keepalived 1.3.5的常见配置是什么以及常见问题的解决方法，很多新手对此不是很清楚，为了帮助大家解决这个难题，下面小编将为大家详细讲解，有这方面需求的人可以来学习下，希望你能有所收获。
1. keepalived配置及说明
1.1 安装
[root@mysql01 keepalived] tar -zxvf keepalived-1.3.5.tar.gz
[root@mysql01 keepalived] cd keepalived-1.3.5/
[root@mysql01 keepalived] ./configure --help|grep prefix
[root@mysql01 keepalived] ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
[root@mysql01 keepalived] make && make install
[root@mysql01 keepalived] cd /usr/local/keepalived
[root@mysql02 keepalived]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
[root@mysql01 keepalived]# cp etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
如果是Linux 6还需要拷贝下面文件：
[root@mysql01 keepalived] cp /tmp/keepalived-1.3.2/keepalived/etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/
1.2 修改keepalived日志输出
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service
# 确认下面两个变量指向正确的可执行keepalived
EnvironmentFile
ExecStart
vi /etc/sysconfig/keepalived
修改keepalived日志输出设备为0号设备，并修改系统日志程序0号输出设备输出文件，以及添加dump配置文件数据。
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS="-D -d -S 0"
# 修改keepalived使用0号日志输出设备，并单独输出日志到指定文件。
vi /etc/rsyslog.conf
local0.* /usr/local/keepalived/log/keepalived.log
1.3 修改keepalived配置文件
# 编辑keepalived配置文件，配置vip以及服务监测，通知脚本等模块。
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
vrrp_script check_run {
script "/etc/keepalived/scripts/keepalived_check_mysql.sh"
interval 30
weight 0
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
nopreempt
interface team0 # 网卡，根据实际情况填写
virtual_router_id 88 # 主备机器id必须相同，不同vrrp_instance需要不同。
priority 101
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.204.88 # 虚拟IP
}
track_script {
check_run
}
notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/notify_master.sh
}
1.4 keepalived.conf说明
l Notify scripts
that are run when a vrrp instance or vrrp group
changes state, or a virtual server quorum changes between up and down.
# global script_user and script_group to MASTER transition
notify_master /path/to_master.sh [username [groupname]]
l vrrp tracking scripts
that will cause vrrp instances to go down it
they exit a non-zero exist status, or if a weight is specified will add
or subtract the weight to/from the priority of that vrrp instance.
l nopreempt
A higher priority VRRP instance will normally preempt a lower priority instance
when it comes online. "nopreempt" stops the higher priority machine taking
over the master role, and allows the lower priority machine to remain as
master.
NOTE: For this to work, the initial state must not be MASTER.
1.5 启动keepalived
启用keepalived服务，启动keepalived服务：
systemctl enable keepalived
systemctl start keepalived
2. 问题
2.1 not a regular non-executable file
l 现象
[root@mysql01 ~]# systemctl status keepalived.serviceMay 7 17:12:51 mysql01 Keepalived[5467]: Configuration file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf' is not a regular non-executable filel 原因
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf文件权限不是664。l 解决
修改/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf权限为664即可。2.2 Cannot find an IP address to use for interface
l 现象
[root@mysql01 ~]# systemctl status keepalived.serviceMay 07 17:41:14 mysql01 Keepalived_vrrp[9448]: (VI_1): Cannot find an IP address to use for interface enp0s9l 原因
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf配置文件中interface模块，网卡上没有IP地址，l 解决
可以通过添加临时IP来解决，或者在keepalived版本2.0.5之后添加dynamic_interfaces
[root@mysql01 ~]# ifconfig eth2 172.16.20.101/16 up
eth2配置IP，因为如果接口没有IP，keepalived将以FAULT状态启动，keepalived 2.0.5以上版本,只需将dynamic_interfaces添加到global_defs即可
2.3 NetworkManager导致keepalived无法启动
l 现象
[root@mysql01 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages
May 7 11:07:15 mysql01 Keepalived[8755]: daemon is already running
May 7 11:07:15 mysql01 systemd: PID file /usr/local/var/run/keepalived.pid not readable (yet?) after start.
May 7 11:08:45 mysql01 systemd: keepalived.service start operation timed out. Terminating.
May 7 11:08:45 mysql01 systemd: Failed to start LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor.
May 7 11:08:45 mysql01 systemd: Unit keepalived.service entered failed state.
May 7 11:08:45 mysql01 systemd: keepalived.service failed.
l 原因
NetworkManager自动管理网络，keepalived使用虚拟IP无法绑定到指定接口，日志中报错又无法定位原因，提前关闭NetworkManager，手工设置网卡ip地址即可。
l 解决
[root@mysql01 ~]# systemctl disable NetworkManager
[root@mysql01 ~]# systemctl stop NetworkManager
2.4 VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Now in FAULT state
l 现象
[mysql@mysql01 65mysql]$ sudo systemctl status keepalived
May 07 19:06:08 mysql01 Keepalived_vrrp[16144]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
May 07 19:06:08 mysql01 Keepalived_vrrp[16144]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(4), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)]
May 07 19:06:12 mysql01 Keepalived_vrrp[16144]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Now in FAULT state
l 原因
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf配置文件vrrp_script模块脚本未检查，返回总是非0错误值，导致keepalived状态一直无法完成初始化，无法绑定vip。
l 解决
修正脚本错误，重启keepalived。
2.5 failed because a timeout was exceeded
●现象
[mysql@mysql02 keepalived]$ sudo systemctl status keepalived
keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed (Result: timeout) since Thu 2020-05-07 20:44:08 CST; 14min ago
Process: 31073 ExecStart=/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Tasks: 6
CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
├─ 2687 /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -D -d -S 0
├─ 2688 /bin/bash /etc/keepalived/scripts/keepalived_check_mysql.sh
├─ 2815 sleep 2
├─25921 /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -D -d -S 0
├─25922 /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -D -d -S 0
└─25923 /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -D -d -S 0
May 07 20:42:38 mysql02 systemd[1]: Starting LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor...
May 07 20:42:38 mysql02 systemd[1]: PID file /var/run/keepalived.pid not readable (yet?) after start.
May 07 20:44:08 mysql02 systemd[1]: keepalived.service start operation timed out. Terminating.
May 07 20:44:08 mysql02 systemd[1]: Failed to start LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor.
May 07 20:44:08 mysql02 systemd[1]: Unit keepalived.service entered failed state.
May 07 20:44:08 mysql02 systemd[1]: keepalived.service failed.
[mysql@mysql02 keepalived]$ sudo systemctl start keepalived
Job for keepalived.service failed because a timeout was exceeded. See "systemctl status keepalived.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
l 原因
原来keepalived程序运行不正常，无法继续，systemctl restart keepalived已经无法正确重启keepalived。
l 解决
[mysql@mysql02 ~]$ ps -ef|grep keepalived
kill掉所有keepalived进程，重启keepalived
[mysql@mysql02 ~]$ sudo systemctl restart keepalived.service
[mysql@mysql02 ~]$ sudo systemctl status keepalived.service
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