前提
其实很多框架都是对另一个框架的封装,我们在学习类似的框架的时候,难免会进入误区,所以我们就应该对其进行总结归纳,对比。本文就是对hibernate,jpa,spring data jpa三者之间进行文字对比,以及对其三者分别进行CRUD操作。
文字说明
Hibernate
Hibernate是一个开放源代码的对象关系映射框架,它对JDBC进行了非常轻量级的对象封装,它将POJO与数据库表建立映射关系,是一个全自动的orm框架,hibernate可以自动生成SQL语句,自动执行,使得Java程序员可以随心所欲的使用对象编程思维来操纵数据库。
JPA
JPA全称是Java Persistence API,即java持久化API,是sun公司推出的一套基于ORM的规范,内部由一系列的接口和抽象类构成。
JPA与Hibetnate的关系
JPA和Hibernate的关系就像JDBC和JDBC驱动的关系,JPA是规范,Hibernate除了作为ORM框架之外,它也是一种JPA实现。JPA怎么取代Hibernate呢?JDBC规范可以驱动底层数据库吗?答案是否定的,也就是说,如果使用JPA规范进行数据库操作,底层需要hibernate作为其实现类完成数据持久化工作。
Spring Data jpa
Spring Data JPA 让我们解脱了DAO层的操作,基本上所有CRUD都可以依赖于它来实现,在实际的工作工程中,推荐使用Spring Data JPA + ORM(如:hibernate)完成操作,这样在切换不同的ORM框架时提供了极大的方便,同时也使数据库层操作更加简单,方便解耦
Hibernate、JPA与Spring Data JPA之间的关系
JPA是一套规范,内部是有接口和抽象类组成的。hibernate是一套成熟的ORM框架,而且Hibernate实现了JPA规范,所以也可以称hibernate为JPA的一种实现方式,我们使用JPA的API编程,意味着站在更高的角度上看待问题(面向接口编程)Spring Data JPA是Spring提供的一套对JPA操作更加高级的封装,是在JPA规范下的专门用来进行数据持久化的解决方案。以上就是对hibernate、JPA与Spring Data JPA三者之间的关系说明。
总结:
JPA是一种规范,Hibernate实现了JPA规范,即Hibernate为JPA的一种实现;而Spring Data JPA是对JPA进行更高级的封装,让其dao编码变得更简单。
CRUD操作
hibernate的crud操作
首先创建数据库表
创建hibernate核心配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql:///hibernate</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">root</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.provider_class">org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider</property>
<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
<property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
<!-- 配置和当前线程绑定的session进行开启配置 -->
<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<!-- 引入映射文件 -->
<mapping resource="cn/itcast/domain/Customer.hbm.xml" />
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuratio
创建实体类Customer(和数据库表映射的类)
package cn.itcast.domain;
public class Customer
{
private Long cust_id;// '客户编号(主键)',
private String cust_name;// '客户名称(公司名称)',
private String cust_source;// '客户信息来源',
private String cust_industry;//'客户所属行业',
private String cust_level;// '客户级别',
private String cust_address;// '客户联系地址',
private String cust_phone;// '客户联系电话',
public Long getCust_id() {
return cust_id;
}
public void setCust_id(Long cust_id) {
this.cust_id = cust_id;
}
public String getCust_name() {
return cust_name;
}
public void setCust_name(String cust_name) {
this.cust_name = cust_name;
}
public String getCust_source() {
return cust_source;
}
public void setCust_source(String cust_source) {
this.cust_source = cust_source;
}
public String getCust_industry() {
return cust_industry;
}
public void setCust_industry(String cust_industry) {
this.cust_industry = cust_industry;
}
public String getCust_level() {
return cust_level;
}
public void setCust_level(String cust_level) {
this.cust_level = cust_level;
}
public String getCust_address() {
return cust_address;
}
public void setCust_address(String cust_address) {
this.cust_address = cust_address;
}
public String getCust_phone() {
return cust_phone;
}
public void setCust_phone(String cust_phone) {
this.cust_phone = cust_phone;
}
}
创建Hibernate映射文件Customer.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- 做类(Customer)和表(cst_customer)的映射关系 -->
<hibernate-mapping>
<!--
class标签: 作用类和表的映射的
name:类的全限定名(cn.itcast.domain.Customer)
table:表的全名(cst_customer)
-->
<class name="cn.itcast.domain.Customer" table="cst_customer">
<!--
id标签:做类中的某个属性 和 表的主键映射关系
name:类的某个属性名
column:表的主键字段名
-->
<id name="cust_id" column="cust_id">
<!-- 做主键的增长方式的
native: AUTO_INCREMENT 让主键自动增长 -->
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<!--
property标签:做其它属性和其它字段的映射关系
name属性:类的其它属性名
column属性:表的其它字段名
ps:如果属性名和字段名一致 column可以省略不写
-->
<property name="cust_name" column="cust_name" length="20" not-null="true" unique="true"></property>
<property name="cust_source" column="cust_source"></property>
<property name="cust_industry" column="cust_industry"></property>
<property name="cust_level" column="cust_level"></property>
<property name="cust_address" column="cust_address"></property>
<property name="cust_phone" column="cust_phone"></property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
以上我们就完成了dao层的编码工作。现在我们来测试:
创建工具类HibernateUtils
package cn.itcast.utils;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class HibernateUtils
{
static Configuration configuration =null;
static SessionFactory sessionFactory = null;
static
{
// 加载一次配置文件
configuration = new Configuration();
configuration.configure();
// 获取一个sessionFactory
sessionFactory=configuration.buildSessionFactory();
}
// 从连接池获取的
public static Session openSession()
{
return sessionFactory.openSession();
}
// 从当前线程中获取绑定的session
// 好处: 在多层之间调用方法获取的都是同一个session
public static Session getCurrentSession()
{
Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
return session;
}
}
通过以上工具类,我们就可以轻松地获取管理hibernate的seesion对象,session对象具备crud的一系列方法。
save():保存操作
@Test
public void test2()
{
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setCust_name("bbbbb");
session.save(customer);
tx.commit();
session.close();
}
get():查询
// oid查询
@Test
public void test1() {
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
Customer customser = session.get(Customer.class, "abcdefg");
System.out.println(customser);
tx.commit();
session.close();
// 只有增删改 一级oid查询 才会自动生成sql语句
}
通过HQL方式查询:
@Test
public void test3() {
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
// 条件查 类似sql语句的表达式 from 持久化类 where 属性=?
Query qr = session.createQuery("from Customer where cust_name like ?");
qr.setParameter(0, "h%");
List<Customer> list = qr.list();
for (Customer customer : list) {
System.out.println(customer);
}
tx.commit();
session.close();
}
通过sql方式查询:
@Test
public void test5() {
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
// 单列查 返回是Object
Query qr = session.createQuery("select cust_id from Customer");
List<Object> list = qr.list();
for (Object object : list) {
System.out.println(object);
}
tx.commit();
session.close();
}
JPA的crud操作
该操作我们用maven的方式来构建依赖
首先我们需要引入依赖:
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</project.hibernate.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate对jpa的支持包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${project.hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- c3p0 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
<version>${project.hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log日志 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Mysql and MariaDB -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
在resources目录下创建META-INF目录,并在该目录下创建persistence.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"
version="2.0">
<!--配置持久化单元
name:持久化单元名称
transaction-type:事务类型
RESOURCE_LOCAL:本地事务管理
JTA:分布式事务管理 -->
<persistence-unit name="myJpa" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
<!--配置JPA规范的服务提供商 -->
<provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
<properties>
<!-- 数据库驱动 -->
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<!-- 数据库地址 -->
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa?characterEncoding=utf-8" />
<!-- 数据库用户名 -->
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="root" />
<!-- 数据库密码 -->
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="root" />
<!--jpa提供者的可选配置:我们的JPA规范的提供者为hibernate,所以jpa的核心配置中兼容hibernate的 -->
<!--配置jpa实现方(hibernate)的配置信息
显示sql : false|true
自动创建数据库表 : hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto
create : 程序运行时创建数据库表(如果有表,先删除表再创建)
update :程序运行时创建表(如果有表,不会创建表)
none :不会创建表
-->
<property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" />
<property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true" />
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create" />
</properties>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>
创建和数据库表映射的实体类
package com.ithubei.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity //声明该类是和数据库表映射的实体类
@Table(name="cst_customer") //建立实体类与表的映射关系
public class Customer implements Serializable{
@Id //声明当前私有属性为主键
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY) //配置主键的生成策略,为自增主键
@Column(name = "cust_id")
private Long custId;
@Column(name="cust_name") //指定和表中cust_name字段的映射关系
private String custName;
@Column(name="cust_source") //指定和表中cust_source字段的映射关系
private String custSource;
@Column(name="cust_industry")
private String custIndustry;
@Column(name="cust_level")
private String custLevel;
@Column(name="cust_address")
private String custAddress;
@Column(name="cust_phone")
private String custPhone;
public Long getCustId() {
return custId;
}
public void setCustId(Long custId) {
this.custId = custId;
}
public String getCustName() {
return custName;
}
public void setCustName(String custName) {
this.custName = custName;
}
public String getCustSource() {
return custSource;
}
public void setCustSource(String custSource) {
this.custSource = custSource;
}
public String getCustIndustry() {
return custIndustry;
}
public void setCustIndustry(String custIndustry) {
this.custIndustry = custIndustry;
}
public String getCustLevel() {
return custLevel;
}
public void setCustLevel(String custLevel) {
this.custLevel = custLevel;
}
public String getCustAddress() {
return custAddress;
}
public void setCustAddress(String custAddress) {
this.custAddress = custAddress;
}
public String getCustPhone() {
return custPhone;
}
public void setCustPhone(String custPhone) {
this.custPhone = custPhone;
}
}
创建工具类JpaUtils
package com.ithubei.utils;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;
public class JpaUtils {
private static EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory;
static {
//1.加载配置文件,创建entityManagerFactory
entityManagerFactory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("myJpa");
}
public static EntityManager getEntityManager() {
return entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
}
}
通过以上工具类,我们就可以得到EntityManager实体管理类来进行crud等操作。
在 JPA 规范中, EntityManager是完成持久化操作的核心对象。实体类作为普通 java对象,只有在调用 EntityManager将其持久化后才会变成持久化对象。EntityManager对象在一组实体类与底层数据源之间进行 O/R 映射的管理。它可以用来管理和更新 Entity Bean, 根椐主键查找 Entity Bean, 还可以通过JPQL语句查询实体。
我们可以通过调用EntityManager的方法完成获取事务,以及持久化数据库的操作。
方法说明:
getTransaction
:获取事务对象persist
:保存操作merge
:更新操作remove
:删除操作find
(立即加载)/getReference
(延迟加载):根据id查询
现在我们就来通过EntityManager对象来进行crud操作。
测试:
package com.ithubei.test;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.ithubei.entity.Customer;
import com.ithubei.utils.JpaUtils;
public class JpaTest {
@Test
public void testSave() {
//通过工具类来获取EntityManager对象
EntityManager em = JpaUtils.getEntityManager();
//获取事务对象
EntityTransaction tx = em.getTransaction();
tx.begin(); //开启事务
//完成增删改查操作,保存一个用户到数据库中
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setCustName("授课");
customer.setCustIndustry("教育");
//保存操作
em.persist(customer);
tx.commit(); //提交事务
em.close(); //释放资源
}
@Test
public void testAdd() {
// 定义对象
Customer c = new Customer();
c.setCustName("传智学院");
c.setCustLevel("VIP客户");
c.setCustSource("网络");
c.setCustIndustry("IT教育");
c.setCustAddress("昌平区北七家镇");
c.setCustPhone("010-84389340");
EntityManager em = null;
EntityTransaction tx = null;
try {
// 获取实体管理对象
em = JpaUtils.getEntityManager();
// 获取事务对象
tx = em.getTransaction();
// 开启事务
tx.begin();
// 执行操作
em.persist(c);
// 提交事务
tx.commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
// 回滚事务
tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 释放资源
em.close();
}
}
@Test
public void testMerge(){
//定义对象
EntityManager em=null;
EntityTransaction tx=null;
try{
//获取实体管理对象
em=JpaUtils.getEntityManager();
//获取事务对象
tx=em.getTransaction();
//开启事务
tx.begin();
//执行操作
Customer c1 = em.find(Customer.class, 6L);
c1.setCustName("江苏传智学院");
em.clear();//把c1对象从缓存中清除出去
em.merge(c1);
//提交事务
tx.commit();
}catch(Exception e){
//回滚事务
tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
//释放资源
em.close();
}
}
@Test
public void testRemove() {
// 定义对象
EntityManager em = null;
EntityTransaction tx = null;
try {
// 获取实体管理对象
em = JpaUtils.getEntityManager();
// 获取事务对象
tx = em.getTransaction();
// 开启事务
tx.begin();
// 执行操作
Customer c1 = em.find(Customer.class, 6L);
em.remove(c1);
// 提交事务
tx.commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
// 回滚事务
tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 释放资源
em.close();
}
}
@Test
public void testGetOne() {
// 定义对象
EntityManager em = null;
EntityTransaction tx = null;
try {
// 获取实体管理对象
em = JpaUtils.getEntityManager();
// 获取事务对象
tx = em.getTransaction();
// 开启事务
tx.begin();
// 执行操作
Customer c1 = em.find(Customer.class, 96);
// 提交事务
tx.commit();
System.out.println(c1); // 输出查询对象
} catch (Exception e) {
// 回滚事务
tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 释放资源
em.close();
}
}
}
虽然我们已经使用EntityManager对象完成了JPA的新增改查操作,但是我们这里还要介绍另外一种查询方式,那就是JPQL(java持久化查询语言),JPQL与hibernate的HQL方式类似。
package com.ithubei.test;
import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;
import javax.persistence.Query;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.ithubei.utils.JpaUtils;
public class JpqlTest {
@Test
public void findAll() {
EntityManager em = null;
EntityTransaction tx = null;
try {
//获取是管理对象
em = JpaUtils.getEntityManager();
//获取事务对象
tx = em.getTransaction();
//开启事务
tx.begin();
String jpql = "from Customer";
//创建query对象
Query query = em.createQuery(jpql);
//使用query对象查询客户信息
List list = query.getResultList(); //查询所有的客户
for (Object object : list) {
System.out.println(object);
}
//提交事务
tx.commit();
}catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
//发生异常进行回滚
tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//释放资源
em.close();
}
}
//分页查询客户
@Test
public void findPaged () {
EntityManager em = null;
EntityTransaction tx = null;
try {
//获取实体管理对象
em = JpaUtils.getEntityManager();
//获取事务对象
tx = em.getTransaction();
tx.begin();
//创建query对象
String jpql = "from Customer";
Query query = em.createQuery(jpql);
//起始索引
query.setFirstResult(0);
//每页显示条数
query.setMaxResults(2);
//查询并得到返回结果
List list = query.getResultList(); //得到集合返回类型
for (Object object : list) {
System.out.println(object);
}
tx.commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
// 回滚事务
tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 释放资源
em.close();
}
}
//条件查询
@Test
public void findCondition () {
EntityManager em = null;
EntityTransaction tx = null;
try {
//获取实体管理对象
em = JpaUtils.getEntityManager();
//获取事务对象
tx = em.getTransaction();
tx.begin();
//创建query对象
String jpql = "from Customer where custName like ? ";
Query query = em.createQuery(jpql);
//对占位符赋值,从1开始
query.setParameter(1, "传智%");
//查询并得到返回结果
Object object = query.getSingleResult(); //得到唯一的结果集对象
System.out.println(object);
tx.commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
// 回滚事务
tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 释放资源
em.close();
}
}
//根据客户id倒序查询所有客户
//查询所有客户
@Test
public void testOrder() {
EntityManager em = null;
EntityTransaction tx = null;
try {
//获取实体管理对象
em = JpaUtils.getEntityManager();
//获取事务对象
tx = em.getTransaction();
tx.begin();
// 创建query对象
String jpql = "from Customer order by custId desc";
Query query = em.createQuery(jpql);
// 查询并得到返回结果
List list = query.getResultList(); // 得到集合返回类型
for (Object object : list) {
System.out.println(object);
}
tx.commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
// 回滚事务
tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 释放资源
em.close();
}
}
//统计查询
@Test
public void findCount() {
EntityManager em = null;
EntityTransaction tx = null;
try {
//获取实体管理对象
em = JpaUtils.getEntityManager();
//获取事务对象
tx = em.getTransaction();
tx.begin();
// 查询全部客户
// 1.创建query对象
String jpql = "select count(custId) from Customer";
Query query = em.createQuery(jpql);
// 2.查询并得到返回结果
Object count = query.getSingleResult(); // 得到集合返回类型
System.out.println(count); //客户人数
tx.commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
// 回滚事务
tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 释放资源
em.close();
}
}
}
通过以上等操作,我们就完成了JPA的crud操作。
接下来我们就开始使用spring data jpa来完成crud操作,让我们体会一下什么叫优势。
spring data jpa的crud操作:
首先我们需要引入依赖
<properties>
<spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
<hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
<c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- junit单元测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.9</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.6.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring end -->
<!-- hibernate beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>5.2.1.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate end -->
<!-- c3p0 beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>${c3p0.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- c3p0 end -->
<!-- log end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- el beg 使用spring data jpa 必须引入 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.el</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- el end -->
</dependencies>
创建spring配置文件applicationContext.xml,使用spring来管理
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">
<!-- 1.dataSource 配置数据库连接池-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa?characterEncoding=utf-8" />
<property name="user" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="root" />
</bean>
<!-- 2.配置entityManagerFactory -->
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="packagesToScan" value="com.ithubei.entity" />
<property name="persistenceProvider">
<bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider" />
</property>
<!--JPA的供应商适配器-->
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<property name="generateDdl" value="false" />
<property name="database" value="MYSQL" />
<property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
<property name="showSql" value="true" />
</bean>
</property>
<property name="jpaDialect">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect" />
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 3.事务管理器-->
<!-- JPA事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
</bean>
<!-- 整合spring data jpa-->
<jpa:repositories base-package="com.ithubei.dao"
transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"></jpa:repositories>
<!-- 4.txAdvice-->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!-- 5.aop-->
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.ithubei.service.*.*(..))" />
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut" />
</aop:config>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ithubei"></context:component-scan>
<!--组装其它 配置文件-->
</beans>
创建和数据库表映射的实体类
package com.ithubei.entity;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity //声明实体类
@Table(name="cst_customer") //建立实体类和表的映射关系
public class Customer {
@Id//声明当前私有属性为主键
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY) //配置主键的生成策略
@Column(name="cust_id") //指定和表中cust_id字段的映射关系
private Long custId;
@Column(name="cust_name") //指定和表中cust_name字段的映射关系
private String custName;
@Column(name="cust_source")//指定和表中cust_source字段的映射关系
private String custSource;
@Column(name="cust_industry")//指定和表中cust_industry字段的映射关系
private String custIndustry;
@Column(name="cust_level")//指定和表中cust_level字段的映射关系
private String custLevel;
@Column(name="cust_address")//指定和表中cust_address字段的映射关系
private String custAddress;
@Column(name="cust_phone")//指定和表中cust_phone字段的映射关系
private String custPhone;
public Long getCustId() {
return custId;
}
public void setCustId(Long custId) {
this.custId = custId;
}
public String getCustName() {
return custName;
}
public void setCustName(String custName) {
this.custName = custName;
}
public String getCustSource() {
return custSource;
}
public void setCustSource(String custSource) {
this.custSource = custSource;
}
public String getCustIndustry() {
return custIndustry;
}
public void setCustIndustry(String custIndustry) {
this.custIndustry = custIndustry;
}
public String getCustLevel() {
return custLevel;
}
public void setCustLevel(String custLevel) {
this.custLevel = custLevel;
}
public String getCustAddress() {
return custAddress;
}
public void setCustAddress(String custAddress) {
this.custAddress = custAddress;
}
public String getCustPhone() {
return custPhone;
}
public void setCustPhone(String custPhone) {
this.custPhone = custPhone;
}
}
创建dao层接口CustomerDao,并继承JpaRepository和JpaSpecificationExecutor接口
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer, Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer>{
}
dao层编码已经写好了,现在我们就可以来测试CustomerDao来实现crud操作。
package com.ithubei.test;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import com.ithubei.dao.CustomerDao;
import com.ithubei.entity.Customer;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations="classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class CustomerDaoTest {
@Autowired
private CustomerDao customerDao;
@Test
public void testSave() {
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setCustName("黑马程序员");
//保存
customerDao.save(customer);
}
@Test
public void testUpdate() {
//先根据id查询id为1的客户
Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(96l);
//修改客户名称
customer.setCustName("授课123");
//更新
customerDao.save(customer);
}
@Test
public void testDelete() {
customerDao.delete(96l);
}
@Test
public void testFindById() {
Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(97l);
System.out.println(customer);
}
}
通过以上测试,我们发现CustomerDao接口下并没有写任何的方法,但是它却具备了crud等操作,只是因为它继承了JpaRepository和JpaSpecificationExecutor两个接口,我们就可以使用这两个接口为我们提供的方法来进行crud等操作。
现在我们就来看一下这两个接口下的方法列表:
这两个接口中定义了如此多的方法,方便我们在我们项目中完成基本的操作了。
spring data jpa是一个优势,它减轻了我们的工作量。所以学会它是每个程序员应该做的事情,建议大家都能够去学好它。
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持编程网。