一、定义和使用
oncontextmenu 事件在元素中用户右击鼠标时触发并打开上下文菜单。
注意:所有浏览器都支持 oncontextmenu 事件, contextmenu 元素只有 Firefox 浏览器支持。
二、语法
HTML 中:
<element oncontextmenu="myScript">
JavaScript 中:
object.oncontextmenu=function(){myScript};
JavaScript 中, 使用 addEventListener() 方法:
object.addEventListener("contextmenu", myScript);
jQuery中,使用on监听事件
$(document).on('contextmenu', myScript);
注意: Internet Explorer 8 及更早 IE 浏览器版本不支持 addEventListener() 。
三、使用细节
是否支持冒泡: | Yes |
是否可以取消: | Yes |
事件类型: | MouseEvent |
支持的 HTML 标签: | 所有 HTML 元素 |
四、案例
这通过一个小案例,在考勤统计列表中,每行中对应某员工这月周期内的每天考勤数据;如果某条记录需要删除,这里通过在记录上直接右击出现删除菜单,操作起来则更为方便。如下图:
4.1 自定义右击删除菜单步骤
通过DOM对象监听鼠标点击事件
触发鼠标点击事件,获取鼠标当前浏览器位置
根据当前位置重新调整自定义contextmenu的位置
显示自定义contextmenu
4.2 技术点
这里使用Vue技术框架来做这个案例,统计列表使用是element-ui中的table组件,事件监听和数据获取通过jquery实现,在开发前请将其通过npm进行安装。
//安装element-ui
npm i element-ui -S
//安装jquery
npm i jquery -S
4.3 html代码
这里通过列数据中isDate判断该列是否渲染为对应日期列,渲染日期相对应的考勤记录时,需要追加data-prop和data-id进行数据传递,后续执行删除操作时会使用到。
<template>
<div class="list-wrap">
<el-table
stripe
:data="tableData"
class="list-table"
style="width: 100%">
<el-table-column type="selection" width="55" fixed="left"></el-table-column>
<template v-for="(item, index) in tableColumn">
<el-table-column :prop="item.prop" :label="item.name" :key="index" :width="item.width" v-if="item.isDate">
<template slot-scope="scope">
<span class="date-cell" v-html="scope.row[item.prop]"
:data-prop="item.prop"
:data-id="scope.row['id_'+item.prop]"></span>
</template>
</el-table-column>
<el-table-column :prop="item.prop" :label="item.name" :key="index" :width="item.width" v-else fixed="left"></el-table-column>
</template>
</el-table>
</div>
</template>
<style lang="scss">
@import './index.scss';
</style>
4.4 CSS样式
.date-cell类选择器对考勤记录数据进行样式修改,更改鼠标为小手图标,并禁止选择文本内容,为避免后期右击时会误操作选中内容。
.menu-box类选择器为右击菜单增加基础样式。
.date-cell{ cursor: pointer;
-moz-user-select:none;
-webkit-user-select:none;
-ms-user-select:none;
-khtml-user-select:none;
user-select:none;
}
.menu-box{
position: absolute;
ul.list{
background-color: #fff;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
li{
border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
padding: 6px 15px;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 1.5;
color: #666;
list-style: none;
cursor: pointer;
&:first-child{
border-top: 0;
}
}
}
}
4.5 基础数据
变量tableData用于存储员工考勤数据,变量tableColumn用于存储表格列头部数据定义,在获取考勤记录后,动态追加日期列到变量tableColumn中。
<script>
export default {
data(){
return {
tableData: [],
tableColumn: [
{prop: "name", name: "姓名", width: "80px"},
{prop: "workday", name: "实际到岗/天", width: "100px"},
]
}
},
created() {
},
methods: {
}
}
</script>
此时页面样式如下图:
4.6 模拟数据
这里在目录位置新建demo.json文件,将以下数据拷入即可。
[
{"id":1482,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-01"},
{"id":1481,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-02"},
{"id":1480,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-03"},
{"id":1479,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-04"},
{"id":1478,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-05"},
{"id":1477,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-06"},
{"id":1476,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-07"},
{"id":1475,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-08"},
{"id":1474,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-09"},
{"id":1473,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-10"},
{"id":1472,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-11"},
{"id":1471,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-12"},
{"id":1470,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-13"},
{"id":1469,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-14"},
{"id":1468,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-15"},
{"id":1467,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-16"},
{"id":1466,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-17"},
{"id":1465,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-18"},
{"id":1464,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-19"},
{"id":1463,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-20"},
{"id":1462,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-21"},
{"id":1461,"name":"张三","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-22"},
{"id":1382,"name":"李四","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-01"},
{"id":1381,"name":"李四","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-07"},
{"id":1380,"name":"李四","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-08"},
{"id":1379,"name":"李四","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-15"},
{"id":1378,"name":"李四","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-21"},
{"id":1377,"name":"李四","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-22"},
{"id":1376,"name":"王五","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-05"},
{"id":1375,"name":"王五","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-06"},
{"id":1374,"name":"王五","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-09"},
{"id":1373,"name":"王五","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-11"},
{"id":1372,"name":"王五","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-10"},
{"id":1371,"name":"王五","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-04"},
{"id":1370,"name":"王五","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-03"},
{"id":1369,"name":"王五","record":["08:30","18:00"],"recorddate":"2023-01-02"}
]
4.7 添加日期列
引入刚才创建好的demo.json文件,导致模拟数据。变量tableData用于存储考勤数据,变量tableColumn用于存储表格列数据,在updateList()函数执行后,获取全部唯一日期数据,和全部用户数据,分别存储到tableData和tableColumn变量中。
由于这里是通过模拟数据实现的功能效果,后期在项目中,相应数据是通过接口查询获取而且的。
<script>
import DemoData from './demo.json'
export default {
data(){
return {
tableData: [],
tableColumn: [
{prop: "name", name: "姓名", width: "80px"},
{prop: "workday", name: "实际到岗/天", width: "100px"},
]
}
},
created() {
this.updateList();
},
methods: {
//加载列表数据
updateList(){
//获取日期列表
let dateColumn = [],
employeeList = [];
//循环获取唯一 列日期 和 唯一 员工信息
DemoData.map(item => {
if(!dateColumn.includes(item.recorddate)){
dateColumn.push(item.recorddate);
}
if(!employeeList.includes(item.name)){
employeeList.push(item.name);
}
});
//升序排序
dateColumn.sort();
//修改列长度,以免name和workday固定列被替换
this.tableColumn.length = 2;
//追加日期列
this.tableColumn = this.tableColumn.concat(dateColumn.map(item => {
return {
prop: item,
name: item,
width: "100px",
isDate: true
}
}));
}
//end
}
}
</script>
以上代码完成后,日期列则可以正常显示出来了,如下图:
4.8 重组行数据
通过变量employeeList存储的员工信息,遍历查询模拟数据中各自对应的考勤记录,并通过变量dateColumn中存储的日期作为键,存储到对应员工信息中。
<script>
import DemoData from './demo.json'
export default {
data(){
return {
tableData: [],
tableColumn: [
{prop: "name", name: "姓名", width: "80px"},
{prop: "workday", name: "实际到岗/天", width: "100px"},
]
}
},
created() {
this.updateList();
},
methods: {
//加载列表数据
updateList(){
//获取日期列表
let dateColumn = [],
employeeList = [];
//循环获取唯一 列日期 和 唯一 员工信息
DemoData.map(item => {
if(!dateColumn.includes(item.recorddate)){
dateColumn.push(item.recorddate);
}
if(!employeeList.includes(item.name)){
employeeList.push(item.name);
}
});
//升序排序
dateColumn.sort();
//修改列长度,以免name和workday固定列被替换
this.tableColumn.length = 2;
//追加列
this.tableColumn = this.tableColumn.concat(dateColumn.map(item => {
return {
prop: item,
name: item,
width: "100px",
isDate: true
}
}));
//重组员工考勤数据,一行显示考勤记录
this.tableData = employeeList.map(item => {
let nData = {},
tmp = null,
realWorkSize = 0;
//获取对应员工的考勤记录
dateColumn.forEach(key => {
tmp = DemoData.filter(sub => sub.name == item && sub.recorddate == key);
if(tmp.length==1&&tmp[0]['record'].length==2){
//记录考勤数据
nData[key] = tmp[0]['record'][0] + '<br />' + tmp[0]['record'][1];
//保存对应考勤记录的ID
nData['id_'+key] = tmp[0]['id'];
//统计到岗天数
realWorkSize++;
}else{
nData[key] = '-';
}
})
return {
name: item,
workday: realWorkSize,
...nData
}
});
}
//end
}
}
</script>
此时模拟数据中考勤记录都正常显示在页面中了,如下图:
五、自定义右击菜单
此时我们可以来实现自定义右击菜单了,这里只简单讲解下实现方法和步骤,如有实际需求可对此功能进行封装处理,这里先用散装代码实现此功能。
5.1 准备工作
首先引入jquery,并且添加禁用右击菜单的鼠标事件,代码如下:
<script>
import DemoData from './demo.json'
import $ from 'jquery'
//记录是否悬浮在指定单元格上
let isHoverCell = false;
//记录悬浮位置考勤记录对象
let hoverData = null;
//右击菜单Dom对象
let MenuBox = null;
//记录上一个数据的ID,用于判断是否需要新打开一个窗口
let tmpPreId = 0;
export default {
data(){
return {
tableData: [],
tableColumn: [
{prop: "name", name: "姓名", width: "80px"},
{prop: "workday", name: "实际到岗/天", width: "100px"},
]
}
},
created() {
this.updateList();
//右击菜单事件
window.oncontextmenu = function(e){
if(isHoverCell){
//取消默认的浏览器自带右键
e.preventDefault();
}
}
//event end
},
methods: {
//...
//end
}
}
</script>
绑定oncontextmenu事件后,当鼠标悬浮在考勤记录上时,则变量isHoverCell值为true,此时右击禁用则会生效。
5.2 判断鼠标位置
在methods中新建cellAddEvent()函数,将其放到updateList()函数执行结束位置,延迟100秒再执行,以防数据未渲染完jquery无法查询到全部考勤记录的DOM节点。
另外,考勤数据会因增删改查等操作,重新渲染,所以每个单元格绑定事件,也会在重新渲染后被释放,需渲染完后重新绑定事件,故cellAddEvent()函数应放应updateList()函数内执行。
<script>
import DemoData from './demo.json'
import $ from 'jquery'
//记录是否悬浮在指定单元格上
let isHoverCell = false;
//记录悬浮位置考勤记录对象
let hoverData = null;
//右击菜单Dom对象
let MenuBox = null;
//记录上一个数据的ID,用于判断是否需要新打开一个窗口
let tmpPreId = 0;
export default {
data(){
return {
tableData: [],
tableColumn: [
{prop: "name", name: "姓名", width: "80px"},
{prop: "workday", name: "实际到岗/天", width: "100px"},
]
}
},
created() {
this.updateList();
//右击菜单事件
window.oncontextmenu = function(e){
if(isHoverCell){
//取消默认的浏览器自带右键
e.preventDefault();
}
}
//event end
},
methods: {
cellAddEvent(){
let that = this,
propData = "";
//悬浮事件
$('.date-cell').hover(function(){
isHoverCell = true;
let id = $(this).data('id'),
filterData = DemoData.filter(item => item.id == id);
if(filterData.length==1){
hoverData = {
prop: $(this).data('prop'),
data: filterData[0]
}
}
//if end
}, function(){
isHoverCell = false;
hoverData = null;
});
},
//加载列表数据
updateList(){
//获取日期列表
let dateColumn = [],
employeeList = [];
//循环获取唯一 列日期 和 唯一 员工信息
DemoData.map(item => {
if(!dateColumn.includes(item.recorddate)){
dateColumn.push(item.recorddate);
}
if(!employeeList.includes(item.name)){
employeeList.push(item.name);
}
});
//升序排序
dateColumn.sort();
//修改列长度,以免name和workday固定列被替换
this.tableColumn.length = 2;
//追加列
this.tableColumn = this.tableColumn.concat(dateColumn.map(item => {
return {
prop: item,
name: item,
width: "100px",
isDate: true
}
}));
//重组员工考勤数据,一行显示考勤记录
this.tableData = employeeList.map(item => {
let nData = {},
tmp = null,
realWorkSize = 0;
//获取对应员工的考勤记录
dateColumn.forEach(key => {
tmp = DemoData.filter(sub => sub.name == item && sub.recorddate == key);
if(tmp.length==1&&tmp[0]['record'].length==2){
//记录考勤数据
nData[key] = tmp[0]['record'][0] + '<br />' + tmp[0]['record'][1];
//保存对应考勤记录的ID
nData['id_'+key] = tmp[0]['id'];
//统计到岗天数
realWorkSize++;
}else{
nData[key] = '-';
}
})
return {
name: item,
workday: realWorkSize,
...nData
}
});
setTimeout(() => {
this.cellAddEvent();
}, 100);
}
//end
}
}
</script>
此时大家会发现,鼠标在页面其他位置可以正常右击显示默认菜单,但放到考勤记录上时,右击菜单则失效无法显示了。
5.3 添加自定义菜单
当变量isHoverCell为true时,右击执行rightMenuInitial()函数,通过jquery创建菜单容器后,追加到body中。此时右击则能看到删除按钮了。
<script>
import DemoData from './demo.json'
import $ from 'jquery'
//记录是否悬浮在指定单元格上
let isHoverCell = false;
//记录悬浮位置考勤记录对象
let hoverData = null;
//右击菜单Dom对象
let MenuBox = null;
//记录上一个数据的ID,用于判断是否需要新打开一个窗口
let tmpPreId = 0;
export default {
data(){
return {
tableData: [],
tableColumn: [
{prop: "name", name: "姓名", width: "80px"},
{prop: "workday", name: "实际到岗/天", width: "100px"},
]
}
},
created() {
this.updateList();
let that = this;
//右击菜单事件
window.oncontextmenu = function(e){
if(isHoverCell){
//取消默认的浏览器自带右键
e.preventDefault();
that.rightMenuInitial(e);
}
}
//event end
},
methods: {
rightMenuInitial(e){
if(null==hoverData||'undefined'===typeof hoverData.data){
this.$message.info("数据读取失败,刷新后再试~");
return;
}
if(null!=MenuBox) {
//上一个右击区域未变化,则结束后续操作
if(tmpPreId==hoverData.data.id) return;
};
//记录当前ID
tmpPreId = hoverData.data.id;
//创建右击菜单容器
MenuBox = $('<div />').addClass('menu-box');
let that = this,
listData = [
{id: 1, name: "删除", style: "delete"}
],
ulBox = $('<ul />').addClass('list');
//添加列表
MenuBox.append(ulBox);
//循环生成右击菜单列表
for(var i in listData){
ulBox.append($('<li />').text(listData[i]['name']).addClass(listData[i]['style']));
}
//for end
//添加位置
MenuBox.css({
'position': 'absolute',
'left': e.clientX,
'top': e.clientY,
'z-index': 10
});
ulBox.hover(function(){
isHoverCell = true;
}, function(){
isHoverCell = false;
});
ulBox.on('click', 'li.delete', function(){
that.$confirm('确定删除'+ hoverData.data.name + '的' + hoverData.prop+'考勤记录吗?', '提示', {
confirmButtonText: '确定',
cancelButtonText: '取消',
type: 'warning'
}).then(() => {
//查询源数据对应位置,将其删除(这里Demo演示,真实环境需要将删除数据ID传给后台进行操作)
let index = DemoData.indexOf(hoverData.data);
DemoData.splice(index, 1);
that.updateList();
}).catch(() => {
that.$message({
type: 'info',
message: '已取消删除'
});
});
});
//追加到页面中
$('body').append(MenuBox);
},
//...
//end
}
}
</script>
5.4 增加移除菜单功能
增加removeMenuBox()函数,用于在不同情况下,需要移除自定义菜单。代码如下:
<script>
import DemoData from './demo.json'
import $ from 'jquery'
//记录是否悬浮在指定单元格上
let isHoverCell = false;
//记录悬浮位置考勤记录对象
let hoverData = null;
//右击菜单Dom对象
let MenuBox = null;
//记录上一个数据的ID,用于判断是否需要新打开一个窗口
let tmpPreId = 0;
export default {
data(){
return {
tableData: [],
tableColumn: [
{prop: "name", name: "姓名", width: "80px"},
{prop: "workday", name: "实际到岗/天", width: "100px"},
]
}
},
created() {
this.updateList();
let that = this;
//右击菜单事件
window.oncontextmenu = function(e){
if(isHoverCell){
//取消默认的浏览器自带右键
e.preventDefault();
that.rightMenuInitial(e);
}
}
//event end
},
methods: {
removeMenuBox(){
if(!MenuBox) return;
MenuBox.remove();
MenuBox = null;
},
rightMenuInitial(e){
if(null==hoverData||'undefined'===typeof hoverData.data){
this.$message.info("数据读取失败,刷新后再试~");
return;
}
if(null!=MenuBox) {
this.removeMenuBox();
//上一个右击区域未变化,则结束后续操作
if(tmpPreId==hoverData.data.id) return;
};
//记录当前ID
tmpPreId = hoverData.data.id;
//创建右击菜单容器
MenuBox = $('<div />').addClass('menu-box');
let that = this,
listData = [
{id: 1, name: "删除", style: "delete"}
],
ulBox = $('<ul />').addClass('list');
//添加列表
MenuBox.append(ulBox);
//循环生成右击菜单列表
for(var i in listData){
ulBox.append($('<li />').text(listData[i]['name']).addClass(listData[i]['style']));
}
//for end
//添加位置
MenuBox.css({
'position': 'absolute',
'left': e.clientX,
'top': e.clientY,
'z-index': 10
});
//自定义菜单悬浮事件监听
ulBox.hover(function(){
isHoverCell = true;
}, function(){
isHoverCell = false;
});
ulBox.on('click', 'li.delete', function(){
that.$confirm('确定删除'+ hoverData.data.name + '的' + hoverData.prop+'考勤记录吗?', '提示', {
confirmButtonText: '确定',
cancelButtonText: '取消',
type: 'warning'
}).then(() => {
//查询源数据对应位置,将其删除(这里Demo演示,真实环境需要将删除数据ID传给后台进行操作)
let index = DemoData.indexOf(hoverData.data);
DemoData.splice(index, 1);
that.removeMenuBox();
that.updateList();
}).catch(() => {
that.removeMenuBox();
that.$message({
type: 'info',
message: '已取消删除'
});
});
});
//追加到页面中
$('body').append(MenuBox);
},
cellAddEvent(){
let that = this,
propData = "";
//悬浮事件
$('.date-cell').hover(function(){
isHoverCell = true;
let id = $(this).data('id'),
filterData = DemoData.filter(item => item.id == id);
if(filterData.length==1){
hoverData = {
prop: $(this).data('prop'),
data: filterData[0]
}
}
// console.log('id', id);e
//if end
}, function(){
isHoverCell = false;
});
//鼠标移出事件,关闭删除菜单
$(document).off('click').on('click', function(){
if(!isHoverCell&&null!=MenuBox){
that.removeMenuBox();
}
});
},
//加载列表数据
updateList(){
//获取日期列表
let dateColumn = [],
employeeList = [];
//循环获取唯一 列日期 和 唯一 员工信息
DemoData.map(item => {
if(!dateColumn.includes(item.recorddate)){
dateColumn.push(item.recorddate);
}
if(!employeeList.includes(item.name)){
employeeList.push(item.name);
}
});
//升序排序
dateColumn.sort();
//修改列长度,以免name和workday固定列被替换
this.tableColumn.length = 2;
//追加列
this.tableColumn = this.tableColumn.concat(dateColumn.map(item => {
return {
prop: item,
name: item,
width: "100px",
isDate: true
}
}));
//重组员工考勤数据,一行显示考勤记录
this.tableData = employeeList.map(item => {
let nData = {},
tmp = null,
realWorkSize = 0;
//获取对应员工的考勤记录
dateColumn.forEach(key => {
tmp = DemoData.filter(sub => sub.name == item && sub.recorddate == key);
if(tmp.length==1&&tmp[0]['record'].length==2){
//记录考勤数据
nData[key] = tmp[0]['record'][0] + '<br />' + tmp[0]['record'][1];
//保存对应考勤记录的ID
nData['id_'+key] = tmp[0]['id'];
//统计到岗天数
realWorkSize++;
}else{
nData[key] = '-';
}
})
return {
name: item,
workday: realWorkSize,
...nData
}
});
setTimeout(() => {
this.cellAddEvent();
}, 100);
}
//end
}
}
</script>
5.5 追加菜单内容
在自定义右击菜单时,已预留了增加更多菜单项位置,如下代码,在变量listData中添加菜单内容即可。
rightMenuInitial(e){
if(null==hoverData||'undefined'===typeof hoverData.data){
this.$message.info("数据读取失败,刷新后再试~");
return;
}
if(null!=MenuBox) {
this.removeMenuBox();
//上一个右击区域未变化,则结束后续操作
if(tmpPreId==hoverData.data.id) return;
};
//记录当前ID
tmpPreId = hoverData.data.id;
//创建右击菜单容器
MenuBox = $('<div />').addClass('menu-box');
let that = this,
listData = [
{id: 1, name: "编辑", style: "edit"},
{id: 2, name: "删除", style: "delete"}
],
ulBox = $('<ul />').addClass('list');
//...
}
如下图,右击时自定义菜单中则出现“编辑”项了,这块功能这里就不作详解,大家可以自行操作。这里就简单讲解下自定义右击菜单和删除功能,仅供大家参考,如有不足之处请见谅!
到此这篇关于Vue实现自定义右击删除菜单的示例的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Vue 右击删除菜单内容请搜索编程网以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持编程网!