问题内容
我正在用 c# 创建剪贴板管理器,有时我会遇到剪贴板被某些应用程序设置为空的情况。
这发生在例如excel 取消选择刚刚复制的内容时,因此我需要确定剪贴板是否为空,但是如何获取更新剪贴板的应用程序名称?
我希望我能以某种方式获得更新剪贴板的应用程序的 hwnd
句柄,以便我可以使用以下代码查找其背后的进程:
[dllimport("user32.dll", setlasterror = true)]
public static extern uint getwindowthreadprocessid(intptr hwnd, out uint lpdwprocessid);
...
protected override void wndproc(ref message m)
{
switch (m.msg)
{
case wm_clipboardupdate:
// how to get the "handle" hwnd?
intptr handle = ??? <============= how to get this one ???
// get the process id from the hwnd
uint processid = 0;
getwindowthreadprocessid(handle, out processid);
// get the process name from the process id
string processname = process.getprocessbyid((int)processid).processname;
console.writeline("clipboard update event from [" + processname + "]");
break;
}
default:
base.wndproc(ref m);
break;
}
}
我希望我可以使用 message
对象中的 hwnd
,但这似乎是我自己的应用程序 - 可能是用此进程 id 通知应用程序:
如果我可以通过其他方式获得它,那么这当然也完全没问题,但我将不胜感激对此的任何见解:-)
解决方案
根据@jimi的回答,这很简单。我可以将以下 3 行添加到我的原始代码中:
// Import the "GetClipboardOwner" function from the User32 library
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern IntPtr GetClipboardOwner();
...
// Replace the original line with "HOW TO GET THIS ONE" with this line below - this will give the HWnd handle for the application that has changed the clipboard:
IntPtr handle = GetClipboardOwner();
解决方法
您可以调用getclipboardowner()< /a> 获取上次设置或清除剪贴板(触发通知的操作)的窗口句柄。
[...] 一般来说,剪贴板所有者是最后将数据放入剪贴板的窗口。
emptyclipboard 函数分配剪贴板所有权。
在某些特殊情况下,进程会将空句柄传递给 openclipboard():阅读此函数的备注部分和 emptyclipboard 函数。
在调用 emptyclipboard 之前,应用程序必须打开剪贴板 通过使用 openclipboard 函数。如果应用程序指定 打开剪贴板时窗口句柄为null,emptyclipboard成功 但将剪贴板所有者设置为 null。请注意,这会导致 setclipboarddata 失败。
▶ 这里我使用的是 nativewindow< /a> 派生类来设置剪贴板侦听器。处理剪贴板更新消息的窗口是通过初始化 创建的createparams 对象并将此参数传递给 nativewindow.createhandle(createparams) 方法,用于创建一个不可见窗口。
然后重写初始化的nativewindow的wndproc
,接收 wm_clipboardupdate
通知。
addclipboardformatlistener 函数用于将窗口放置在系统剪贴板侦听器链中。
▶ clipboardupdatemonitor
类在收到剪贴板通知时生成一个事件。事件中传递的自定义 clipboardchangedeventargs
对象包含由 getclipboardowner()
返回的剪贴板所有者的句柄、由 getwindowthreadprocessid() 和进程名称,由 process.getprocessbyid()。
您可以像这样设置 clipboardupdatemonitor
对象:
该类也可以在program.cs
中初始化
private clipboardupdatemonitor clipboardmonitor = null;
// [...]
clipboardmonitor = new clipboardupdatemonitor();
clipboardmonitor.clipboardchangednotify += this.clipboardchanged;
// [...]
private void clipboardchanged(object sender, clipboardchangedeventargs e)
{
console.writeline(e.processid);
console.writeline(e.processname);
console.writeline(e.threadid);
}
using system.diagnostics;
using system.runtime.interopservices;
using system.security.permissions;
using system.windows.forms;
public sealed class clipboardupdatemonitor : idisposable
{
private bool isdisposed = false;
private static clipboardwindow window = null;
public event eventhandler clipboardchangednotify;
public clipboardupdatemonitor()
{
window = new clipboardwindow();
if (!nativemethods.addclipboardformatlistener(window.handle)) {
throw new typeinitializationexception(nameof(clipboardwindow),
new exception("clipboardformatlistener could not be initialized"));
}
window.clipboardchanged += clipboardchangedevent;
}
private void clipboardchangedevent(object sender, clipboardchangedeventargs e)
=> clipboardchangednotify?.invoke(this, e);
public void dispose()
{
if (!isdisposed) {
// cannot allow to throw exceptions here: add more checks to verify that
// the nativewindow still exists and its handle is a valid handle
nativemethods.removeclipboardformatlistener(window.handle);
window?.destroyhandle();
isdisposed = true;
}
}
~clipboardupdatemonitor() => dispose();
private class clipboardwindow : nativewindow
{
public event eventhandler clipboardchanged;
public clipboardwindow() {
new securitypermission(securitypermissionflag.unmanagedcode).demand();
var cp = new createparams();
cp.caption = "clipboardwindow";
cp.height = 100;
cp.width = 100;
cp.parent = intptr.zero;
cp.style = nativemethods.ws_clipchildren;
cp.exstyle = nativemethods.ws_ex_controlparent | nativemethods.ws_ex_toolwindow;
this.createhandle(cp);
}
protected override void wndproc(ref message m)
{
switch (m.msg) {
case nativemethods.wm_clipboardupdate:
intptr owner = nativemethods.getclipboardowner();
var threadid = nativemethods.getwindowthreadprocessid(owner, out uint processid);
string processname = string.empty;
if (processid != 0) {
using (var proc = process.getprocessbyid((int)processid)) {
processname = proc?.processname;
}
}
clipboardchanged?.invoke(null, new clipboardchangedeventargs(processid, processname, threadid));
m.result = intptr.zero;
break;
default:
base.wndproc(ref m);
break;
}
}
}
}
自定义 eventargs
对象,用于携带收集的有关剪贴板所有者的信息:
public class clipboardchangedeventargs : eventargs
{
public clipboardchangedeventargs(uint processid, string processname, uint threadid)
{
this.processid = processid;
this.processname = processname;
this.threadid = threadid;
}
public uint processid { get; }
public string processname { get; }
public uint threadid { get; }
}
nativemethods
类:
internal static class NativeMethods
{
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
internal static extern bool AddClipboardFormatListener(IntPtr hwnd);
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
internal static extern bool RemoveClipboardFormatListener(IntPtr hwnd);
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
internal static extern IntPtr GetClipboardOwner();
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
internal static extern uint GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hWnd, out uint lpdwProcessId);
internal const int WM_CLIPBOARDUPDATE = 0x031D;
internal const int WS_CLIPCHILDREN = 0x02000000;
internal const int WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW = 0x00000080;
internal const int WS_EX_CONTROLPARENT = 0x00010000;
}
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