我想每个写项目的人，都肯定会遇到控制权限这个问题.
例如这个这个链接只能管理员访问，那个链接丫只能超级管理员访问等等，实现方式也有多种多样，控制的粒度也不一样。
以前刚学的时候，不会框架，大都是手写注解+过滤器来进行权限的控制，但这样增加了过滤器的负担。用起来也会稍微有些麻烦，粒度不太好控制。用框架的话，就是封装了更多的操作，让一切更简单吧。当然不局限于Security，还有像Shiro安全框架，这两种非常常见。
一起加油吧！！！?
下面就开始吧！！！?
一、前言
介绍：
Spring Security是一个能够为基于Spring的企业应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制解决方案的安全框架。它提供了一组可以在Spring应用上下文中配置的Bean，充分利用了Spring IoC，DI（控制反转Inversion of Control ,DI:Dependency Injection 依赖注入）和AOP（面向切面编程）功能，为应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制功能，减少了为企业系统安全控制编写大量重复代码的工作。
官网：
- SpringSecurity 最新
- SpringSecurity 5.0.6版本
优缺点：
优点
- Spring Boot 官方提供了大量的非常方便的开箱即用的 Starter ，包括 Spring Security 的 Starter ，使得在 Spring Boot 中使用 Spring Security 变得更加容易。
- Spring Security功能强大，比较好用。
缺点
- Spring Security 是一个重量级的安全管理框架
- Spring Security概念复杂，配置繁琐（这个确实，没法逃开）
案例：
我们在访问一个网站时，大都都会设置普通用户能有的权限，然后管理员有的权限，再就是超级管理员等等，这次就是实现这样一个案例。
项目结构：
二、环境准备
2.1、数据库表
CREATE TABLE `account` (
`id` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(25) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
`role` varchar(25) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 5 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
INSERT INTO `account` VALUES (1, 'user', '$2a$10$1MHNdZS.oCICxLRVbnNBZe4CRn9Rk1MVQhasSMhHr0G4BCNQjPpna', 'ROLE_USER');
INSERT INTO `account` VALUES (2, 'admin', '$2a$10$dKkrkgVzaCPX74TvxOjwNuFJjIRJeAuDPKFntwNwRvRHkwIAHV5Q6', 'ROLE_ADMIN');
INSERT INTO `account` VALUES (3, 'super_admin', '$2a$10$CqOXnSp6oks9UTvsops4U.0vMGbUE2Bp28xKaPmlug4W8Mk59Sj8y', 'ROLE_SUPER_ADMIN');
INSERT INTO `account` VALUES (4, 'test', '$2a$10$SQsuH1XfxHdsVmf2nE75wOAE6GHm1nd/xDp/08KYJmtbzJt2J6xIG', 'TEST');
2.2、导入依赖
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>3.4.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
<version>0.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<!--java版本太高 向下兼容的包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2.3、配置文件
# 应用名称
spring.application.name=demo
# 应用服务 WEB 访问端口
server.port=8080
spring.datasource.name=defaultDataSource
# 数据库连接地址
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/security?serverTimezone=UTC
# 数据库用户名&密码：
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123456
mybatis-plus.mapper-locations=classpath:mapper*.xml
logging.level.com.crush.security.mapper=DEBUG
# token 存活时间
token.expire=3600000
token.key=123456
2.4、WebSecurityConfig Security的主要配置类：
import com.crush.security.auth.filter.JwtAuthenticationFilter;
import com.crush.security.auth.filter.JwtAuthorizationFilter;
import com.crush.security.auth.handle.MacLoginUrlAuthenticationEntryPoint;
import com.crush.security.auth.handle.MyAccessDeniedHandler;
import com.crush.security.auth.handle.MyLogoutSuccessHandler;
import com.crush.security.auth.service.UserDetailServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.WebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
//启用全局配置
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
private final String[] PATH_RELEASE = {
"/login",
"/all"
};
@Autowired
private UserDetailServiceImpl userDetailService;
@Autowired
private MacLoginUrlAuthenticationEntryPoint macLoginUrlAuthenticationEntryPoint;
@Autowired
private MyAccessDeniedHandler myAccessDeniedHandler;
@Autowired
private MyLogoutSuccessHandler myLogoutSuccessHandler;
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.cors().and().csrf().disable();
http.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers(PATH_RELEASE).permitAll()
.anyRequest()
.authenticated()
.and().formLogin().permitAll()
.and().exceptionHandling()
.authenticationEntryPoint(macLoginUrlAuthenticationEntryPoint)
.accessDeniedHandler(myAccessDeniedHandler)
.and().logout().logoutSuccessHandler(myLogoutSuccessHandler)
.and().addFilter(new JwtAuthenticationFilter(authenticationManager()))
.addFilter(new JwtAuthorizationFilter(authenticationManager()))
.sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);
}
@Override
public void configure(WebSecurity web) throws Exception {
super.configure(web);
}
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.userDetailsService(userDetailService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
}
@Bean
PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
}
2.5、Security身份验证
import com.crush.security.entity.MyUser;
import com.crush.security.utils.JwtTokenUtils;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
public class JwtAuthenticationFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter {
private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
public JwtAuthenticationFilter(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager) {
this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager;
}
@Override
public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {
//输入流中获取到登录的信息
try {
MyUser loginUser = new ObjectMapper().readValue(request.getInputStream(), MyUser.class);
logger.info("loginUser===>" + loginUser);
return authenticationManager.authenticate(
new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(loginUser.getUsername(), loginUser.getPassword(), new ArrayList<>())
);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
@Override
protected void successfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain,
Authentication authResult) throws IOException, ServletException {
// 查看源代码会发现调用getPrincipal()方法会返回一个实现了`UserDetails`接口的对象
// 所以就是JwtUser啦
MyUser user = (MyUser) authResult.getPrincipal();
String role = "";
// 因为在JwtUser中存了权限信息，可以直接获取，由于只有一个角色就这么干了
Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities = user.getAuthorities();
for (GrantedAuthority authority : authorities) {
role = authority.getAuthority();
}
// 根据用户名，角色创建token并返回json信息
String token = JwtTokenUtils.createToken(user.getUsername(), role, false);
user.setPassword(null);
user.setToken(JwtTokenUtils.TOKEN_PREFIX + token);
response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
response.setHeader("token", JwtTokenUtils.TOKEN_PREFIX + token);
response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
writer.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(user));
}
@Override
protected void unsuccessfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException failed) throws IOException, ServletException {
response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
writer.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString( "登录失败，账号或密码错误"));
}
}
2.6、Security授权
import com.crush.security.utils.JwtTokenUtils;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.www.BasicAuthenticationFilter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Collections;
public class JwtAuthorizationFilter extends BasicAuthenticationFilter {
public JwtAuthorizationFilter(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager) {
super(authenticationManager);
}
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
String tokenHeader = request.getHeader(JwtTokenUtils.TOKEN_HEADER);
// 如果请求头中没有Authorization信息则直接放行了
if (tokenHeader == null || !tokenHeader.startsWith(JwtTokenUtils.TOKEN_PREFIX)) {
chain.doFilter(request, response);
return;
}
// 如果请求头中有token，则进行解析，并且设置认证信息
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(getAuthentication(tokenHeader));
super.doFilterInternal(request, response, chain);
}
private UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken getAuthentication(String tokenHeader) {
String token = tokenHeader.replace(JwtTokenUtils.TOKEN_PREFIX, "");
String username = JwtTokenUtils.getUsername(token.trim());
String role = JwtTokenUtils.getUserRole(token);
if (username != null) {
return new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, null,
Collections.singleton(new SimpleGrantedAuthority(role))
);
}
return null;
}
}
2.7、UserDetailsService
UserDetailServiceImpl 实现了UserDetailsService,用来加载用户特定数据的核心接口。
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.crush.security.entity.MyUser;
import com.crush.security.service.IMyUserService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Slf4j
@Service
public class UserDetailServiceImpl implements UserDetailsService {
final
IMyUserService userService;
public UserDetailServiceImpl(IMyUserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
@Override
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
MyUser user = userService.getOne(new QueryWrapper<MyUser>().eq("username", username));
return user;
}
}
2.7、MacLoginUrlAuthenticationEntryPoint
@Component
public class MacLoginUrlAuthenticationEntryPoint implements AuthenticationEntryPoint {
@Override
public void commence(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, AuthenticationException e) throws IOException, ServletException {
httpServletResponse.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
httpServletResponse.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter writer = httpServletResponse.getWriter();
writer.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString("未登录！"));
}
}
2.8、MyAccessDeniedHandler
@Component
public class MyAccessDeniedHandler implements AccessDeniedHandler {
@Override
public void handle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, AccessDeniedException e) throws IOException, ServletException {
httpServletResponse.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
httpServletResponse.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
PrintWriter writer = httpServletResponse.getWriter();
writer.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString("不好意思，你的权限不足！"));
}
}
2.9、MyLogoutSuccessHandler
@Component
public class MyLogoutSuccessHandler implements LogoutSuccessHandler {
@Override
public void onLogoutSuccess(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Authentication authentication) throws IOException, ServletException {
httpServletResponse.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
httpServletResponse.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter writer = httpServletResponse.getWriter();
writer.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString( "退出成功"));
}
}
2.10、JWT的工具类
生成token
package com.crush.security.utils;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.ExpiredJwtException;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
public class JwtTokenUtils {
public static final String TOKEN_HEADER = "Authorization";
public static final String TOKEN_PREFIX = "Bearer ";
private static final String SECRET = "jwtsecretdemo";
private static final String ISS = "echisan";
private static final long EXPIRATION = 3600L;
private static final long EXPIRATION_REMEMBER = 604800L;
// 添加角色的key
private static final String ROLE_CLAIMS = "rol";
public static String createToken(String username, String role, boolean isRememberMe) {
String token = null;
try {
long expiration = isRememberMe ? EXPIRATION_REMEMBER : EXPIRATION;
HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put(ROLE_CLAIMS, role);
token = Jwts.builder()
.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, SECRET)
// 这里要早set一点，放到后面会覆盖别的字段
.setClaims(map)
.setIssuer(ISS)
.setSubject(username)
.setIssuedAt(new Date())
.setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expiration * 1000))
.compact();
} catch (ExpiredJwtException e) {
e.getClaims();
}
return token;
}
public static String getUsername(String token) {
return getTokenBody(token).getSubject();
}
public static String getUserRole(String token) {
return (String) getTokenBody(token).get(ROLE_CLAIMS);
}
public static boolean isExpiration(String token) {
return getTokenBody(token).getExpiration().before(new Date());
}
private static Claims getTokenBody(String token) {
return Jwts.parser()
.setSigningKey(SECRET)
.parseClaimsJws(token)
.getBody();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
BCryptPasswordEncoder encoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
String user = encoder.encode("test");
System.out.println(user);
}
}
弄完上面这些，相关配置就都搞定了，剩下就是最简单的编码啦。
三、代码 entity
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
@TableName("account")
public class MyUser implements Serializable, UserDetails {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private int id;
private String username;
private String password;
// 1:启用 ， 0：禁用
@TableField(exist = false)
private Integer enabled = 1;
// 1：锁住 ， 0：未锁
@TableField(exist = false)
private Integer locked = 0;
private String role;
@TableField(exist = false)
private String token;
//授权
@Override
public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<>();
SimpleGrantedAuthority authority = new SimpleGrantedAuthority(role);
authorities.add(authority);
return authorities;
}
@Override
public boolean isAccountNonExpired() { return true; }
@Override
public boolean isAccountNonLocked() { return locked == 0; }
@Override
public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() { return true; }
@Override
public boolean isEnabled() { return enabled == 1; }
}
mapper
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
import com.crush.security.entity.MyUser;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public interface MyUserMapper extends BaseMapper<MyUser> {}
service、impl
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService;
import com.crush.security.entity.MyUser;
public interface IMyUserService extends IService<MyUser> {
}
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import com.crush.security.entity.MyUser;
import com.crush.security.mapper.MyUserMapper;
import com.crush.security.service.IMyUserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class MyUserServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<MyUserMapper, MyUser> implements IMyUserService {
}
controller
package com.crush.security.controller;
import org.springframework.security.access.prepost.PreAuthorize;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("/all")
String all() {
return "在WebSecurityConfig中配置了放行，任何人都可以进行访问";
}
@PreAuthorize("permitAll()")
@RequestMapping("/test")
String test() {
return "所有登录的人都可以访问";
}
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('USER')")
@RequestMapping("/user/userList")
String userList() {
return "role: user";
}
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
@RequestMapping("/admin/updateUser")
String updateUser() {
return "role: admin";
}
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('SUPER_ADMIN')")
@RequestMapping("/admin/superAdmin")
String superAdmin() {
return "role: superAdmin";
}
@PreAuthorize("hasAnyRole('ADMIN','USER')")
@RequestMapping("/userAndAdmin")
String userAndAdminTest() {
return "role: admin and user";
}
@PreAuthorize("hasAnyRole('ADMIN')or hasAnyRole('SUPER_ADMIN')")
@RequestMapping("/AdminAndSuperAdminTest")
String AdminAndSuperAdminTest() {
return "role: admin and super_admin";
}
// hasAnyAuthority() 也是可以多个字符串 权限验证，可以不跟ROLE_前缀
@PreAuthorize("hasAuthority('TEST') ")
@RequestMapping("/ceshi2")
String ceshi2() {
return "hasAuthority：权限验证，不过查的也是role那个字段，不过不用拼接上ROLE而已";
}
}
四、测试
注:我使用的测试工具是Postman,另外login接口接收的数据是需要JSON类型的。
1）登录
注意这里的token，我们是需要把他记住，下次去请求要携带上。
2）测试管理员
3）测试hasAnyAuthority （）注解
hasAnyAuthority() 也是可以多个字符串 权限验证，可以不跟ROLE_前缀
五、总结
Security框架和SpringBoot集成，其实上手特别快，但是如果要想研究的比较深刻的话，我觉得是比较困难的，上文讲过，security是属于一个重量级的框架，里面很多东西特别多。使用方面肯定是没有任何问题的。
你卷我卷，大家卷，什么时候这条路才是个头啊。?（还是直接上天吧)
有时候也想停下来歇一歇，一直做一个事情，感觉挺难坚持的。?
你好，如果你正巧看到这篇文章，并且觉得对你有益的话，就给个赞吧，让我感受一下分享的喜悦吧，蟹蟹。?
如若有写的有误的地方，也请大家不啬赐教！！
同样如若有存在疑惑的地方，请留言或私信，定会在第一时间回复你。
持续更新中
源码链接：Gitee
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