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react发送axios请求的方法：1、通过“npm install axios --save”命令安装axios；2、在react文件中使用typescript方式导入axios依赖；3、使用“axios.get”或者“axios(config { ... })”的方式进行GET请求即可。
React中使用axios发送请求的常用方法
React中安装并引入axios依赖
在React项目中使用axios请求，首先需要安装axios：
npm install axios --save
然后在react文件中使用typescript方式导入axios依赖：
import axios from 'axios';
使用axios进行GET请求
axios中使用GET请求时有两中方式：
一种是使用axios.get的方式进行
一种是使用axios(config { ... })的方式进行
使用axios.get方式
使用封装的axios.get进行请求的常用格式如下：
// Make a request for a user with a given IDaxios.get('/getUser?id=12345') .then(function (response) { // handle success console.log(response); // update state or do something this.setState({ // ... }) }) .catch(function (error) { // handle error console.log(error); }) .then(function () { // always executed }); // Optionally the request above could also be done asaxios.get('/getUser', { params: { // 这里的参数设置为URL参数（根据URL携带参数） id: 12345 } }) .then(function (response) { console.log(response); }) .catch(function (error) { console.log(error); }) .then(function () { // always executed }); // Want to use async/await? Add the `async` keyword to your outer function/method.async function getUser() { try { const response = await axios.get('/getUser?id=12345'); console.log(response); } catch (error) { console.error(error); }}
使用axios(config {...})
使用axios(config {...}) 的方式发送GET请求格式如下：
axios({ method: 'get', url: '/getUser', params: { id: 12345, }}) .then(function (response) { console.log(response); });
以上的get请求发送的URL均为如下：
http:HOST_IP:XXXX/getUser?id=12345
使用axios进行POST请求
同GET请求一样，使用POST也有两种请求方式。
使用axios.post
axios.post('/createUser', { firstName: 'Fred', lastName: 'Flintstone' }) .then(function (response) { console.log(response); }) .catch(function (error) { console.log(error); });
使用axios(config {...})
// Send a POST request axios({ method: 'post', url: '/createUser', data: { // 这里data中的参数为requestBody参数，服务端需要使用@RequestBody注解进行获取 firstName: 'Fred', lastName: 'Flintstone' } }).then(function (response) { console.log(response); }).catch(function (error) { console.log(error); });
需要注意的是，在使用axios(config {})方式进行GET或POST请求发送时，GET请求中params为URL参数，POST请求中data为RequestBody参数，在服务端需要使用@RequestBody注解接收，Spring Boot能够自动解析为Java相应的对象。
同时发送多个请求
使用axios也可以一次发送多个请求：
function getUserAccount() { return axios.get('/user/12345');} function getUserPermissions() { return axios.get('/user/12345/permissions');} axios.all([getUserAccount(), getUserPermissions()]) .then(axios.spread(function (acct, perms) { // Both requests are now complete }));
详细config对象配置项
在axios的readme文档中，有对config对象的具体配置说明，如下：
{ // `url` is the server URL that will be used for the request url: '/user', // `method` is the request method to be used when making the request method: 'get', // default // `baseURL` will be prepended to `url` unless `url` is absolute. // It can be convenient to set `baseURL` for an instance of axios to pass relative URLs // to methods of that instance. baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/', // `transformRequest` allows changes to the request data before it is sent to the server // This is only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'PATCH' and 'DELETE' // The last function in the array must return a string or an instance of Buffer, ArrayBuffer, // FormData or Stream // You may modify the headers object. transformRequest: [function (data, headers) { // Do whatever you want to transform the data return data; }], // `transformResponse` allows changes to the response data to be made before // it is passed to then/catch transformResponse: [function (data) { // Do whatever you want to transform the data return data; }], // `headers` are custom headers to be sent headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'}, // `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request // Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object params: { ID: 12345 }, // `paramsSerializer` is an optional function in charge of serializing `params` // (e.g. https://www.npmjs.com/package/qs, http://api.jquery.com/jquery.param/) paramsSerializer: function (params) { return Qs.stringify(params, {arrayFormat: 'brackets'}) }, // `data` is the data to be sent as the request body // Only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', and 'PATCH' // When no `transformRequest` is set, must be of one of the following types: // - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams // - Browser only: FormData, File, Blob // - Node only: Stream, Buffer data: { firstName: 'Fred' }, // syntax alternative to send data into the body // method post // only the value is sent, not the key data: 'Country=Brasil&City=Belo Horizonte', // `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out. // If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted. timeout: 1000, // default is `0` (no timeout) // `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests // should be made using credentials withCredentials: false, // default // `adapter` allows custom handling of requests which makes testing easier. // Return a promise and supply a valid response (see lib/adapters/README.md). adapter: function (config) { }, // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used, and supplies credentials. // This will set an `Authorization` header, overwriting any existing // `Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`. // Please note that only HTTP Basic auth is configurable through this parameter. // For Bearer tokens and such, use `Authorization` custom headers instead. auth: { username: 'janedoe', password: 's00pers3cret' }, // `responseType` indicates the type of data that the server will respond with // options are: 'arraybuffer', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream' // browser only: 'blob' responseType: 'json', // default // `responseEncoding` indicates encoding to use for decoding responses // Note: Ignored for `responseType` of 'stream' or client-side requests responseEncoding: 'utf8', // default // `xsrfCookieName` is the name of the cookie to use as a value for xsrf token xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN', // default // `xsrfHeaderName` is the name of the http header that carries the xsrf token value xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN', // default // `onUploadProgress` allows handling of progress events for uploads // browser only onUploadProgress: function (progressEvent) { // Do whatever you want with the native progress event }, // `onDownloadProgress` allows handling of progress events for downloads // browser only onDownloadProgress: function (progressEvent) { // Do whatever you want with the native progress event }, // `maxContentLength` defines the max size of the http response content in bytes allowed maxContentLength: 2000, // `validateStatus` defines whether to resolve or reject the promise for a given // HTTP response status code. If `validateStatus` returns `true` (or is set to `null` // or `undefined`), the promise will be resolved; otherwise, the promise will be // rejected. validateStatus: function (status) { return status >= 200 && status < 300; // default }, // `maxRedirects` defines the maximum number of redirects to follow in node.js. // If set to 0, no redirects will be followed. maxRedirects: 5, // default // `socketPath` defines a UNIX Socket to be used in node.js. // e.g. '/var/run/docker.sock' to send requests to the docker daemon. // Only either `socketPath` or `proxy` can be specified. // If both are specified, `socketPath` is used. socketPath: null, // default // `httpAgent` and `httpsAgent` define a custom agent to be used when performing http // and https requests, respectively, in node.js. This allows options to be added like // `keepAlive` that are not enabled by default. httpAgent: new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true }), httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ keepAlive: true }), // `proxy` defines the hostname and port of the proxy server. // You can also define your proxy using the conventional `http_proxy` and // `https_proxy` environment variables. If you are using environment variables // for your proxy configuration, you can also define a `no_proxy` environment // variable as a comma-separated list of domains that should not be proxied. // Use `false` to disable proxies, ignoring environment variables. // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used to connect to the proxy, and // supplies credentials. // This will set an `Proxy-Authorization` header, overwriting any existing // `Proxy-Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`. proxy: { host: '127.0.0.1', port: 9000, auth: { username: 'mikeymike', password: 'rapunz3l' } }, // `cancelToken` specifies a cancel token that can be used to cancel the request // (see Cancellation section below for details) cancelToken: new CancelToken(function (cancel) { })}
axios的返回值对象response
axios在进行请求后得到的response对象格式如下：
{ // `data` is the response that was provided by the server data: {}, // `status` is the HTTP status code from the server response status: 200, // `statusText` is the HTTP status message from the server response statusText: 'OK', // `headers` the HTTP headers that the server responded with // All header names are lower cased and can be accessed using the bracket notation. // Example: `response.headers['content-type']` headers: {}, // `config` is the config that was provided to `axios` for the request config: {}, // `request` is the request that generated this response // It is the last ClientRequest instance in node.js (in redirects) // and an XMLHttpRequest instance in the browser request: {}}
当在请求后使用then方法时，可以获取response对象的各个属性值，其中data即为服务端返回的相应对象：
axios.get('/user/12345') .then(function (response) { console.log(response.data); console.log(response.status); console.log(response.statusText); console.log(response.headers); console.log(response.config); });
axios的全局配置
在使用axios时，可以对axios对象进行全局的设置，该设置会应用于axios所在当前javascript类中的所有axios请求中，例如如下的设置：
axios.defaults.baseURL = 'https://api.example.com';axios.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
axios的单一实例化配置
如果不需对axios进行全局设置，则可以在使用某个axios对象时，进行单一对象的设置，例如如下：
// Set config defaults when creating the instanceconst instance = axios.create({ baseURL: 'https://api.example.com'}); // Alter defaults after instance has been createdinstance.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;
axios拦截器的使用
可以使用axios拦截器来在发送请求之前或在响应response之前（then方法）来拦截请求并进行自定义的设置，定义request和response拦截器示例如下：
// Add a request interceptoraxios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) { // Do something before request is sent return config; }, function (error) { // Do something with request error return Promise.reject(error); }); // Add a response interceptoraxios.interceptors.response.use(function (response) { // Any status code that lie within the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger // Do something with response data return response; }, function (error) { // Any status codes that falls outside the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger // Do something with response error return Promise.reject(error); });
当需要删除拦截器时，进行如下操作：
const myInterceptor = axios.interceptors.request.use(function () {});axios.interceptors.request.eject(myInterceptor);
也可以将定义的拦截器添加到自定义的axios实例中：
const instance = axios.create();instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {});
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