Condition是在Spring 4.0 增加的条件判断功能,通过这个可以功能可以实现选择性的创建 Bean操作。
思考:
SpringBoot是如何知道要创建哪个Bean的?比如SpringBoot是如何知道要创建RedisTemplate的?
看一个例子:
当我们没导入redis-start时,会报错
引出问题
Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'redisTemplate' available
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinition(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:874)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1358)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:309)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:208)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1154)
at com.example.condition.SpringbootDemo01Application.main(SpringbootDemo01Application.java:13)
当导入redis起步依赖后
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate@5a6d5a8f
问题:
SpringBoot是怎么知道我们导入redis坐标的呢?
案例一
需求:
在 Spring 的 IOC 容器中有一个 User 的 Bean,现要求:
通过condition设置加载或者不加载。
新建实体类:
package com.example.condition.entity;
public class User {
}
新建配置文件:
package com.example.condition.config;
import com.example.condition.condition.ClassCondition;
import com.example.condition.entity.User;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Conditional;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class UserConfig {
@Bean
@Conditional(ClassCondition.class)
public User user(){
return new User();
}
}
新建condition:
如果为true则加载,如果为false则不加载
package com.example.condition.condition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Condition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionContext;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotatedTypeMetadata;
public class ClassCondition implements Condition {
@Override
public boolean matches(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {
return true;
}
}
测试:
package com.example.condition;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootDemo01Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//启动SpringBoot应用,返回Spring的IOC容器
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(SpringbootDemo01Application.class, args);
Object user = context.getBean("user");
System.out.println(user);
}
}
案例二
需求:
在 Spring 的 IOC 容器中有一个 User 的 Bean,现要求:
导入Jedis坐标后,加载该Bean,没导入,则不加载。
新建User实体类:
package com.example.condition.entity;
public class User {
}
新建配置文件:
package com.example.condition.config;
import com.example.condition.condition.ClassCondition;
import com.example.condition.entity.User;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Conditional;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class UserConfig {
@Bean
@Conditional(ClassCondition.class)
public User user(){
return new User();
}
}
condition通过反射判断jedis是否已经加载完毕
package com.example.condition.condition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Condition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionContext;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotatedTypeMetadata;
public class ClassCondition implements Condition {
@Override
public boolean matches(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {
boolean flag =true;
try {
Class<?> cls = Class.forName("redis.clients.jedis.Jedis");
}catch (ClassNotFoundException e){
flag =false;
}
return flag;
}
}
测试类:
package com.example.condition;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootDemo01Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//启动SpringBoot应用,返回Spring的IOC容器
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(SpringbootDemo01Application.class, args);
Object user = context.getBean("user");
System.out.println(user);
}
}
引入jedis进行测试判断:
<dependency>
<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
<version>3.6.0</version>
</dependency>
案例三
需求:
在 Spring 的 IOC 容器中有一个 User 的 Bean,现要求:
- 导入Jedis坐标后,加载该Bean,没导入,则不加载。
- 将类的判断定义为动态的。判断哪个字节码文件存在可以动态指定。
实体类:
package com.example.condition.entity;
public class User {
}
自定义注解:
package com.example.condition.condition;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Conditional;import java.lang.annotation.*;@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@Documented@Conditional(ClassCondition.class)public @interface ConditionOnClass { String[] value();}
Condition类:
package com.example.condition.condition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Conditional;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Conditional(ClassCondition.class)
public @interface ConditionOnClass {
String[] value();
}
配置类:
package com.example.condition.condition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Condition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionContext;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotatedTypeMetadata;
import java.util.Map;
public class ClassCondition implements Condition {
@Override
public boolean matches(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {
Environment environment = context.getEnvironment();
//1.需求:导入指定坐标后创建Bean
//思路:判断指定坐标文件是否存在
//获取注解属性值 value
Map<String, Object> map = metadata.getAnnotationAttributes(ConditionOnClass.class.getName());
String[] value = (String[]) map.get("value");
boolean flag = true;
try {
for (String className : value) {
Class<?> cls = Class.forName(className);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
flag = false;
}
return flag;
}
}
测试类:
package com.example.condition;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootDemo01Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//启动SpringBoot应用,返回Spring的IOC容器
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(SpringbootDemo01Application.class, args);
Object user = context.getBean("user");
System.out.println(user);
}
}
总结
自定义条件:
① 定义条件类:自定义类实现Condition接口,重写 matches 方法,在 matches 方法中进行逻辑判断,返回 boolean值 。 matches 方法两个参数:
- context:上下文对象,可以获取属性值,获取类加载器,获取BeanFactory等。
- metadata:元数据对象,用于获取注解属性。
② 判断条件:在初始化Bean时,使用 @Conditional(条件类.class)注解
SpringBoot 提供的常用条件注解:
- ConditionalOnProperty:判断配置文件中是否有对应属性和值才初始化Bean
@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "com",havingValue = "example")
public User user1(){
return new User();
}
配置文件添加一下属性:
com = example
- ConditionalOnClass:判断环境中是否有对应字节码文件才初始化Bean
- ConditionalOnMissingBean:判断环境中没有对应Bean才初始化Bean
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