用这种方式来搭建DG ，主库的停机时间很少，只需要重启一下，使参数生效。也可以用这种方法进行DB迁移。DG搭建好，然后把备库激活就可以了。 这样整个迁移中宕机时间也比较短。
Oracle 11g的pyhsical standby 支持open read only 下的apply和Real-time query。 因此就有了physical standby 稳定和logical standby 的报表查询功能。
Oracle： 11.2.0.1
OS： redhat 5.5
Primary IP: 192.168.2.42
DB_NAME=sanfu
Standby IP: 192.168.2.43
DB_NAME=sanfu
一. Primary 端操作：
1. 设置归档模式
这个生产库都是这种模式。
SQL> archive log list;
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> archive log list;
2. Primary 设置force logging
SQL> alter database force logging;
SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
FORCE_LOG
---------
YES
3. 配置Oracle Net
在Primary 库和Standby 都要修改。也可以使用netca 和netmgr命令配置。
注意：修改完后记得重启listener。
Listener.ora
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 admin]$ cat listener.ora
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost6.localdomain6)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
-- 配置静态注册
tnsname.ora
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
sanfus =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.43)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
sanfup =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.42)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
4. 添加data guard 参数
创建pfile, 添加如下文件：
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_unique_name='sanfup'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(sanfup,sanfus)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=sanfup'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=sanfus reopen=120 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=sanfus'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
*.standby_file_management='auto'
*.fal_server='sanfus'
*.fal_client='sanfup'
注意：
在Oracle 11g的Data Guard中，standby_archive_dest参数已经被取消了。
Standby归档文件的存放位置按如下规则来进行：
（1）当LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n设置了valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles)，那么在不定义standby_archive_dest参数时，Oracle就会选择LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n参数作为归档目标。
（2）如果在第一步设置的同时，又独立设置LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n参数为 valid_for=(standby_logfile,*) 属性，那么当compatible参数大于10.0的时候，会自动的选择任意一个LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n的值。
（3）如果LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n 没有设置的话，默认位置是：
$ORACLE_HOME/dbs.
不过valid_for参数的默认值就是all_logfiles和all_roles. 所以只要设置了本地的归档位置，远程的归档文件也会放到这个目录下面。
5. 用新pfile重启主库
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora';
File created.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 422670336 bytes
Fixed Size 1336960 bytes
Variable Size 310380928 bytes
Database Buffers 104857600 bytes
Redo Buffers 6094848 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
二. Standby 端设置：
1. 创建相关目录结构
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 trace]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave
--这里我们创建的目录和Target 库不同，我们在参数文件里需要转换一下。
2. 创建standby的口令文件
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 trace]$ orapwd file=?/dbs/orapwdave password=oracle
3. 创建standby的初始化参数：
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*db_name=orcl
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control01.ctl', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control02.ctl',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control03.ctl'
*.db_unique_name='sanfus'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(sanfup,sanfus)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archivelog valid_for=(standby_logfile, standby_role) db_unique_name=sanfus'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=sanfup reopen=120 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=sanfup'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
*.standby_file_management='auto'
*.fal_server='sanfup'
*.fal_client='sanfus'
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave'
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave'
4. 用pfile 将standby 启动到nomount状态：
SQL> startup nomount pfile=?/dbs/initorcl.ora
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 146472960 bytes
Fixed Size 1335080 bytes
Variable Size 92274904 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 2531328 bytes
5. 开始duplicate
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 dbs]$ rman target sys/oracle@sanfup auxiliary sys/oracle@sanfus
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Mar 8 16:10:25 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1272955137)
connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database;
Starting Duplicate Db at 08-MAR-11
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
targetfile '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapworcl' auxiliary format
'/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapworcl' ;
--用duplicate 创建standby 时会复制口令文件
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 08-MAR-11
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=45 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 08-MAR-11
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control01.ctl';
restore clone controlfile to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control02.ctl' from
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control01.ctl';
restore clone controlfile to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control03.ctl' from
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control01.ctl';
--创建控制文件
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 08-MAR-11
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f tag=TAG20110308T161152 RECID=4 STAMP=745258313
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 08-MAR-11
Starting restore at 08-MAR-11
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 08-MAR-11
Starting restore at 08-MAR-11
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 08-MAR-11
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
--将备库启动到mount standby
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter database mount standby database
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf";
switch clone tempfile all;
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/system01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 2 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/sysaux01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/undotbs01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/users01.dbf";
backup as copy reuse
datafile 1 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/system01.dbf" datafile
2 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/sysaux01.dbf" datafile
3 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/undotbs01.dbf" datafile
4 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/users01.dbf" ;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
--将datafile convert 到其他目录
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf in control file
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting backup at 08-MAR-11
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
--开始copy datafile，如果数据文件比较大，这个会比较慢
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/system01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T161204
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T161204
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T161204
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/users01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T161204
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 08-MAR-11
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=745258432 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=745258432 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=745258432 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=745258432 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/users01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 08-MAR-11
RMAN>
DG 复制到这一步已经操作完成了。 但是还有一些细节需要处理。
两点注意事项：
（1）如果使用的是非catalog，在rman 连接时，加上nocatalog关键字，如：
DG2:/home/oracle> rman targetsys/oracle@DG_PD auxiliarysys/oracle@DG_ST nocatalog
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 -Production on Fri Oct 28 18:46:46 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: DG(DBID=1679060044)
using target databasecontrol file instead of recovery catalog
connected to auxiliary database: DG (notmounted)
不然会报如下错误：
DBGSQL: TARGET> begin :fhdbi := dbms_rcvcat.getDbid; end;
DBGSQL: sqlcode = 6550
DBGSQL: B :fhdbi = 32767
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGESTACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571:===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of Duplicate Db commandat 10/28/2011 17:53:04
RMAN-05501: aborting duplication of targetdatabase
RMAN-03015: error occurred in stored scriptMemory Script
ORA-06550: line 1, column 17:
PLS-00201: identifier'DBMS_RCVCAT.GETDBID' must be declared
ORA-06550: line 1, column 7:
PL/SQL: Statement ignored
（2） 在执行duplicate的时候，如果源库和目标库目录相同，那么在duplicate 时，需要加上nofilenamecheck，如下：
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database dorecover nofilenamecheck;
我在上面的示例中，目录结构不同，所以没有用该参数，如果目录相同，而又没有加该参数，那么就会报如下错误：
RMAN> duplicate target database forstandby from active database dorecover nofilenamecheck;
RMAN-05501: aborting duplication of targetdatabase
RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/users01.dbf conflicts with a file used by the targetdatabase
RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/undotbs01.dbf conflicts with a file used by thetarget database
RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/sysaux01.dbf conflicts with a file used by thetarget database
RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/system01.dbf conflicts with a file used by thetarget database
三. 后续工作
1. 主库已经使用了spfile，但是备库用的还是之前的pfile：
Primary:
SQL> show parameter pfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ------- ------------------------------
spfile string /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
Standby:
SQL> show parameter pfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile string
pfile里面都是我们设置的一些基本参数。 但是备库有冗余的作用，所以这里还是建议用主库的pfile copy过来，然后修改相关参数后，在创建spfile。这样即使切换了，对DB的影响也不大。
2. 只要备库的监听不重启，重启备库后，主库还是能识别的。 如果备库的监听重启了。那么主库也就需要重启。
3. 复制结束后的Standby 只启动到mount standby 的状态。 并没有启动MRP的应用归档程序。 所以这个时候查询主备库，归档是不同步的。需要手动的启动MRP进程。
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
4. 备库Standby redo log 问题：
在duplicate 结束后，备库没有添加standby redo log file。 但是主库采用的是：lgwr async传送的日志。 当备库的RFS 进程接收到日志后，发现备库没有standby redo log的时候，备库会自动用ARCH将其写入归档文件。
以下是备库的alert log：
Tue Mar 08 16:53:32 2011
Archived Log entry 9 added for thread 1 sequence 21 rlc 745174404 ID 0x4bdfd301 dest 2:
RFS[2]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 22 dbid 1272955137 branch 745174404
Tue Mar 08 16:53:36 2011
Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_21_745174404.dbf
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 22 (in transit) --传输中
Tue Mar 08 16:58:58 2011
Archived Log entry 10 added for thread 1 sequence 22 rlc 745174404 ID 0x4bdfd301 dest 2:
RFS[2]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 23 dbid 1272955137 branch 745174404
Tue Mar 08 16:59:00 2011
Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_22_745174404.dbf
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 23 (in transit)
-- 注意这里归档文件目录，使用的是$ORACLE_HOME/dbs, 自动转换为ARCH时，也是使用默认的归档目录。
5. 在备库添加standby redo log：
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo01.log' size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo01.log' size 50m
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01156: recovery or flashback in progress may need access to files
--在备库添加standby redo log需要先停MRP
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo01.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo02.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo03.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo04.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.
在看一下日志：
Tue Mar 08 17:47:39 2011
Archived Log entry 15 added for thread 1 sequence 27 ID 0x4bdfd301 dest 1:
RFS[2]: Selected log 4 for thread 1 sequence 28 dbid 1272955137 branch 745174404
Tue Mar 08 17:47:43 2011
Archived Log entry 16 added for thread 1 sequence 28 ID 0x4bdfd301 dest 1:
Media Recovery Log /u01/archivelog/1_27_745174404.dbf
RFS[2]: Selected log 4 for thread 1 sequence 29 dbid 1272955137 branch 745174404
Media Recovery Log /u01/archivelog/1_28_745174404.dbf
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 29 (in transit)
--我们添加standby redo log 之后，归档文件变成了我们指定的Log_archive_dest_n 指定的参数。
6. 在主库也添加一下standby redo log
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdbyredo01.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdbyredo02.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdbyredo03.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdbyredo04.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
7. 启用real-time apply，从而实现real-time query：
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
Database altered.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
Database altered.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT;
Database altered.
8. 验证real-time apply 和real-time query：
Primary：
SQL> create table dave(id number,name varchar2(20));
Table created.
SQL> insert into dave values(1,'tianlesoftware');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
Standby：
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY WITH APPLY
SQL> select * from dave;
ID NAME
---------- ---------------
1 tianlesoftware
小结：
11gR2 的物理Data Guard 功能很强大.
