一、 通过JDK网络类Java.net.HttpURLConnection
1.java.net包下的原生java api提供的http请求
使用步骤：
1、通过统一资源定位器（java.net.URL）获取连接器（java.net.URLConnection）。
2、设置请求的参数。
3、发送请求。
4、以输入流的形式获取返回内容。
5、关闭输入流。
2.HttpClientUtil工具类
public class HttpClientUtil2 {
public static String doPost(String pathUrl, String data){
OutputStreamWriter out = null;
BufferedReader br = null;
String result = "";
try {
URL url = new URL(pathUrl);
//打开和url之间的连接
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
//设定请求的方法为"POST"，默认是GET
//post与get的不同之处在于post的参数不是放在URL字串里面，而是放在http请求的正文内。
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
//设置30秒连接超时
conn.setConnectTimeout(30000);
//设置30秒读取超时
conn.setReadTimeout(30000);
// 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出，因为这个是post请求，参数要放在http正文内，因此需要设为true, 默认情况下是false;
conn.setDoOutput(true);
// 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入，默认情况下是true;
conn.setDoInput(true);
// Post请求不能使用缓存
conn.setUseCaches(false);
//设置通用的请求属性
conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*
//获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流
//此处getOutputStream会隐含的进行connect(即：如同调用上面的connect()方法，所以在开发中不调用上述的connect()也可以)。
out = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
//发送请求参数即数据
out.write(data);
//flush输出流的缓冲
out.flush();
//获取URLConnection对象对应的输入流
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
//构造一个字符流缓存
br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
String str = "";
while ((str = br.readLine()) != null){
result += str;
}
System.out.println(result);
//关闭流
is.close();
//断开连接，disconnect是在底层tcp socket链接空闲时才切断，如果正在被其他线程使用就不切断。
conn.disconnect();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
if (out != null){
out.close();
}
if (br != null){
br.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result;
}
public static String doGet(String pathUrl){
BufferedReader br = null;
String result = "";
try {
URL url = new URL(pathUrl);
//打开和url之间的连接
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
//设定请求的方法为"GET"，默认是GET
//post与get的不同之处在于post的参数不是放在URL字串里面，而是放在http请求的正文内。
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
//设置30秒连接超时
conn.setConnectTimeout(30000);
//设置30秒读取超时
conn.setReadTimeout(30000);
// 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出，因为这个是post请求，参数要放在http正文内，因此需要设为true, 默认情况下是false;
conn.setDoOutput(true);
// 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入，默认情况下是true;
conn.setDoInput(true);
// Post请求不能使用缓存(get可以不使用)
conn.setUseCaches(false);
//设置通用的请求属性
conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*
//获取URLConnection对象对应的输入流
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
//构造一个字符流缓存
br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));
String str = "";
while ((str = br.readLine()) != null){
result += str;
}
System.out.println(result);
//关闭流
is.close();
//断开连接，disconnect是在底层tcp socket链接空闲时才切断，如果正在被其他线程使用就不切断。
conn.disconnect();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
if (br != null){
br.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result;
}
}3.第三方api接口
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class HelloWorld {
private static final Logger log= LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorld.class);
@GetMapping ("/getHello")
public Result getHelloWord(){
log.info("进入到api接口.......");
return Result.success("hello world api get 接口数据");
}
@PostMapping("/postHello")
public Result postHelloWord(@RequestBody User user){
log.info("进入post 方法.....");
System.out.println(user.toString());
return Result.success("hello world api post接口数据");
}
}
4.测试类
@Test
public void testJDKApi(){
//测试get方法
String s = HttpClientUtil2.doGet("http://localhost:9092/api/getHello");
System.out.println("get方法:"+s);
//测试post方法
User user = new User();
user.setUname("胡萝卜");
user.setRole("普通用户");
//把对象转换为json格式
String s1 = JsonUtil.toJson(user);
String postString = HttpClientUtil2.doPost("http://localhost:9092/api/postHello",s1);
System.out.println("post方法:"+postString);
}
结果：
二、通过Apache common封装好的HttpClient
1.引入依赖
<!--HttpClient-->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--json-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.28</version>
</dependency>
2.httpClientUtil
public class HttpClientUtil {
public static String doGet(String url, String charset){
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
//设置Http连接超时为5秒
httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(5000);
GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url);
//设置get请求超时为5秒
getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 5000);
//设置请求重试处理，用的是默认的重试处理：请求三次
getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler());
String response = "";
try {
int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);
if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK){
System.err.println("请求出错：" + getMethod.getStatusLine());
}
//HTTP响应头部信息，这里简单打印
Header[] headers = getMethod.getResponseHeaders();
for (Header h: headers){
System.out.println(h.getName() + "---------------" + h.getValue());
}
//读取HTTP响应内容，这里简单打印网页内容
//读取为字节数组
byte[] responseBody = getMethod.getResponseBody();
response = new String(responseBody, charset);
System.out.println("-----------response:" + response);
//读取为InputStream，在网页内容数据量大时候推荐使用
//InputStream response = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();
} catch (HttpException e) {
//发生致命的异常，可能是协议不对或者返回的内容有问题
System.out.println("请检查输入的URL!");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e){
//发生网络异常
System.out.println("发生网络异常!");
}finally {
getMethod.releaseConnection();
}
return response;
}
public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json){
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);
postMethod.addRequestHeader("accept", "*
@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory){
return new RestTemplate(factory);
}
@Bean
public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory(){
SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
factory.setConnectTimeout(15000);
factory.setReadTimeout(5000);
return factory;
}
}
3.RestTemplate实现类
@Component
public class RestTemplateToInterface {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
public Result doGetWith1(String url){
ResponseEntity<Result> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, Result.class);
Result result = responseEntity.getBody();
return result;
}
public Result doGetWith2(String url){
Result result = restTemplate.getForObject(url, Result.class);
return result;
}
public String doPostWith1(String url,User user){
ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, user, String.class);
String body = responseEntity.getBody();
return body;
}
public String doPostWith2(String url,User user){
String body = restTemplate.postForObject(url, user, String.class);
return body;
}
public String doExchange(String url, Integer age, String name){
//header参数
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
String token = "asdfaf2322";
headers.add("authorization", token);
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
//放入body中的json参数
JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();
obj.put("age", age);
obj.put("name", name);
//组装
HttpEntity<JSONObject> request = new HttpEntity<>(obj, headers);
ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, String.class);
String body = responseEntity.getBody();
return body;
}
}
4.第三方api接口
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class HelloWorld {
private static final Logger log= LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorld.class);
@GetMapping ("/getHello")
public Result getHelloWord(){
log.info("进入到api接口.......");
return Result.success("hello world api get 接口数据");
}
@PostMapping("/postHello")
public Result postHelloWord(@RequestBody User user){
log.info("进入post 方法.....");
System.out.println(user.toString());
return Result.success("hello world api post接口数据");
}
}
5.测试类
//注入使用
@Autowired
private RestTemplateToInterface restTemplateToInterface;
@Test
public void testSpringBootApi(){
Result result= restTemplateToInterface.doGetWith1("http://localhost:9092/api/getHello");
System.out.println("get结果："+result);
User user = new User();
user.setUname("胡萝卜");
user.setRole("普通用户");
String s = restTemplateToInterface.doPostWith1("http://localhost:9092/api/postHello", user);
System.out.println("post结果："+s);
}
结果：
总结
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