文章介绍4种方法，简单易懂，通过4个demo抛砖引玉。
在子线程中通过join()方法指定顺序
通过join()方法使当前线程“阻塞”，等待指定线程执行完毕后继续执行。举例：在线程thread2中，加上一句thread1.join()，其意义在于，当前线程2运行到此行代码时会进入阻塞状态，直到线程thread1执行完毕后，线程thread2才会继续运行，这就保证了线程thread1与线程thread2的运行顺序。
public class ThreadJoinDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("打开冰箱！");
}
});
final Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
thread1.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("拿出一瓶牛奶！");
}
});
final Thread thread3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
thread2.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("关上冰箱！");
}
});
//下面三行代码顺序可随意调整，程序运行结果不受影响，因为我们在子线程中通过“join()方法”已经指定了运行顺序。
thread3.start();
thread2.start();
thread1.start();
}
}
运行结果：
打开冰箱！
拿出一瓶牛奶！
关上冰箱！
在主线程中通过join()方法指定顺序
简单说一下子线程与主线程的区别，子线程指的是发生在Thread内部的代码，主线程指的是发生在main函数中的代码，我们可以在main函数中通过join()方法让主线程阻塞等待以达到指定顺序执行的目的。
public class ThreadMainJoinDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("打开冰箱！");
}
});
final Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("拿出一瓶牛奶！");
}
});
final Thread thread3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("关上冰箱！");
}
});
thread1.start();
thread1.join();
thread2.start();
thread2.join();
thread3.start();
}
}
输出结果：
打开冰箱！
拿出一瓶牛奶！
关上冰箱！
通过倒数计时器CountDownLatch实现
CountDownLatch通过计数器提供了更灵活的控制，只要检测到计数器为0当前线程就可以往下执行而不用管相应的thread是否执行完毕。
public class ThreadCountDownLatchDemo {
private static CountDownLatch countDownLatch1 = new CountDownLatch(1);
private static CountDownLatch countDownLatch2 = new CountDownLatch(1);
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("打开冰箱！");
countDownLatch1.countDown();
}
});
final Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
countDownLatch1.await();
System.out.println("拿出一瓶牛奶！");
countDownLatch2.countDown();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
final Thread thread3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
countDownLatch2.await();
System.out.println("关上冰箱！");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
//下面三行代码顺序可随意调整，程序运行结果不受影响
thread3.start();
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
}
}
输出结果：
打开冰箱！
拿出一瓶牛奶！
关上冰箱！
通过创建单一化线程池newSingleThreadExecutor()实现
单线程化线程池(newSingleThreadExecutor)的优点，串行执行所有任务。
public class ThreadPoolDemo {
static ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("打开冰箱！");
}
});
final Thread thread2 =new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("拿出一瓶牛奶！");
}
});
final Thread thread3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("关上冰箱！");
}
});
executorService.submit(thread1);
executorService.submit(thread2);
executorService.submit(thread3);
executorService.shutdown(); //使用完毕记得关闭线程池
}
}
输出结果：
打开冰箱！
拿出一瓶牛奶！
关上冰箱！
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