;
        }
        break;
      default:
        break;
      }
    }
  };
  class UIThread implements Runnable {    
    int mTimeMill = 0;
    boolean vRun = true;
    public void stopThread(){
      vRun = false;
    }
    public void run() {
      while(vRun){
        try {
          Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
          // TODO Auto-generated catch block
          e.printStackTrace();
        }
        mTimeMill ++;
        Log.d("thread", "mThread........"+mTimeMill);
        Message msg = new Message();
        Bundle b = new Bundle();// 存放数据
        b.putInt("cmd",CMD_RECORDING_TIME);
        b.putInt("msg", mTimeMill);
        msg.setData(b); 
        MainActivity.this.uiHandler.sendMessage(msg); // 向Handler发送消息,更新UI
      } 
    }
  } 
} 

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