使用JWT进行认证
JSON Web Tokens (JWT) are a more modern approach to authentication.
As the web moves to a greater separation between the client and server, JWT provides a wonderful alternative to traditional cookie based authentication models.
JWTs provide a way for clients to authenticate every request without having to maintain a session or repeatedly pass login credentials to the server.
用户注册之后, 服务器生成一个 JWT token返回给浏览器, 浏览器向服务器请求数据时将 JWT token 发给服务器, 服务器用 signature 中定义的方式解码
JWT 获取用户信息.
一个 JWT token包含3部分:
1 header: 告诉我们使用的算法和 token 类型
2 Payload: 必须使用 sub key 来指定用户 ID, 还可以包括其他信息比如 email, username 等.
3 Signature: 用来保证 JWT 的真实性. 可以使用不同算法
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"log"
"net/http"
"strings"
"time"
"github.com/codegangsta/negroni"
"github.com/dgrijalva/jwt-go"
"github.com/dgrijalva/jwt-go/request"
)
const (
SecretKey = "welcome ---------"
)
func fatal(err error) {
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
type UserCredentials struct {
Username string `json:"username"`
Password string `json:"password"`
}
type User struct {
ID int `json:"id"`
Name string `json:"name"`
Username string `json:"username"`
Password string `json:"password"`
}
type Response struct {
Data string `json:"data"`
}
type Token struct {
Token string `json:"token"`
}
func StartServer() {
http.HandleFunc("/login", LoginHandler)
http.Handle("/resource", negroni.New(
negroni.HandlerFunc(ValidateTokenMiddleware),
negroni.Wrap(http.HandlerFunc(ProtectedHandler)),
))
log.Println("Now listening...")
http.ListenAndServe(":8087", nil)
}
func main() {
StartServer()
}
func ProtectedHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
response := Response{"Gained access to protected resource"}
JsonResponse(response, w)
}
func LoginHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
var user UserCredentials
err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&user)
if err != nil {
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
fmt.Fprint(w, "Error in request")
return
}
if strings.ToLower(user.Username) != "someone" {
if user.Password != "p@ssword" {
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
fmt.Println("Error logging in")
fmt.Fprint(w, "Invalid credentials")
return
}
}
token := jwt.New(jwt.SigningMethodHS256)
claims := make(jwt.MapClaims)
claims["exp"] = time.Now().Add(time.Hour * time.Duration(1)).Unix()
claims["iat"] = time.Now().Unix()
token.Claims = claims
if err != nil {
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
fmt.Fprintln(w, "Error extracting the key")
fatal(err)
}
tokenString, err := token.SignedString([]byte(SecretKey))
if err != nil {
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
fmt.Fprintln(w, "Error while signing the token")
fatal(err)
}
response := Token{tokenString}
JsonResponse(response, w)
}
func ValidateTokenMiddleware(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next http.HandlerFunc) {
token, err := request.ParseFromRequest(r, request.AuthorizationHeaderExtractor,
func(token *jwt.Token) (interface{}, error) {
return []byte(SecretKey), nil
})
if err == nil {
if token.Valid {
next(w, r)
} else {
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
fmt.Fprint(w, "Token is not valid")
}
} else {
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
fmt.Fprint(w, "Unauthorized access to this resource")
}
}
func JsonResponse(response interface{}, w http.ResponseWriter) {
json, err := json.Marshal(response)
if err != nil {
http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
return
}
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
w.Write(json)
}
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