下面一起来了解下MHA故障转移可以帮助我们解决什么问题，相信大家看完肯定会受益匪浅，文字在精不在多，希望MHA故障转移可以帮助我们解决什么问题这篇短内容是你想要的。
MHA是一套Mysql故障切换方案，来保障数据库的高可用性，它的功能是能在0-30s之内实现主Mysql故障转移（failover），MHA故障转移可以很好的帮我们解决从库数据的一致性问题，同时最大化挽回故障发生后数据的一致性。
操作系统版本:Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.9 (Santiago)
192.168.1.11 master
192.168.1.12 slave01
192.168.1.13 slave02
192.168.1.14 manager
下面开始安装：
1.准备安装包，FTP到/usr/local/
1.1解压安装包
tar zxvf mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
重命名
mv mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
1.2 安装 辅助软件 yum -y install perl perl-devel
2.添加用户
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
3.修改目录权限
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
mkdir -p /data/mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql
4.初始化数据库
/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql--basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
5.注册服务
cp /usr/local/mysql//support-files/mysql.server/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
chkconfig --add mysql
chkconfig mysql on
6.启动服务
service mysql start
7、ssh无密码登录
#主机:master执行命令
[root@master ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[root@master ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@manager
[root@master ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@slave01
[root@master ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@slave02
#主机:slave01执行命令
[root@slave01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[root@slave01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@manager
[root@slave01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@master
[root@slave01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@slave02
#主机: slave02执行命令
[root@slave02 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[root@slave02 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@manager
[root@slave02 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@master
[root@slave02 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@slave01
#主机:manager执行命令
[root@manager ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[root@manager ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@master
[root@manager ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@slave01
[root@manager ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@slave02
8.配置Mysql云服务器
#master配置文件/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf 配置如下:
basedir = /usr/local//mysql
datadir = /data/mysql
port = 3306
server_id = 241
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
log-bin=mysql-bin
log-slave-updates
expire_logs_days = 10
#slave01配置文件/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf 配置如下:
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql
port = 3306
server_id = 242
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
log-bin=mysql-bin
log-slave-updates
expire_logs_days = 10
#slave02配置文件/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf 配置如下:
basedir = /usr/local//mysql
datadir = /data/mysql
port = 3306
server_id = 243
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
log-bin=mysql-bin
log-slave-updates
expire_logs_days = 10
read_only = 1
9.配置master、slave01和slave02之间的主从复制
在MySQL5.6 的主从配置中，master端同样要开启两个重要的选项，server-id和log-bin,并且选项server-id在全局架构中并且唯一，不能被其它主机使用，这里采用主机ip地址的最后一位充当server-id的值；slave端要开启relay-log;
#主机: master执行命令
[root@master ~]# egrep "log-bin|server_id" /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/etc/my.cnf
server_id = 11
log-bin=mysql-bin
#主机: slave01执行命令
[root@slave01 ~]# egrep "log-bin|server_id" /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/etc/my.cnf
server_id = 12
log-bin=mysql-bin
#主机: slave02执行命令
[root@slave02 ~]# egrep "log-bin|server_id" /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/etc/my.cnf
server_id = 13
log-bin=mysql-bin
10.在master、slave01上创建主从同步的账号。slave01是备用master，这个也需要建立授权用户。
[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "grant replication slave on . to 'backup'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'backup';flush privileges;"
[root@slave01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "grant replication slave on . to 'backup'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'backup';flush privileges;"
11.在master上执行命令，查看master状态信息
[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'show master status;'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 | 118 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
12.在slave01和slave02上执行主从同步
#slave01配置主从
[root@slave01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.1.11',master_user='backup',master_password='backup',master_port=3306,master_log_file='mysql-bin.000004',master_log_pos=118;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.56 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
1. row
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.11
Master_User: backup
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 118
Relay_Log_File: slave01-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 118
Relay_Log_Space: 458
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 11
Master_UUID: cb4af7bc-d600-11e5-8101-26c537b62ad9
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#slave02配置主从
[root@slave02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.1.11',master_user='backup',master_password='backup',master_port=3306,master_log_file='mysql-bin.000004',master_log_pos=118;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.56 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
1. row
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.11
Master_User: backup
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 118
Relay_Log_File: slave01-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 118
Relay_Log_Space: 458
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 11
Master_UUID: cb4af7bc-d600-11e5-8101-26c537b62ad9
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
13.开始MHA的建设
13.1、创建账号，每台数据库(master、slave01、slave02)上都要创建账号，在这里以其中master为例.。
[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "grant all privileges on . to 'mha_rep'@'192.168.1.%' identified by '123456';flush privileges;"
mysql> select host,user from user;
+---------------+---------+
| host | user |
+---------------+---------+
| 192.168.1.% | backup |
| 192.168.1.% | mha_rep |
| localhost | root |
+---------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
13.2、在3台主机上(master、slave01和slave02)上分别安装mha4mysql-node包，这里以master为例，其它主机同理。
[root@master ~]# yum install perl-DBD-MySQL -y
[root@master ~]# rpm -ivh https://downloads.mariadb.com/files/MHA/mha4mysql-node-0.54-0.el6.noarch.rpm
13.3、在manager上安装mha4mysql-manager和mha4mysql-node包
[root@manager ~]# yum install perl cpan perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Config-Tiny perl-Log-Dispatch perl-Parallel-ForkManager perl-Net-Telnet -y
[root@manager ~]# rpm -ivh https://downloads.mariadb.com/files/MHA/mha4mysql-node-0.54-0.el6.noarch.rpm
[root@manager ~]# wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/files/MHA/mha4mysql-manager-0.56.tar.gz
[root@manager ~]# tar zvxf mha4mysql-manager-0.56.tar.gz
[root@manager ~]# cd mha4mysql-manager-0.56
[root@manager ~]# perl Makefile.PL
[root@manager mha4mysql-manager-0.56]# make && make install
[root@manager mha4mysql-manager-0.56]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mha/scripts
[root@manager mha4mysql-manager-0.56]# cp samples/conf/app1.cnf /usr/local/mha/mha.cnf
[root@manager mha4mysql-manager-0.56]# cp samples/scripts/* /usr/local/mha/scripts/
13.4、修改manager端mha的配置文件，如下
[root@manager ~]# cat /usr/local/mha/mha.cnf
[server default]
user=mha_rep #MHA管理mysql的用户名
password=123456 #MHA管理mysql的密码
manager_workdir=/usr/local/mha #MHA的工作目录
manager_log=/usr/local/mha/manager.log #MHA的日志路径
ssh_user=root #免秘钥登陆的用户名
repl_user=backup #主从复制账号，用来在主从之间同步数据
repl_password=backup
ping_interval=1 #ping间隔时间，用来检查master是否正常
[server1]
hostname=192.168.1.11
port=3306
master_binlog_dir=/data/mysql/
candidate_master=1
[server2]
hostname=192.168.1.12
port=3306
master_binlog_dir=/data/mysql/
candidate_master=1
[server3]
hostname=192.168.1.13
port=3306
master_binlog_dir=/data/mysql/
no_master=1
13.5、检查ssh是否畅通
[root@manager mha4mysql-manager-0.56]# masterha_check_ssh --conf=/usr/local/mha/mha.cnf
Can't locate Params/Validate.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib64/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .) at /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/Log/Dispatch.pm line 9.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/Log/Dispatch.pm line 9.
Compilation failed in require at /usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/SSHCheck.pm line 29.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/SSHCheck.pm line 29.
Compilation failed in require at /usr/local/bin/masterha_check_ssh line 25.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /usr/local/bin/masterha_check_ssh line 25.
通过安装包解决此问题
[root@manager mha4mysql-manager-0.56]# yum install perl-Params-Validate
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, search-disabled-repos, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Params-Validate.x86_64 0:0.92-3.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=======================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
Installing:
perl-Params-Validate x86_64 0.92-3.el6 Server 75 k
Transaction Summary
Install 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 75 k
Installed size: 175 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
** Found 5 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:
perl-Log-Dispatch-2.27-1.el6.noarch has missing requires of perl(MIME::Lite)
perl-Log-Dispatch-2.27-1.el6.noarch has missing requires of perl(Mail::Send)
perl-Log-Dispatch-2.27-1.el6.noarch has missing requires of perl(Mail::Sender)
perl-Log-Dispatch-2.27-1.el6.noarch has missing requires of perl(Mail::Sendmail)
perl-Log-Dispatch-2.27-1.el6.noarch has missing requires of perl(Params::Validate)
Installing : perl-Params-Validate-0.92-3.el6.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : perl-Params-Validate-0.92-3.el6.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
perl-Params-Validate.x86_64 0:0.92-3.el6
Complete!
[root@manager ~]# masterha_check_ssh --conf=/usr/local/mha/mha.cnf
Thu May 17 18:42:22 2018 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Thu May 17 18:42:22 2018 - [info] Reading application default configurations from /usr/local/mha/mha.cnf..
Thu May 17 18:42:22 2018 - [info] Reading server configurations from /usr/local/mha/mha.cnf..
Thu May 17 18:42:22 2018 - [info] Starting SSH connection tests..
Thu May 17 18:42:25 2018 - [debug]
Thu May 17 18:42:22 2018 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.1.11(192.168.1.11:22) to root@192.168.1.12(192.168.1.12:22)..
Thu May 17 18:42:24 2018 - [debug] ok.
Thu May 17 18:42:24 2018 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.1.11(192.168.1.11:22) to root@192.168.1.13(192.168.1.13:22)..
Thu May 17 18:42:25 2018 - [debug] ok.
Thu May 17 18:42:26 2018 - [debug]
Thu May 17 18:42:23 2018 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.1.12(192.168.1.12:22) to root@192.168.1.11(192.168.1.11:22)..
Thu May 17 18:42:24 2018 - [debug] ok.
Thu May 17 18:42:24 2018 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.1.12(192.168.1.12:22) to root@192.168.1.13(192.168.1.13:22)..
Thu May 17 18:42:26 2018 - [debug] ok.
Thu May 17 18:42:26 2018 - [debug]
Thu May 17 18:42:23 2018 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.1.13(192.168.1.13:22) to root@192.168.1.11(192.168.1.11:22)..
Thu May 17 18:42:25 2018 - [debug] ok.
Thu May 17 18:42:25 2018 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.1.13(192.168.1.13:22) to root@192.168.1.12(192.168.1.12:22)..
Thu May 17 18:42:26 2018 - [debug] ok.
Thu May 17 18:42:26 2018 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.
13.6、masterha_check_repl工具检查mysql主从复制是否成功
[root@manager mha]# masterha_check_repl --conf=/usr/local/mha/mha.cnf
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] Reading application default configurations from /usr/local/mha/mha.cnf..
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] Reading server configurations from /usr/local/mha/mha.cnf..
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] MHA::MasterMonitor version 0.56.
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] Dead Servers:
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] Alive Servers:
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] 192.168.1.11(192.168.1.11:3306)
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] 192.168.1.12(192.168.1.12:3306)
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] 192.168.1.13(192.168.1.13:3306)
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] Alive Slaves:
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] 192.168.1.12(192.168.1.12:3306) Version=5.6.39-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabled
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.1.11(192.168.1.11:3306)
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] Primary candidate for the new Master (candidate_master is set)
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] 192.168.1.13(192.168.1.13:3306) Version=5.6.39-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabled
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.1.11(192.168.1.11:3306)
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] Not candidate for the new Master (no_master is set)
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] Current Alive Master: 192.168.1.11(192.168.1.11:3306)
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] Checking slave configurations..
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] read_only=1 is not set on slave 192.168.1.12(192.168.1.12:3306).
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [warning] relay_log_purge=0 is not set on slave 192.168.1.12(192.168.1.12:3306).
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [warning] relay_log_purge=0 is not set on slave 192.168.1.13(192.168.1.13:3306).
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] Checking replication filtering settings..
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] binlog_do_db= , binlog_ignore_db=
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] Replication filtering check ok.
Tue May 15 09:46:42 2018 - [info] Starting SSH connection tests..
Tue May 15 09:46:46 2018 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.
Tue May 15 09:46:46 2018 - [info] Checking MHA Node version..
Tue May 15 09:46:47 2018 - [info] Version check ok.
Tue May 15 09:46:47 2018 - [info] Checking SSH publickey authentication settings on the current master..
Tue May 15 09:46:48 2018 - [info] HealthCheck: SSH to 192.168.1.11 is reachable.
Tue May 15 09:46:49 2018 - [info] Master MHA Node version is 0.54.
Tue May 15 09:46:49 2018 - [info] Checking recovery script configurations on the current master..
Tue May 15 09:46:49 2018 - [info] Executing command: save_binary_logs --command=test --start_pos=4 --binlog_dir=/data/mysql/ --output_file=/var/tmp/save_binary_logs_test --manager_version=0.56 --start_file=mysql-bin.000004
Tue May 15 09:46:49 2018 - [info] Connecting to root@192.168.1.11(192.168.1.11)..
Creating /var/tmp if not exists.. ok.
Checking output directory is accessible or not..
ok.
Binlog found at /data/mysql/, up to mysql-bin.000004
Tue May 15 09:46:49 2018 - [info] Master setting check done.
Tue May 15 09:46:49 2018 - [info] Checking SSH publickey authentication and checking recovery script configurations on all alive slave servers..
Tue May 15 09:46:49 2018 - [info] Executing command : apply_diff_relay_logs --command=test --slave_user='mha_rep' --slave_host=192.168.1.12 --slave_ip=192.168.1.12 --slave_port=3306 --workdir=/var/tmp --target_version=5.6.39-log --manager_version=0.56 --relay_log_info=/data/mysql/relay-log.info --relay_dir=/data/mysql/ --slave_pass=xxx
Tue May 15 09:46:49 2018 - [info] Connecting to root@192.168.1.12(192.168.1.12:22)..
Checking slave recovery environment settings..
Opening /data/mysql/relay-log.info ... ok.
Relay log found at /data/mysql, up to slave01-relay-bin.000002
Temporary relay log file is /data/mysql/slave01-relay-bin.000002
Testing mysql connection and privileges..Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'mha_rep'@'slave01' (using password: YES)
mysql command failed with rc 1:0!
at /usr/bin/apply_diff_relay_logs line 367
main::check() called at /usr/bin/apply_diff_relay_logs line 486
eval {...} called at /usr/bin/apply_diff_relay_logs line 466
main::main() called at /usr/bin/apply_diff_relay_logs line 112
Tue May 15 09:46:50 2018 - [error][/usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm, ln201] Slaves settings check failed!
Tue May 15 09:46:50 2018 - [error][/usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm, ln390] Slave configuration failed.
Tue May 15 09:46:50 2018 - [error][/usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm, ln401] Error happend on checking configurations. at /usr/local/bin/masterha_check_repl line 48
Tue May 15 09:46:50 2018 - [error][/usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm, ln500] Error happened on monitoring servers.
Tue May 15 09:46:50 2018 - [info] Got exit code 1 (Not master dead).
MySQL Replication Health is NOT OK!
解决方法：
[root@master bin]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 56
Server version: 5.6.39-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select user,host from user;
+---------+-------------+
| user | host |
+---------+-------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| backup | 192.168.1.% |
| mha_rep | 192.168.1.% |
| root | ::1 |
| | localhost |
| mha_rep | localhost |
| root | localhost |
| | master |
| root | master |
+---------+-------------+
9 rows in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on . to mha_rep@'192.168.1.12' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on . to mha_rep@'192.168.1.13' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on . to mha_rep@'192.168.1.11' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
再次运行监测脚本masterha_check_repl --conf=/usr/local/mha/mha.cnf后报错；
Can't exec "mysqlbinlog": No such file or directory at /usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/BinlogManager.pm line 99.
mysqlbinlog version not found!
缺少软连接，我们在三个库中都创建一下软连接；
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/local/bin/mysqlbinlog
再次检测通过；
14.mha实验模拟
1、在每次做mha实验的时候，我们都最好先执行如下命令做检测
[root@manager ~]# masterha_check_ssh --conf=/usr/local/mha/mha.cnf
[root@manager ~]# masterha_check_repl --conf=/usr/local/mha/mha.cnf
#确定两条命令的返回结果都是无异常的，然后启动mha服务
2、在manager端启动mha服务并时刻监控日志文件的输出变化
[root@manager ~]# nohup masterha_manager --conf=/usr/local/mha/mha.cnf > /tmp/mha_manager.log 2>&1 &
[root@manager ~]# ps -ef |grep masterha |grep -v 'grep'
3、测试master宕机后，时候会自动切换
#测试前查看slave01,slave02的主从同步情况
#slave01
[root@slave01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'show slave status\G' |egrep 'Slave_IO_Running:|Slave_SQL_Running:'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
#slave02
[root@slave02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'show slave status\G' |egrep 'Slave_IO_Running:|Slave_SQL_Running:'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
#停止master的mysql服务
[root@master ~]# service mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL..... [ OK ]
#我们查看slave02的主从同步信息
[root@slave02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'show slave status\G' |egrep 'Master_Host|Slave_IO_Running:|Slave_SQL_Running:'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Master_Host: 192.168.1.12 #表明已经转移新的ip
Slave_IO_Running: Yes #主从正常
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
4、恢复master服务
#删除故障转移文件
[root@manager mha]# rm -rf /usr/local/mha/mha.failover.complete
#重启mysql服务
[root@master ~]# service mysqld start
#在manager的日子文件中找到主从同步的sql语句
[root@manager mha]# grep MASTER_HOST /usr/local/mha/manager.log
Tue May 15 10:08:54 2018 - [info] All other slaves should start replication from here. Statement should be: CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.12', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=2294, MASTER_USER='backup', MASTER_PASSWORD='xxx';
#在master上启动主从同步，密码为backup
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.1.12'',master_user='backup',master_password='backup',master_port=3306,master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=2294;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.75 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
#在master和slave02上执行，检查主从同步是否都正常，这里以master为例，slave02同理
[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'show slave status\G' |egrep 'Master_Host|Slave_IO_Running:|Slave_SQL_Running:'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Master_Host: 192.168.1.12
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
5、再次启动MHA的manager服务，并停止slave01
[root@manager ~]# nohup masterha_manager --conf=/usr/local/mha/mha.cnf > /tmp/mha_manager.log 2>&1 &
#关闭slave01的mysql服务
[root@slave01 ~]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL... SUCCESS
[root@manager mha]# tail -f /usr/local/mha/manager.log
#在slave02上查看主从同步情况
[root@slave02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'show slave status\G' |egrep 'Master_Host|Slave_IO_Running:|Slave_SQL_Running:'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Master_Host: 192.168.1.12
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
6、恢复slave01服务
#删除故障转移文件
[root@manager mha]# rm -rf /usr/local/mha/mha.failover.complete
#重启mysql服务
[root@slave01 ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL ... SUCCESS!
#在manager的日子文件中找到主从同步的sql语句
[root@manager mha]# grep MASTER_HOST /usr/local/mha/manager.log
Tue May 15 10:25:51 2018 - [info] All other slaves should start replication from here. Statement should be: CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.11', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000005', MASTER_LOG_POS=120, MASTER_USER='backup', MASTER_PASSWORD='xxx';
#在slave01上启动主从同步，密码为backup
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.1.11',master_user='backup',master_password='backup',master_port=3306,master_log_file='mysql-bin.000005',master_log_pos=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.61 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
#在slave01和slave02上执行，检查主从同步是否都正常，这里以slave01为例，slave02同理。
[root@slave01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'show slave status\G' |egrep 'Master_Host|Slave_IO_Running:|Slave_SQL_Running:'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Master_Host: 192.168.1.11
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
7、再次启动MHA的manager服务
[root@manager ~]# nohup masterha_manager --conf=/usr/local/mha/mha.cnf > /tmp/mha_manager.log 2>&1 &
15.通过vip实现mysql的高可用
1、修改/usr/local/mha/mha.cnf
[root@manager mha]# more cat /usr/local/mha/mha.cnf
cat: No such file or directory
::::::::::::::
/usr/local/mha/mha.cnf
::::::::::::::
[server default]
user=mha_rep
password=123456
manager_workdir=/usr/local/mha
manager_log=/usr/local/mha/manager.log
master_ip_failover_script=/usr/local/mha/scripts/master_ip_failover #定制perl脚本
ssh_user=root
repl_user=backup
repl_password=backup
ping_interval=1
[server1]
hostname=192.168.1.11
port=3306
master_binlog_dir=/data/mysql/
candidate_master=1
[server2]
hostname=192.168.1.12
port=3306
master_binlog_dir=/data/mysql/
candidate_master=1
[server3]
hostname=192.168.1.13
port=3306
master_binlog_dir=/data/mysql/
no_master=1
2、修改脚本/usr/local/mha/scripts/master_ip_failover
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use Getopt::Long;
my (
$command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip,
$orig_master_port, $new_master_host, $new_master_ip, $new_master_port
);
my $vip = '192.168.1.240';
my $key = '1';
my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig eth0:$key $vip";
my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig eth0:$key down";
GetOptions(
'command=s' => \$command,
'ssh_user=s' => \$ssh_user,
'orig_master_host=s' => \$orig_master_host,
'orig_master_ip=s' => \$orig_master_ip,
'orig_master_port=i' => \$orig_master_port,
'new_master_host=s' => \$new_master_host,
'new_master_ip=s' => \$new_master_ip,
'new_master_port=i' => \$new_master_port,
);
exit &main();
sub main {
print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_start_vip===\n\n";
if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) {
my $exit_code = 1;
eval {
print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n";
&stop_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn "Got Error: $@\n";
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "start" ) {
my $exit_code = 10;
eval {
print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n";
&start_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn $@;
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "status" ) {
print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n";
exit 0;
}
else {
&usage();
exit 1;
}}
sub start_vip() {
ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \";
}
A simple system call that disable the VIP on the old_master
sub stop_vip() {
ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \";
}
sub usage {
print
"Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n";
}
3、模拟故障进行切换
#停止master的mysql服务
[root@master ~]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL... SUCCESS!
#查看slave02的同步信息
[root@slave02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'show slave status\G' |egrep 'Master_Host|Slave_IO_Running:|Slave_SQL_Running:'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Master_Host: 192.168.1.12
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
#查看slave01的IP信息
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:EB:86:1F
inet addr:192.168.1.12 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:feeb:861f/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:59533 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:27157 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:63732835 (60.7 MiB) TX bytes:4660626 (4.4 MiB)
eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:01:46:B7
inet addr:192.168.1.240 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
4、恢复master服务与上面恢复方法一样。
PS:配置文件中请勿添加注释，要不然会有意想不到的问题，如：
mha.cnf 配置文件中，我们上面添加了#定制perl脚本，就会在启动MHA时候报错，ps -ef 查看mha进程，发现不在。查看日志文件如下报错；
tail: /tmp/mha_manager.log:
nohup: ignoring input
Thu May 17 15:14:46 2018 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Thu May 17 15:14:46 2018 - [info] Reading application default configurations from /usr/local/mha/mha.cnf..
Thu May 17 15:14:46 2018 - [info] Reading server configurations from /usr/local/mha/mha.cnf..
Use of uninitialized value $command in string eq at /usr/local/mha/scripts/master_ip_failover line 29.
16.日常维护命令
1.检查状态
masterha_check_status --conf=/usr/local/mha/mha.cnf
2.停止
masterha_stop masterha_check_status --conf=/usr/local/mha/mha.cnf
看完MHA故障转移可以帮助我们解决什么问题这篇文章后，很多读者朋友肯定会想要了解更多的相关内容，如需获取更多的行业信息，可以关注我们的数据库栏目。
