Flask-OAuthlib是OAuthlib的Flask扩展实现,
项目地址:
https://github.com/lepture/flask-oauthlib
主要特性:
Flask-OAuthlib提供了多个开放平台的示例代码,比如Google, Facebook, Twiter, Github, Dropbox, 豆瓣, 微博等,只是暂时没有QQ登录的示例代码。
QQ OAuth登录示例
下面是QQ登录的代码:
import os
import json
from flask import Flask, redirect, url_for, session, request, jsonify, Markup
from flask_oauthlib.client import OAuth
QQ_APP_ID = os.getenv('QQ_APP_ID', '101187283')
QQ_APP_KEY = os.getenv('QQ_APP_KEY', '993983549da49e384d03adfead8b2489')
app = Flask(__name__)
app.debug = True
app.secret_key = 'development'
oauth = OAuth(app)
qq = oauth.remote_app(
'qq',
consumer_key=QQ_APP_ID,
consumer_secret=QQ_APP_KEY,
base_url='https://graph.qq.com',
request_token_url=None,
request_token_params={'scope': 'get_user_info'},
access_token_url='/oauth2.0/token',
authorize_url='/oauth2.0/authorize',
)
def json_to_dict(x):
'''OAuthResponse class can't not parse the JSON data with content-type
text/html, so we need reload the JSON data manually'''
if x.find('callback') > -1:
pos_lb = x.find('{')
pos_rb = x.find('}')
x = x[pos_lb:pos_rb + 1]
try:
return json.loads(x, encoding='utf-8')
except:
return x
def update_qq_api_request_data(data={}):
'''Update some required parameters for OAuth2.0 API calls'''
defaults = {
'openid': session.get('qq_openid'),
'access_token': session.get('qq_token')[0],
'oauth_consumer_key': QQ_APP_ID,
}
defaults.update(data)
return defaults
@app.route('/')
def index():
'''just for verify website owner here.'''
return Markup('''<meta property="qc:admins" '''
'''content="226526754150631611006375" />''')
@app.route('/user_info')
def get_user_info():
if 'qq_token' in session:
data = update_qq_api_request_data()
resp = qq.get('/user/get_user_info', data=data)
return jsonify(status=resp.status, data=resp.data)
return redirect(url_for('login'))
@app.route('/login')
def login():
return qq.authorize(callback=url_for('authorized', _external=True))
@app.route('/logout')
def logout():
session.pop('qq_token', None)
return redirect(url_for('get_user_info'))
@app.route('/login/authorized')
def authorized():
resp = qq.authorized_response()
if resp is None:
return 'Access denied: reason=%s error=%s' % (
request.args['error_reason'],
request.args['error_description']
)
session['qq_token'] = (resp['access_token'], '')
# Get openid via access_token, openid and access_token are needed for API calls
resp = qq.get('/oauth2.0/me', {'access_token': session['qq_token'][0]})
resp = json_to_dict(resp.data)
if isinstance(resp, dict):
session['qq_openid'] = resp.get('openid')
return redirect(url_for('get_user_info'))
@qq.tokengetter
def get_qq_oauth_token():
return session.get('qq_token')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
主要流程:
访问QQ互联网站 http://connect.qq.com/ 注册成为开发者,并申请应用,申请应用时需要验证网站所有权; 应用申请好之后,把QQ_APP_ID和QQ_APP_KEY替换为你的应用的; 访问/login,然后会跳转到QQ的授权验证网页; QQ验证通过之后,会跳转回到/login/authorized,并获取access_token; 得到access_token之后,通过access_token获取openid,access_token和openid是后期调用其它API的必要参数; 跳转到/user_info,获取并显示登录用户的基本信息。更多信息请参阅Flask-OAuthlib文档和QQ互联文档:
https://flask-oauthlib.readthedocs.org/
http://wiki.connect.qq.com/
关于SAE平台的特别说明
在SAE平台上,授权过程没有任何问题,当获取到access_token之后,调用API时,会在请求时(比如get, put)附加类似如下的请求头:
headers = {u'Authorization': u'Bearer 83F40E96FB6882686F4DF1E17105D04E'}
这个请求头会引发HTTPError: HTTP Error 400: Bad request,造成请求失败。解决的办法是把键名转换成str类型,Hack代码如下:
def convert_keys_to_string(dictionary):
"""Recursively converts dictionary keys to strings."""
if not isinstance(dictionary, dict):
return dictionary
return dict((str(k), convert_keys_to_string(v))
for k, v in dictionary.items())
def change_qq_header(uri, headers, body):
headers = convert_keys_to_string(headers)
return uri, headers, body
qq.pre_request = change_qq_header
当项目部署在SAE平台时,将这段代码放在if __name__ == '__main__'语句之前即可。
小结
OAuth2登录验证还是比较容易的,绝大多数的平台都支持标准的协议,使用通用的库可以简化开发流程。另外,QQ登录的代码已经提交到Flask-OAuthlib代码库了。