简介
本文介绍InheritableThreadLocal的用法。
ThreadLocal可以将数据绑定当前线程,如果希望当前线程的ThreadLocal的数据被子线程使用,实现方式就会相当困难(需要用户自己在代码中传递)。
InheritableThreadLocal可以方便地让子线程自动获取父线程ThreadLocal的数据。
ThreadLocal和InheritableThreadLocal都要注意,用完后要调用其remove()方法,不然可能导致内存泄露或者产生脏数据。
问题复现
代码
package com.example.a;
public class Demo {
private static ThreadLocal<String> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>();
public static void main(String[] args) {
threadLocal.set("hello");
System.out.println("主线程获取的value:" + threadLocal.get());
Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
String value = threadLocal.get();
System.out.println("子线程获取的value:" + value);
// 一定要remove,不然可能导致内存泄漏
threadLocal.remove();
}
});
thread.start();
}
}
结果(子线程无法获取父线程设置的值)
主线程获取的value:hello
子线程获取的value:null
解决方案
只需要将ThreadLocal变成InheritableThreadLocal。
代码
package com.example.a;
public class Demo {
private static InheritableThreadLocal<String> inheritableThreadLocal = new InheritableThreadLocal<>();
public static void main(String[] args) {
inheritableThreadLocal.set("hello");
System.out.println("主线程获取的value:" + inheritableThreadLocal.get());
Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
String value = inheritableThreadLocal.get();
System.out.println("子线程获取的value:" + value);
// 一定要remove,不然可能导致内存泄漏
inheritableThreadLocal.remove();
}
});
thread.start();
}
}
结果(子线程可以获取父线程设置的值)
主线程获取的value:hello
子线程获取的value:hello
源码分析
源码查看
InheritableThreadLocal的源代码:
package java.lang;
import java.lang.ref.*;
public class InheritableThreadLocal<T> extends ThreadLocal<T> {
protected T childValue(T parentValue) {
return parentValue;
}
ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
return t.inheritableThreadLocals;
}
void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
t.inheritableThreadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
}
}
这个类继承了ThreadLocal,并且重写了getMap和createMap方法,区别是:InheritableThreadLocal将 ThreadLocal 中的 threadLocals 换成了 inheritableThreadLocals,这两个变量都是ThreadLocalMap类型,并且都是Thread类的属性。
InheritableThreadLocal为什么能拿到父线程中的ThreadLocal值?
1.InheritableThreadLocal的get方法
InheritableThreadLocal获取值先调用了get方法,所以我们直接看看get方法都做了些啥。
public T get() {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null) {
ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
if (e != null) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
T result = (T)e.value;
return result;
}
}
return setInitialValue();
}
可以看出,get方法和ThreadLocal中是一样的,唯一有区别的就是其中的getMap方法重写了,返回的是inheritableThreadLocals属性。这个属性也是一个ThreadLocalMap类型的变量。那么可以推断:是在某处将父线程中的ThreadLocal值赋值到了子线程的inheritableThreadLocals中。
2.子线程inheritableThreadLocals的赋值过程
private void init(ThreadGroup g, Runnable target, String name,long stackSize, AccessControlContext acc) {
if (name == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("name cannot be null");
}
this.name = name.toCharArray();
Thread parent = currentThread();
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (g == null) {
if (security != null) {
g = security.getThreadGroup();
}
if (g == null) {
g = parent.getThreadGroup();
}
}
g.checkAccess();
if (security != null) {
if (isCCLOverridden(getClass())) {
security.checkPermission(SUBCLASS_IMPLEMENTATION_PERMISSION);
}
}
g.addUnstarted();
this.group = g;
this.daemon = parent.isDaemon();
this.priority = parent.getPriority();
if (security == null || isCCLOverridden(parent.getClass()))
this.contextClassLoader = parent.getContextClassLoader();
else
this.contextClassLoader = parent.contextClassLoader;
this.inheritedAccessControlContext =
acc != null ? acc : AccessController.getContext();
this.target = target;
setPriority(priority);
//1. 这边先判断了父线程中inheritableThreadLocals属性是否为空,不为空的话就复制给子线程
if (parent.inheritableThreadLocals != null)
this.inheritableThreadLocals = ThreadLocal.createInheritedMap(parent.inheritableThreadLocals);
this.stackSize = stackSize;
tid = nextThreadID();
}
注意
一旦子线程被创建以后,再操作父线程中的ThreadLocal变量,那么子线程是不能感知的。因为父线程和子线程还是拥有各自的ThreadLocalMap,只是在创建子线程的“一刹那”将父线程的ThreadLocalMap复制给子线程,后续两者就没啥关系了。
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