Pyppeteer简介
Puppeteer 是 Google 基于 Node.js 开发的一个工具，有了它我们可以通过 JavaScript 来控制 Chrome 浏览器的一些操作，当然也可以用作网络爬虫上，其 API 极其完善，功能非常强大。 而 Pyppeteer 又是什么呢？它实际上是 Puppeteer 的 Python 版本的实现，但他不是 Google 开发的，是一位来自于日本的工程师依据 Puppeteer 的一些功能开发出来的非官方版本。
官方文档: https://miyakogi.github.io/pyppeteer/reference.html
下载
pip install pyppeteer
打开网页并截图
import asyncio
from pyppeteer import launch
async def main():
browser = await launch()
page = await browser.newPage()
await page.goto('http://example.com')
await page.screenshot({'path': 'example.png'})
await browser.close()
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())
评估页面上的脚本
import asyncio
from pyppeteer import launch
async def main():
browser = await launch()
page = await browser.newPage()
await page.goto('http://example.com')
await page.screenshot({'path': 'example.png'})
dimensions = await page.evaluate('''() => {
return {
width: document.documentElement.clientWidth,
height: document.documentElement.clientHeight,
deviceScaleFactor: window.devicePixelRatio,
}
}''')
print(dimensions)
# >>> {'width': 800, 'height': 600, 'deviceScaleFactor': 1}
await browser.close()
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())
关键字参数的选项
{'headless': True} # 默认为True无头
{'headless': False} # 改为False变成有头
browser = await launch({'headless': False})
选择器
Page.querySelector() # CSS选择器
Page.querySelectorAll() # CSS选择器选所有
Page.xpath() # xpath选择器
参数Page.evaluate()和Page.querySelectorEval()
添加force_expr=True选项，这会强制pyppeteer将字符串视为表达式。
获取页面内容的示例：
content = await page.evaluate('document.body.textContent', force_expr=True)
import asyncio
from pyppeteer import launch
async def main():
browser = await launch({'headless': False})
page = await browser.newPage()
await page.goto('https://www.cnblogs.com/guyouyin123/p/12669430.html#selenium%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E5%99%A8%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9')
content = await page.evaluate('document.body.textContent', force_expr=True)
print(content)
await browser.close()
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())
获取元素内部文本的示例：
element = await page.querySelector('h1')
title = await page.evaluate('(element) => element.textContent', element)
基础用法
import asyncio
from pyppeteer import launch
async def main():
# headless参数设为False，则变成有头模式
# Pyppeteer支持字典和关键字传参，Puppeteer只支持字典传参
# 指定引擎路径
# exepath = r'C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\pyppeteer\pyppeteer\local-chromium\575458\chrome-win32/chrome.exe'
# browser = await launch({'executablePath': exepath, 'headless': False, 'slowMo': 30})
browser = await launch(
# headless=False,
{'headless': False}
)
page = await browser.newPage()
# 设置页面视图大小
await page.setViewport(viewport={'width': 1280, 'height': 800})
# 是否启用JS，enabled设为False，则无渲染效果
await page.setJavaScriptEnabled(enabled=True)
# 超时间见 1000 毫秒
res = await page.goto('https://www.toutiao.com/', options={'timeout': 1000})
resp_headers = res.headers # 响应头
resp_status = res.status # 响应状态
# 等待
await asyncio.sleep(2)
# 第二种方法，在while循环里强行查询某元素进行等待
while not await page.querySelector('.t'):
pass
# 滚动到页面底部
await page.evaluate('window.scrollBy(0, document.body.scrollHeight)')
await asyncio.sleep(2)
# 截图 保存图片
await page.screenshot({'path': 'toutiao.png'})
# 打印页面cookies
print(await page.cookies())
""" 打印页面文本 """
# 获取所有 html 内容
print(await page.content())
# 在网页上执行js 脚本
dimensions = await page.evaluate(pageFunction='''() => {
return {
width: document.documentElement.clientWidth, // 页面宽度
height: document.documentElement.clientHeight, // 页面高度
deviceScaleFactor: window.devicePixelRatio, // 像素比 1.0000000149011612
}
}''', force_expr=False) # force_expr=False 执行的是函数
print(dimensions)
# 只获取文本 执行 js 脚本 force_expr 为 True 则执行的是表达式
content = await page.evaluate(pageFunction='document.body.textContent', force_expr=True)
print(content)
# 打印当前页标题
print(await page.title())
# 抓取新闻内容 可以使用 xpath 表达式
"""
# Pyppeteer 三种解析方式
Page.querySelector() # 选择器
Page.querySelectorAll()
Page.xpath() # xpath 表达式
# 简写方式为：
Page.J(), Page.JJ(), and Page.Jx()
"""
element = await page.querySelector(".feed-infinite-wrapper > ul>li") # 纸抓取一个
print(element)
# 获取所有文本内容 执行 js
content = await page.evaluate('(element) => element.textContent', element)
print(content)
# elements = await page.xpath('//div[@class="title-box"]/a')
elements = await page.querySelectorAll(".title-box a")
for item in elements:
print(await item.getProperty('textContent'))
# <pyppeteer.execution_context.JSHandle object at 0x000002220E7FE518>
# 获取文本
title_str = await (await item.getProperty('textContent')).jsonValue()
# 获取链接
title_link = await (await item.getProperty('href')).jsonValue()
print(title_str)
print(title_link)
# 关闭浏览器
await browser.close()
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())
import asyncio
import pyppeteer
from collections import namedtuple
Response = namedtuple("rs", "title url html cookies headers history status")
async def get_html(url):
browser = await pyppeteer.launch(headless=True, args=['--no-sandbox'])
page = await browser.newPage()
res = await page.goto(url, options={'timeout': 3000})
data = await page.content()
title = await page.title()
resp_cookies = await page.cookies() # cookie
resp_headers = res.headers # 响应头
resp_status = res.status # 响应状态
print(data)
print(title)
print(resp_headers)
print(resp_status)
return title
if __name__ == '__main__':
url_list = ["https://www.toutiao.com/",
"http://jandan.net/ooxx/page-8#comments",
"https://www.12306.cn/index/"
]
task = [get_html(url) for url in url_list]
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
results = loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(*task))
for res in results:
print(res)
headers = {'date': 'Sun, 28 Apr 2019 06:50:20 GMT',
'server': 'Cmcc',
'x-frame-options': 'SAMEORIGIN\nSAMEORIGIN',
'last-modified': 'Fri, 26 Apr 2019 09:58:09 GMT',
'accept-ranges': 'bytes',
'cache-control': 'max-age=43200',
'expires': 'Sun, 28 Apr 2019 18:50:20 GMT',
'vary': 'Accept-Encoding,User-Agent',
'content-encoding': 'gzip',
'content-length': '19823',
'content-type': 'text/html',
'connection': 'Keep-alive',
'via': '1.1 ID-0314217270751344 uproxy-17'}
模拟输入
# 模拟输入 账号密码 {'delay': rand_int()} 为输入时间
await page.type('#TPL_username_1', "sadfasdfasdf")
await page.type('#TPL_password_1', "123456789", )
await page.waitFor(1000)
await page.click("#J_SubmitStatic")
使用 tkinter 获取页面高度 宽度
def screen_size():
"""使用tkinter获取屏幕大小"""
import tkinter
tk = tkinter.Tk()
width = tk.winfo_screenwidth()
height = tk.winfo_screenheight()
tk.quit()
return width, height
爬取京东商城
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from pyppeteer import launch
import asyncio
def screen_size():
"""使用tkinter获取屏幕大小"""
import tkinter
tk = tkinter.Tk()
width = tk.winfo_screenwidth()
height = tk.winfo_screenheight()
tk.quit()
return width, height
async def main(url):
# browser = await launch({'headless': False, 'args': ['--no-sandbox'], })
browser = await launch({'args': ['--no-sandbox'], })
page = await browser.newPage()
width, height = screen_size()
await page.setViewport(viewport={"width": width, "height": height})
await page.setJavaScriptEnabled(enabled=True)
await page.setUserAgent(
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299')
await page.goto(url)
# await asyncio.sleep(2)
await page.evaluate('window.scrollBy(0, document.body.scrollHeight)')
await asyncio.sleep(1)
# content = await page.content()
li_list = await page.xpath('//*[@id="J_goodsList"]/ul/li')
# print(li_list)
item_list = []
for li in li_list:
a = await li.xpath('.//div[@class="p-img"]/a')
detail_url = await (await a[0].getProperty("href")).jsonValue()
promo_words = await (await a[0].getProperty("title")).jsonValue()
a_ = await li.xpath('.//div[@class="p-commit"]/strong/a')
p_commit = await (await a_[0].getProperty("textContent")).jsonValue()
i = await li.xpath('./div/div[3]/strong/i')
price = await (await i[0].getProperty("textContent")).jsonValue()
em = await li.xpath('./div/div[4]/a/em')
title = await (await em[0].getProperty("textContent")).jsonValue()
item = {
"title": title,
"detail_url": detail_url,
"promo_words": promo_words,
'p_commit': p_commit,
'price': price
}
item_list.append(item)
# print(item)
# break
# print(content)
await page_close(browser)
return item_list
async def page_close(browser):
for _page in await browser.pages():
await _page.close()
await browser.close()
msg = "手机"
url = "https://search.jd.com/Search?keyword={}&enc=utf-8&qrst=1&rt=1&stop=1&vt=2&wq={}&cid2=653&cid3=655&page={}"
task_list = []
for i in range(1, 6):
page = i * 2 - 1
url = url.format(msg, msg, page)
task_list.append(main(url))
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
results = loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(*task_list))
# print(results, len(results))
for i in results:
print(i, len(i))
# soup = BeautifulSoup(content, 'lxml')
# div = soup.find('div', id='J_goodsList')
# for i, li in enumerate(div.find_all('li', class_='gl-item')):
# if li.select('.p-img a'):
# print(li.select('.p-img a')[0]['href'], i)
# print(li.select('.p-price i')[0].get_text(), i)
# print(li.select('.p-name em')[0].text, i)
# else:
# print("#" * 200)
# print(li)
爬取淘宝网
taobao.py
import asyncio
import time
from pyppeteer.launcher import launch
from alifunc import mouse_slide, input_time_random
from exe_js import js1, js3, js4, js5
def screen_size():
"""使用tkinter获取屏幕大小"""
import tkinter
tk = tkinter.Tk()
width = tk.winfo_screenwidth()
height = tk.winfo_screenheight()
tk.quit()
return width, height
async def main(username, pwd, url):
browser = await launch({'headless': False, 'args': ['--no-sandbox'], }, userDataDir='./userdata',
args=['--window-size=1366,768'])
page = await browser.newPage()
width, height = screen_size()
await page.setViewport(viewport={"width": width, "height": height})
await page.setUserAgent(
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299')
await page.goto(url)
await page.evaluate(js1)
await page.evaluate(js3)
await page.evaluate(js4)
await page.evaluate(js5)
pwd_login = await page.querySelector('.J_Quick2Static')
# print(await (await pwd_login.getProperty('textContent')).jsonValue())
await pwd_login.click()
await page.type('#TPL_username_1', username, {'delay': input_time_random() - 50})
await page.type('#TPL_password_1', pwd, {'delay': input_time_random()})
await page.screenshot({'path': './headless-test-result.png'})
time.sleep(2)
slider = await page.Jeval('#nocaptcha', 'node => node.style') # 是否有滑块
if slider:
print('出现滑块情况判定')
await page.screenshot({'path': './headless-login-slide.png'})
flag = await mouse_slide(page=page)
if flag:
print(page.url)
await page.keyboard.press('Enter')
await get_cookie(page)
else:
await page.keyboard.press('Enter')
await page.waitFor(20)
await page.waitForNavigation()
try:
global error
error = await page.Jeval('.error', 'node => node.textContent')
except Exception as e:
error = None
print(e, "错啦")
finally:
if error:
print('确保账户安全重新入输入')
else:
print(page.url)
# 可继续网页跳转 已经携带 cookie
# await get_search(page)
await get_cookie(page)
await page_close(browser)
async def page_close(browser):
for _page in await browser.pages():
await _page.close()
await browser.close()
async def get_search(page):
# https://s.taobao.com/search?q={查询的条件}&p4ppushleft=1%2C48&s={每页 44 条 第一页 0 第二页 44}&sort=sale-desc
await page.goto("https://s.taobao.com/search?q=气球")
await asyncio.sleep(5)
# print(await page.content())
# 获取登录后cookie
async def get_cookie(page):
res = await page.content()
cookies_list = await page.cookies()
cookies = ''
for cookie in cookies_list:
str_cookie = '{0}={1};'
str_cookie = str_cookie.format(cookie.get('name'), cookie.get('value'))
cookies += str_cookie
print(cookies)
# 将cookie 放入 cookie 池 以便多次请求 封账号 利用cookie 对搜索内容进行爬取
return cookies
if __name__ == '__main__':
username = 'username'
pwd = 'password'
url = "https://login.taobao.com/member/login.jhtml?spm=a21bo.2017.754894437.1.5af911d9qqVAb1&f=top&redirectURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taobao.com%2F"
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.run_until_complete(main(username, pwd, url))exe_js.py
js1 = '''() =>{
Object.defineProperties(navigator,{
webdriver:{
get: () => false
}
})
}'''
js2 = '''() => {
alert (
window.navigator.webdriver
)
}'''
js3 = '''() => {
window.navigator.chrome = {
runtime: {},
// etc.
};
}'''
js4 = '''() =>{
Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'languages', {
get: () => ['en-US', 'en']
});
}'''
js5 = '''() =>{
Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'plugins', {
get: () => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6],
});
}'''
alifunc.py
from retrying import retry # 错误自动重试
import time, asyncio, random
def retry_if_result_none(result):
return result is None
@retry(retry_on_result=retry_if_result_none, )
async def mouse_slide(page=None):
await asyncio.sleep(3)
try:
await page.hover('#nc_1_n1z')
await page.mouse.down()
await page.mouse.move(2000, 0, {'delay': random.randint(1000, 2000)})
await page.mouse.up()
except Exception as e:
print(e, ' :slide login False')
return None
else:
await asyncio.sleep(3)
slider_again = await page.Jeval('.nc-lang-cnt', 'node => node.textContent')
if slider_again != '验证通过':
return None
else:
await page.screenshot({'path': './headless-slide-result.png'})
print('验证通过')
return 1
def input_time_random():
return random.randint(100, 151)
利用获取到的cookie 爬取搜索内容
import json
import requests
import re
# 设置 cookie 池 随机发送请求 通过 pyppeteer 获取 cookie
cookie = '_tb_token_=edd7e354dee53;t=fed8f4ca1946ca1e73223cfae04bc589;sg=20f;cna=2uJSFdQGmDMCAbfFWXWAC4Jv;cookie2=1db6cd63ad358170ea13319f7a862c33;_l_g_=Ug%3D%3D;v=0;unb=3150916610;skt=49cbfd5e01d1b550;cookie1=BxVRmD3sh19TaAU6lH88bHw5oq%2BgcAGcRe229Hj5DTA%3D;csg=cf45a9e2;uc3=vt3=F8dByEazRMnQZDe%2F9qI%3D&id2=UNGTqfZ61Z3rsA%3D%3D&nk2=oicxO%2BHX4Pg%3D&lg2=U%2BGCWk%2F75gdr5Q%3D%3D;existShop=MTU1Njg3MDM3MA%3D%3D;tracknick=%5Cu7433150322;lgc=%5Cu7433150322;_cc_=V32FPkk%2Fhw%3D%3D;mt=ci=86_1;dnk=%5Cu7433150322;_nk_=%5Cu7433150322;cookie17=UNGTqfZ61Z3rsA%3D%3D;tg=0;enc=tThHs6Sn3BAl8v1fu3J4tMpgzA1n%2BLzxjib0vDAtGsXJCb4hqQZ7Z9fHIzsN0WghdcKEsoeKz6mBwPUpyzLOZw%3D%3D;JSESSIONID=B3F383B3467EC60F8CA425935232D395;l=bBMspAhrveV5732DBOCanurza77OSIRYYuPzaNbMi_5pm6T_G4QOlC03xF96VjfRswYBqh6Mygv9-etuZ;hng=CN%7Czh-CN%7CCNY%7C156;isg=BLi41Q8PENDal3xUVsA-aPbfiWaKiRzB6vcTu_IpBPOmDVj3mjHsO86vxUQYW9SD;uc1=cookie16=W5iHLLyFPlMGbLDwA%2BdvAGZqLg%3D%3D&cookie21=W5iHLLyFeYZ1WM9hVnmS&cookie15=UIHiLt3xD8xYTw%3D%3D&existShop=false&pas=0&cookie14=UoTZ4ttqLhxJww%3D%3D&tag=8&lng=zh_CN;thw=cn;x=e%3D1%26p%3D*%26s%3D0%26c%3D0%26f%3D0%26g%3D0%26t%3D0;swfstore=34617;'
headers = {
'cookie': cookie,
"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.103 Safari/537.36"
}
rep = requests.get('https://s.taobao.com/search?q=手机&p4ppushleft=1%2C48&s=0&sort=sale-desc ', headers=headers)
rep.encoding = 'utf-8'
res = rep.text
print(res)
r = re.compile(r'g_page_config = (.*?)g_srp_loadCss', re.S)
res = r.findall(res)
data = res[0].strip().rstrip(';')
dic_data = json.loads(data)
auctions = dic_data.get('mods')['itemlist']['data']['auctions']
# print(auctions,len(auctions))
for item in auctions[1:]:
print(item)
break针对iframe 的操作
page.frames 获取所有的 iframe 列表 需要判断操作的是哪一个 iframe 跟操作 page 一样操作
from pyppeteer import launch
import asyncio
async def main(url):
w = await launch({'headless': False, 'args': ['--no-sandbox'], })
page = await w.newPage()
await page.setViewport({"width": 1366, 'height': 800})
await page.goto(url)
try:
await asyncio.sleep(1)
frame = page.frames
print(frame) # 需要找到是哪一个 frame
title = await frame[1].title()
print(title)
await asyncio.sleep(1)
login = await frame[1].querySelector('#switcher_plogin')
print(login)
await login.click()
await asyncio.sleep(20)
except Exception as e:
print(e, "EEEEEEEEE")
for _page in await w.pages():
await _page.close()
await w.close()
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main("https://i.qq.com/?rd=1"))
# asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main("https://www.gushici.com/"))未完传送门：pyppeteer执行js绕过webdriver监测方法下
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