最初的声明方式
在没有@property修饰的情况下,需要分别声明get、set、delete函数,然后初始化property类,将这些方法加载进property中
class C持有property的实例化对象x
对外表现出来C().x时,实际上是调用C()中的x(property类)中设置的fset,fget,fdel,分别对应getx,setx,delx
C真正持有的x,是self._x被隐藏起来了
class C(object):
def getx(self):
return self._x
def setx(self, value):
self._x = value
def delx(self):
del self._x
x = property(getx, setx, delx, "I'm the 'x' property.")
property类 结合x = property(getx, setx, delx, "I'm the 'x' property.")
与property的__init__()
可以发现property接受四个参数
fget,用于获取属性值,
fset,用于设置属性值
fdel,用于删除属性
doc,属性的介绍
可以单独设置fget、fset、fdel…
x = property,x.getter(getx),x.setter(setx),x.deleter(delx)
class property(object):
def deleter(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Descriptor to change the deleter on a property. """
pass
def getter(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Descriptor to change the getter on a property. """
pass
def setter(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Descriptor to change the setter on a property. """
pass
def __delete__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Delete an attribute of instance. """
pass
def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return getattr(self, name). """
pass
def __get__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return an attribute of instance, which is of type owner. """
pass
def __init__(self, fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc=None): # known special case of
pass
使用装饰器的声明方式
需要注意,装饰器只是一个python的语法糖,可以拆解成普通使用方法,如property(getx)
@property
创建了一个实例x,对于def x(self)
实际上是C类持有x = property(fget=x)
因此,x.setter
方法指向的是property.setter
,也是起到装饰器效果x.setter(x)
(注意,前者x是property实例x,后者x是def x(self, value)
函数),x.deleter
同理
class C(object):
@property
def x(self):
"I am the 'x' property."
return self._x
@x.setter
def x(self, value):
self._x = value
@x.deleter
def x(self):
del self._x
为什么property实例化后的名字与属性名一致?
换种问法就是为什么x = property(...)
可以认为是
attributes_and_methods = {
x.__name__: property(x), //声明C类持有property实例
#...
}
C = type('C', (object,), attributes_and_methods)
使用装饰器的调用过程
执行C().x时,调用的是C().x(property)绑定的fget方法,用过__get__
唤醒,setter、deleter同理
class property(object):
#...
def __init__(self, fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc=None):
self.fget = fget
self.fset = fset
self.fdel = fdel
...
def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None): # real signature unknown
if obj is None:
return self
if self.fget is None:
raise AttributeError("unreadable attribute")
return self.fget(obj)
总结
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