本篇内容主要讲解“C++如何实现学生信息管理系统”，感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷，实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“C++如何实现学生信息管理系统”吧!
实现功能
上面的功能基本完全实现
目前的程序其实还存在两个问题：
无法从文件中读取信息，我感觉是格式问题，输出的格式需要改，但是这样的话，保存在文件的信息看起来就不是很方便了
2、保存新同学的学号与当前记录的学号相同时不会提醒，这个实现起来比较容易，在保存的时候，再加一个链表查询就可以了，是我太懒了。
源码附上
#include <cstdlib>#include <iostream>#include <string>#include<windows.h>#include<conio.h>#include <fstream>using namespace std;#define null NULLclass student{ private: int flag; friend class studentMessage; student *next; //节点指针 string name; //学生姓名 string address; //家庭住址 int age; //年龄 int id; //学号 string sex; char grade; 班级 // A 代表大学生 // B 代表中学生 // C 代表小学生 double chinese , math , english; //语文 ， 数学 ， 英语 double history , geography ; //历史 ， 地理 string major; long long int TL; // 专业 ， 电话 public: static int num_total; //总数 static int num_sex; static int num_age; //小学生初始化 student(int _id,string _name,string _sex,int _age,char _grade,double _chinese,double _math,double _english) { name = _name; grade = _grade; age = _age; sex = _sex; id = _id; chinese = _chinese; math = _math; english = _english; next = NULL; } //初中生初始化 student(int _id,string _name,string _sex,int _age,char _grade,double _geography,double _history,string _address) { name = _name; grade = _grade; age = _age; sex = _sex; id = _id; geography = _geography; history = _history; address = _address; next = NULL; } //大学生初始化 student(int _id,string _name,string _sex,int _age,char _grade,string _major,string _address,long long int _TL) { name = _name; grade = _grade; age = _age; sex = _sex; id = _id; major = _major; address = _address; TL = _TL; next = NULL; } //构造函数 student() //为studentMessage初始化头结点用 { name = "null"; sex = "null"; address = "null"; age = 0; id = 0; chinese = 0; math = 0; english = 0; grade = '0'; geography = 0; history = 0; major = "null"; TL = 0; next = NULL; } ~student(){} void swap(student*);};int student::num_total = 0; 初始化int student::num_sex = 0;int student::num_age = 0;void student::swap(student *q){ string _name,_sex,_address; int _age,_id; char grade; 班级 // A 代表大学生 // B 代表中学生 // C 代表小学生 double _chinese , _math , _english; //语文 ， 数学 ， 英语 double _history , _geography ; //历史 ， 地理 string _major; long long int _TL; // 专业 ， 电话 _chinese = chinese; chinese = q->chinese; q->chinese = _chinese; _math = math; math = q->math; q->math = _math; _english = english; english = q->english; q->english = _english; _history = history; history = q->history; q->history = _history; _geography = geography; geography = q->geography; q->geography = _geography; _major = major; major = q->major; q->major = _major; _TL = TL; TL = q->TL; q->TL = _TL; _name = name; name = q->name; q->name = _name; _sex = sex; sex = q->sex; q->sex = _sex; _address = address; address = q->address; q->address = _address; _age = age; age = q->age; q->age = _age; _id = id; id = q->id; q->id = _id;}class studentMessage{ private: student *first; //头指针 int num; //信息中的学生人数 public: studentMessage() { num = 0; //初始化学生人数为0 first = new student; //初始化头结点 } ~studentMessage(){delete first;} void Insret(void); //插入 void Display(void); //显示 void Delete(void); //删除 void Search(void); //搜索 void Change(void); //改动 void SearchByid(void); //按照学号查找 void SearchByname(void); //按照姓名查找 int menu(void); //初始的菜单 void clear(void); //清空列表 void tongji(void); //统计学生人数 void save(void); void read(void);};int studentMessage::menu(void){ system("cls"); int ch; cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl; cout<<"**********************************************************************"<<endl; cout<<"======================================================================"<<endl; cout<<"***************************学生信息管理系统***************************"<<endl;cout<<endl; cout<<endl; cout<<" 1.添加功能"<<endl; cout<<" 2.查询功能"<<endl; cout<<" 3.显示功能"<<endl; cout<<" 4.编辑功能"<<endl; cout<<" 5.删除功能"<<endl; cout<<" 6.统计功能"<<endl; cout<<" 7.保存功能"<<endl; cout<<" 8.全部删除"<<endl; cout<<" 0.退出系统"<<endl;cout<<endl; cout<<endl; cout<<"***********************************************************************"<<endl; cout<<"======================================================================="<<endl; cout<<"***********************************************************************"<<endl; cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl; cin >> ch; cout<<"\n\n\n"<<endl; return ch;}void studentMessage::save(void){ system("cls"); fstream f("student.txt",ios::out); int i; if(!f) { cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl; cout<<"文件保存失败!！！！按任意键返回..."<<endl; if(i = getch()) return ; } if(student::num_total == 0) { f<<"当前记录中无学生..."<<endl; } else { student *p = first->next; while(p != null) { f<<"学号:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl; f<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl; f<<"性别(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl; f<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<endl; f<<"班级:"<<p->grade<<endl; if(p->grade == 'A') { f<<"专业："<<p->major<<endl; f<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl; f<<"联系方式："<<p->TL<<endl; } else if(p->grade == 'B') { f<<"地理成绩："<<p->geography<<endl; f<<"历史成绩："<<p->history<<endl; f<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl; } else { f<<"语文成绩："<<p->chinese<<endl; f<<"数学成绩："<<p->math<<endl; f<<"英语成绩："<<p->english<<endl; } f<<"------------------------------------------------"<<endl; p = p->next; } } f.close(); cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl; cout<<"学生信息文件已创建，按任意键继续"<<endl; i = getch();}void studentMessage::read(void){ system("cls"); string name; int age; int id; char grade; string sex,address; double chinese , math , english; //语文 ， 数学 ， 英语 double history , geography ; //历史 ， 地理 string major; long long int TL; // 专业 ， 电话 int i; char ch; ifstream f("student.txt"); while(1) { f>>ch; if(f.eof()) { cout<<"文件为空！按任意键返回"<<endl; if(i = getch()) return ; } f>>name; f>>sex; f>>age; f>>id; f>>grade; if(grade=='A') { f>>major; f>>address; f>>TL; } else if(grade == 'B') { f>>geography; f>>history; f>>address; } else { f>>chinese; f>>math; f>>english; } student::num_total ++; if(sex=="boy") student::num_sex++; if(age>=18) student::num_age ++; student *newstu = new student(); if(grade == 'A') newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,major,address,TL); else if(grade == 'B') newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,geography,history,address); else if(grade == 'C') newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,chinese,math,english); student *p = first; while(p->next != NULL) { p = p->next; } p->next = newstu; newstu->next = null; }}/统计void studentMessage::tongji(void){ system("cls");// cout<<"学生人数一共为：" <<student::num_total<<endl; cout<<"男生一共有："<<student::num_sex<<endl; cout<<"女生一共有："<<student::num_total-student::num_sex<<endl; cout<<"成年人有："<<student::num_age<<endl; int i; cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl; cout<<"按任意键继续"<<endl; i = getch();}//插入void studentMessage::Insret(void){ system("cls");// string name; int age; int id; char grade; string sex,address; double chinese , math , english; //语文 ， 数学 ， 英语 double history , geography ; //历史 ， 地理 string major; long long int TL; // 专业 ， 电话 cout<<"请输入学生姓名: "; cin>>name; cout<<"请输入学生性别(boy/girl): "; cin>>sex; cout<<"请输入学生年龄: "; cin>>age; cout<<"请输入学生学号: "; cin>>id; cout<<"下面请输入学生班级(大学生输入'A'，初中生输入'B',小学生输入'C'): "; cout<<endl; cin>>grade; cout<<endl; if(grade=='A') { cout<<"请输入专业："<<endl; cin>>major; cout<<"请输入家庭住址："<<endl; cin>>address; cout<<"请输入联系电话："<<endl; cin>>TL; } else if(grade == 'B') { cout<<"请输入地理成绩："<<endl; cin>>geography; cout<<"请输入历史成绩："<<endl; cin>>history; cout<<"请输入家庭住址："<<endl; cin>>address; } else { cout<<"请输入语文成绩："<<endl; cin>>chinese; cout<<"请输入数学成成绩："<<endl; cin>>math; cout<<"请输入英语成绩："<<endl; cin>>english; } student::num_total ++; if(sex=="boy") student::num_sex++; if(age>=18) student::num_age ++; student *newstu = new student(); if(grade == 'A') newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,major,address,TL); else if(grade == 'B') newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,geography,history,address); else if(grade == 'C') newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,chinese,math,english); student *p = first; while(p->next != NULL) { p = p->next; } p->next = newstu; newstu->next = null;}//00000000000000000000000/void studentMessage::Display(void){ system("cls"); if(student::num_total == 0) { cout<<"当前记录中无学生..."<<endl; } else { student *p = first->next; while(p != null) { cout<<"学号:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl; cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl; cout<<"性别(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl; cout<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<endl; cout<<"班级:"<<p->grade<<endl; if(p->grade == 'A') { cout<<"专业："<<p->major<<endl; cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl; cout<<"联系方式："<<p->TL<<endl; } else if(p->grade == 'B') { cout<<"地理成绩："<<p->geography<<endl; cout<<"历史成绩："<<p->history<<endl; cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl; } else { cout<<"语文成绩："<<p->chinese<<endl; cout<<"数学成绩："<<p->math<<endl; cout<<"英语成绩："<<p->english<<endl; } cout<<"------------------------------------------------"<<endl; p = p->next; } } int i; cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl; cout<<"按任意键继续"<<endl; i = getch();}//删除功能~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~void studentMessage::Delete(void){ string _name; system("cls"); cout<<"请输入需要删除的同学姓名："<<endl; cin>>_name; int k=0; student *p = first; student *pre = first; while(p->next) { pre=p->next; if(pre->name == _name) { p->next=pre->next; k=1; delete pre; } p=p->next; } if(k==0&&p->name!=_name) cout<<"记录为空!"<<endl; else { student::num_total--; if(p->sex=="boy") student::num_sex--; if(p->age>=18) student::num_age--; } int i; cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl; cout<<"按任意键继续"<<endl; i = getch();}void studentMessage::Search(void){ system("cls");/ int temp = 0; cout<<"请输入查找的条件，有如下选项..."<<endl; cout<<"按照学号查找（请输入【1】） 按照姓名查找（请输入【2】） "<<endl; cout<<" 退出（请输入【666】）"<<endl; cin>>temp; switch(temp) { case 1: SearchByid(); break; case 2: SearchByname(); break; case 666: return; default: cout<<"输入有误..."<<endl; }}void studentMessage::SearchByid(void){ system("cls");// int _id; int flag = 0; cout<<"请输入待查找学生的学号："; cin >> _id; student *p = first->next; while(p != null) { if(p->id == _id) { flag = 1; cout<<"下面是查找匹配结果："<<endl; cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl; cout<<"学号:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl; cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl; cout<<"性别(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl; cout<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<endl; cout<<"班级:"<<p->grade<<endl; if(p->grade == 'A') { cout<<"专业："<<p->major<<endl; cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl; cout<<"联系方式："<<p->TL<<endl; } else if(p->grade == 'B') { cout<<"地理成绩："<<p->geography<<endl; cout<<"历史成绩："<<p->history<<endl; cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl; } else { cout<<"语文成绩："<<p->chinese<<endl; cout<<"数学成绩："<<p->math<<endl; cout<<"英语成绩："<<p->english<<endl; } } p = p->next; } if(flag == 0) { cout<<"未找到匹配项..."<<endl; } int i; cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl; cout<<"按任意键继续"<<endl; i = getch();}void studentMessage::SearchByname(void){ system("cls");/ string _name; int flag = 0; cout<<"请输入待查找的学生姓名: "; cin >> _name; student *p = first->next; while(p != null) { if(p->name == _name) { cout<<"下面是查找匹配结果："<<endl; cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl; cout<<"学号:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl; cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl; cout<<"性别(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl; cout<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<endl; cout<<"班级:"<<p->grade<<endl; if(p->grade == 'A') { cout<<"专业："<<p->major<<endl; cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl; cout<<"联系方式："<<p->TL<<endl; } else if(p->grade == 'B') { cout<<"地理成绩："<<p->geography<<endl; cout<<"历史成绩："<<p->history<<endl; cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl; } else { cout<<"语文成绩："<<p->chinese<<endl; cout<<"数学成绩："<<p->math<<endl; cout<<"英语成绩："<<p->english<<endl; } } p = p->next; } if(flag == 0) { cout<<"未找到匹配项..."<<endl; } int i; cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl; cout<<"按任意键继续"<<endl; i = getch();}void studentMessage::Change(void){ system("cls");// string _name,_sex,_address,_major; char _grade; long long int _TL; double _chinese , _math , _english; //语文 ， 数学 ， 英语 double _history , _geography ; //历史 ， 地理 int flag = 0,temp; int _id,_age; int course = 0; cout<<"请输入需要改动信息的学生的姓名: "; cin >> _name; student *p = first->next; while(p != null) { if(p->name == _name) { flag = 1; cout<<"该学生当前信息如下："<<endl; cout<<"学号:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl; cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl; cout<<"性别(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl; cout<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<endl; cout<<"班级:"<<p->grade<<endl; if(p->grade == 'A') { cout<<"专业："<<p->major<<endl; cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl; cout<<"联系方式："<<p->TL<<endl; } else if(p->grade == 'B') { cout<<"地理成绩："<<p->geography<<endl; cout<<"历史成绩："<<p->history<<endl; cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl; } else { cout<<"语文成绩："<<p->chinese<<endl; cout<<"数学成绩："<<p->math<<endl; cout<<"英语成绩："<<p->english<<endl; } cout<<"请指明哪一项需要修改..."<<endl; cout<<"修改学号（输入【1】） 修改年龄（输入【2】）修改班级信息（输入【3】） "<<endl; cout<<" 退出（输入【666】）"<<endl; cin >> temp; switch(temp) { case 1: { cout<<"请输入新的学号："<<endl;cin>>_id; p->id = _id; } break; case 2: { cout<<"请输入新的年龄："<<endl;;cin>>_age; p->age = _age; } break; case 3: { cout<<"请输入新的班级信息(大学生输入'A'，初中生输入'B',小学生输入'C')："<<endl;;cin>>_grade; p->grade = _grade; if(_grade=='A') { cout<<"请输入专业："<<endl; cin>>_major; p->major = _major; cout<<"请输入家庭住址："<<endl; cin>>_address; p->address = _address; cout<<"请输入联系电话："<<endl; cin>>_TL; p->TL = _TL; } else if(_grade == 'B') { cout<<"请输入地理成绩："<<endl; cin>>_geography; p->geography = _geography; cout<<"请输入历史成绩："<<endl; cin>>_history; p->history = _history; cout<<"请输入家庭住址："<<endl; cin>>_address; p->address = _address; } else { cout<<"请输入语文成绩："<<endl; cin>>_chinese; p->chinese = _chinese; cout<<"请输入数学成成绩："<<endl; cin>>_math; p->major = _math; cout<<"请输入英语成绩："<<endl; cin>>_english; p->english = _english; } } break; case 666: return ; cout<<"修改后的信息如下： "<<endl; cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<" "<<endl; cout<<"性别:"<<p->sex<<" "<<endl; cout<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<" "<<endl; cout<<"学号:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl; cout<<"地址:"<<p->address<<" "<<endl; default: cout<<"输入有误..."<<endl; } } p = p->next; } if(flag == 0) cout<<"当前记录中没有此学生..."<<endl;}void studentMessage::clear(void){ student *p = first->next; while(p != null) { first->next = p->next; p->next = null; delete p; p = first->next; }}int main(){ studentMessage stulist; int ch; while(ch = stulist.menu()) { switch(ch) { case 1: stulist.Insret(); break; case 2: stulist.Search(); break; case 3: stulist.Display(); break; case 4: stulist.Change(); break; case 5: stulist.Delete(); break; case 6: stulist.tongji(); break; case 7: stulist.save(); break; case 8: stulist.clear(); break; case 0: return 0; default: cout<<"请按要求输入..."<<endl; } } return 0;}到此，相信大家对“C++如何实现学生信息管理系统”有了更深的了解，不妨来实际操作一番吧！这里是编程网网站，更多相关内容可以进入相关频道进行查询，关注我们，继续学习！
