构建监控系统-1-zabbix部署-编程学习网

zabbix 宏定义？？？
查看历史区间数据，自动加监控？？？
批量添加主机？？？
安装客户端自动化？？？
网络程序交付，变更发布系统？？？
网络排查链路公告割接故障诊断系统？预警系统？
方便批量配置监控项？？实时获取监控项值？？？？
教程 zabbix6 入门到精通b站语雀

snmp 统一监控？？？
oid值变化的情
通过批量添加监控项？？
告警和事件的关系??
主机原型-图表原型？？
服务对象？
method:
params:{}

接口

码表配置

key value msg parent

获取监控项

依赖主机id
item.get

{ "hostids":"10559"}

获取历史数据

监控项id
history.get

{"itemids": "44641","limit":10}

创建主机

https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/api/reference/host/create
method:host.create
params:{}

获取主机接口
https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/api/reference/hostinterface/object
type:
1 - agent;
2 - SNMP;
3 - IPMI;
4 - JMX
main:是否是默认的接口
0 - 不是默认;
1 - 默认
useip:是否通过ip进行连接
0 - 使用主机DNS进行连接;
1 - 使用主机接口的主机IP进行连接
params:

{    "host": "172.17.0.1",   "interfaces": [            {                "type": 1,                "main": 1,                "useip": 1,                "ip": "172.17.0.1",                "dns": "",                "port": "10050"            }        ],    "groups": [            {                "groupid": "2"            }        ]}返回:{    "jsonrpc": "2.0",    "error": {        "code": 0,        "message": "",        "data": ""    },    "result": {        "hostids": [            "10561"        ]    },    "id": 1}

更新主机模版

host.update{"hostid": "10561","templates":[{"templateid":"10001"}]}返回：{    "jsonrpc": "2.0",    "error": {        "code": 0,        "message": "",        "data": ""    },    "result": {        "hostids": [            "10561"        ]    },    "id": 1}

获取模版id
https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/api/reference/template/get
method:template.get
params:

获取 templateid

参数{ "limit":10}返回{            "auto_compress": "1",            "custom_interfaces": "0",            "description": "Official Linux template. Requires agent of Zabbix 3.0.14, 3.4.5 and 4.0.0 or newer.\r\n\r\nKnown Issues:\r\n\r\n  Description: Network discovery. Zabbix agent as of 4.2 doesn't support items such as net.if.status, net.if.speed.\r\n\r\nYou can discuss this template or leave feedback on our forum https://www.zabbix.com/forum/zabbix-suggestions-and-feedback/387225-discussion-thread-for-official-zabbix-template-for-linux\r\n\r\nTemplate tooling version used: 0.41",            "flags": "0",            "host": "Linux by Zabbix agent",            "ipmi_authtype": "-1",            "ipmi_password": "",            "ipmi_privilege": "2",            "ipmi_username": "",            "lastaccess": "0",            "maintenance_from": "0",            "maintenance_status": "0",            "maintenance_type": "0",            "maintenanceid": "0",            "name": "Linux by Zabbix agent",            "proxy_address": "",            "proxy_hostid": "0",            "status": "3",            "templateid": "10001",            "tls_accept": "1",            "tls_connect": "1",            "tls_issuer": "",            "tls_psk": "",            "tls_psk_identity": "",            "tls_subject": "",            "uuid": "f8f7908280354f2abeed07dc788c3747"        }

获取主机组
https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/api/reference/hostgroup/get
method:hostgroup.get
params:

{  "filter":{    "name":"Linux servers"  }}

{    "jsonrpc": "2.0",    "error": {        "code": 0,        "message": "",        "data": ""    },    "result": [        {            "flags": "0",            "groupid": "2",            "internal": "0",            "name": "Linux servers",            "uuid": "dc579cd7a1a34222933f24f52a68bcd8"        }    ],    "id": 1}

lld

接口文档
https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/api/reference/discoveryrule/get

自动发现规则
method:discoveryrule.get
params:{}

{            "allow_traps": "0",            "authtype": "0",            "delay": "1h",            "description": "描述：自动发现监控主机端口",            "discover": "0",            "error": "",            "flags": "1",            "follow_redirects": "1",            "headers": [],            "history": "90d",            "hostid": "10559",            "http_proxy": "",            "interfaceid": "15",            "inventory_link": "0",            "ipmi_sensor": "",            "itemid": "44942",            "jmx_endpoint": "",            "key_": "net.port.discovery",            "lifetime": "30d",            "logtimefmt": "",            "master_itemid": "0",            "name": "自动发现服务端口",            "parameters": [],            "params": "",            "password": "",            "post_type": "0",            "posts": "",            "privatekey": "",            "publickey": "",            "query_fields": [],            "request_method": "0",            "retrieve_mode": "0",            "snmp_oid": "",            "ssl_cert_file": "",            "ssl_key_file": "",            "ssl_key_password": "",            "state": "0",            "status": "0",            "status_codes": "200",            "templateid": "0",            "timeout": "3s",            "trapper_hosts": "",            "trends": "0",            "type": "0",            "units": "",            "url": "",            "username": "",            "uuid": "",            "value_type": "4",            "valuemapid": "0",            "verify_host": "0",            "verify_peer": "0"        }

接口文档
https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/api/reference/itemprototype/get

监控项原型
method:itemprototype.get
params:{“discoveryids”: “44942”}
此处的discoveryids，就是如上的"itemid": “44942”

{            "allow_traps": "0",            "authtype": "0",            "delay": "1h",            "description": "",            "discover": "0",            "evaltype": "0",            "flags": "2",            "follow_redirects": "1",            "formula": "",            "headers": [],            "history": "90d",            "hostid": "10559",            "http_proxy": "",            "interfaceid": "15",            "inventory_link": "0",            "ipmi_sensor": "",            "itemid": "44943",            "jmx_endpoint": "",            "key_": "net.tcp.port[,\"{#PORTNAME}\"]",            "lifetime": "30d",            "logtimefmt": "",            "master_itemid": "0",            "name": "监控端口\"{#PORTNAME}\"状态是否可以访问",            "output_format": "0",            "parameters": [],            "params": "",            "password": "",            "post_type": "0",            "posts": "",            "privatekey": "",            "publickey": "",            "query_fields": [],            "request_method": "0",            "retrieve_mode": "0",            "snmp_oid": "",            "ssl_cert_file": "",            "ssl_key_file": "",            "ssl_key_password": "",            "status": "0",            "status_codes": "200",            "templateid": "0",            "timeout": "3s",            "trapper_hosts": "",            "trends": "365d",            "type": "0",            "units": "",            "url": "",            "username": "",            "uuid": "",            "value_type": "3",            "valuemapid": "0",            "verify_host": "0",            "verify_peer": "0"        }

网络发现

https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/discovery/network_discovery

宏

支持的宏列表
https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/appendix/macros/supported_by_location

snmp监控

https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/config/items/itemtypes/snmp#configuring-snmp-monitoring

说明

端口

TCP/UDP 端口。默认端口： Zabbix agent 是 10050， SNMP agent 是 161, JMX 是 12345，IPMI 是 623

zabbix_server.conf配置文件参数说明

https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/appendix/config/zabbix_server

监控项

队列

管理-》队列
待刷新数据的监控项
内部监控项zabbix[queue,,]可以用于监控ZABBIX中队列的健康状态。他会返回指定时间区间的监控项数目

批量更新

多选监控项-》底部批量更新

自定义插件脚本监控

https//www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/discovery/low_level_discovery/examples/prometheus
本机测试监控项
zabbix_agent2 -t net.port.discovery
重新健在配置文件
sudo zabbix_agent2 -R userparameter_reload

prometheus

prometheus 自动发现预处理 https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/discovery/low_level_discovery/examples/prometheus

问题确认

https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/acknowledges

正则

sdfjiodfji:(.*) \1 https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/regular_expressions#example

监控项预处理

JSONPATH官方文档: https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/config/items/preprocessing/jsonpath_functionality
python读取json解析监控案例: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39027047/article/details/124905806

监控日志:

zabbix agent 主动模式
log[/var/log/syslog,err]

ssh agent

键值:ssh.run[,1314,]
已执行的脚本 w

telnet 客户端

https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/config/items/itemtypes/telnet_checks

插件

常见监控插件
https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/config/items/plugins
开发插件过程
https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/config/items/plugins/build

net.tcp.port go语言监控源码
https://git.zabbix.com/projects/ZBX/repos/zabbix/browse/src/go/plugins/net/tcp/tcp.go
从 Zabbix 6.0.0 开始，插件不必直接集成到agent2 中，并且可以作为单独的外部插件添加，从而使得创建额外的插件来收集新的监控指标更加容易。
https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/config/items/itemtypes/external
插件基于go实现开发指南
https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/guidelines/en/plugins
各应用软件插件
https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/appendix/config/zabbix_agent2_plugins

zabbix_agent2 -t docker.containers.discoverydocker.containers.discovery                   [s|[{"{#ID}":"63924a2cfc2784cf4a07e57902ac57b71241a7e53c1502b7ef6ce70d041913c9","{#NAME}":"/nginx"},{"{#ID}":"b87815deda95768c563dbda6d1d81b13d32798e534adf91b485990901d973f8b","{#NAME}":"/zabbix1"},{"{#ID}":"206d7509833317b1fd2fd02b0beefb841eb9640103a60db883737e4e8ea11033","{#NAME}":"/sad_yonath"},{"{#ID}":"ec5011dc13b8281ce21d82449be7f320e73bc77fe8984043cb413f466d490cd3","{#NAME}":"/mysql"}]]

外部检查插件

不要过度使用外部检查,创建进程会降低zabbix性能

script[,,…]
键值ls.sh[-a]
键值 check.sh
测试
问题
/usr/lib/zabbix/externalscripts/ls: [2] No such file or directory
vi /usr/lib/zabbix/externalscripts/check.sh
ls&&w
chown zabbix:zabbix check.sh
chmod 777 check.sh

zabbix采集器

文档:https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/6.0/zh/manual/config/items/itemtypes/trapper
类型:Zabbix采集器
键值:trap

失败zabbix_sender -z 127.0.0.1 -p 10051 -s "bzy2c8nnb0dtlnbi" -k trap -o "test value"Response from "127.0.0.1:10051": "processed: 0; failed: 1; total: 1; seconds spent: 0.000043"sent: 1; skipped: 0; total: 1成功[root@b87815deda95 externalscripts]# zabbix_sender -z 127.0.0.1 -p 10051 -s "bzy2c8nnb0dtlnbi" -k trap -o "test value"Response from "127.0.0.1:10051": "processed: 1; failed: 0; total: 1; seconds spent: 0.000078"sent: 1; skipped: 0; total: 1

lld 低级别自动发现

net.if.discovery
vfs.dev.discovery

概念

一般用户宏 {$MAX}
LLD宏 {#FSNAME}
6 新增表达式宏 {?avg(/zabbix001/system.cpu.util[,idle],1m)}

全局宏：管理-》一般-》宏
模版宏：配置-》模版-》选择模版-》宏
主机宏：配置-》主机-》宏

宿主机监控docker

在这里插入图片描述

添加后docker 访问没有权限修改
修改为root 启动
/usr/lib/systemd/system/zabbix-agent2.service

监控日志

主动模式，日志授权方式

自定义插件方式

grep `date +%Y-%m-%d` ~/src/python/dabai/django/app/static/log/token.log | grep job | wc -lvi /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agent2.d/web.confUserParameter=check.djangolog,grep `date +%Y-%m-%d` /root/src/python/dabai/django/app/static/log/token.log | grep job | wc -lsystemctl restart zabbix-agent2无权限的问题修改为root[root@bzy2c8nnb0dtlnbi ~]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/zabbix-agent2.serviceuser rootgroup root[root@bzy2c8nnb0dtlnbi ~]# systemctl restart zabbix-agent2Warning: zabbix-agent2.service changed on disk. Run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to reload units.[root@bzy2c8nnb0dtlnbi ~]# systemctl daemon-reload[root@bzy2c8nnb0dtlnbi ~]# systemctl restart zabbix-agent2测试：页面添加 测试

配置告警声音

在这里插入图片描述

⭐️ 自定义监控

1️⃣脚本获取值
2️⃣ zbx格式，配置文件、创建键值：键值key获取客户端数据
3️⃣ 重启客户端，服务端测试键值可用
4️⃣ web键值关联

监控脚本插件

[root@bzy2c8nnb0dtlnbi plugins.d]# grep -i include= /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agent2.conf# Include=Include=/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agent2.dnetstat
 报错nginx 403
 检查日志
 检查日志
 /var/log/nginx/error.log
 023/03/18 00:02:04 [error] 1413#1413: *1 open() “/root/zabbix/favicon.ico” failed (13: Permission denied), client: 125.121.41.124, server: nginx, request: “GET /faviconn
 .ico HTTP/1.1”, host: “14.29.251.27:8051”, referrer: “http://14.29.251.27:8051/info.php”
 增加权限xxx
 注意：修改权限为root
 vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
 user root
 报错
 File not found.
  zabbix 6.0 不支持mariadb 5.5 默认源10.5以上
 马瑞亚db
 配置源
 vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo
 [mariadb]
 name = MariaDB
 baseurl = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/mariadb/yum/10.5/centos7-amd64/
 gpgkey = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/mariadb/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDb
 gpgcheck = 1
 enabled = 1
 yum install mariadb-server -y
 rpm -qa | grep -i mariadb
 systemctl enable mariadb
 systemctl start mariadb
 配置
 数据库初始化
 mysql_secure_installation
 回车
 n
 其他全y
 修改密码 root
 
 创建用户
 指定字符集中文乱码
 create database zabbix charset utf8 collate utf8_bin;
创建用户密码zabbix
 grant all on zabbix.* to ‘zabbix’@‘localhost’ identified by ‘zabbix’;
 授权其他地址
 grant all on zabbix.* to ‘zabbix’@‘xx.xx.xx.%’ identified by ‘zabbix’;
 向数据库导入数据
 ⚠️ 导入顺序
 
 
 下载源码
 https://www.zabbix.com/download_sources#60LTS
 curl -O https://cdn.zabbix.com/zabbix/sources/stable/6.0/zabbix-6.0.14.tar.gz zabbix-6.0.14.tar.gztar zxvf  zabbix-6.0.14.tar.gzcd zabbix-6.0.14/database/mysql/[root@857cd8bba2b3 mysql]# lsMakefile.am  Makefile.in  data.sql  double.sql  history_pk_prepare.sql  images.sql  schema.sql[root@857cd8bba2b3 mysql]# mysql -uroot -proot zabbix < schema.sql[root@857cd8bba2b3 mysql]# mysql -uroot -proot zabbix < images.sql[root@857cd8bba2b3 mysql]# mysql -uroot -proot zabbix < data.sql[root@857cd8bba2b3 mysql]# mysql -uroot -proot zabbix < double.sql[root@857cd8bba2b3 mysql]# mysql -uroot -proot zabbix < history_pk_prepare.sql
  cd zabbix*yum install -y mysql-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel libxml2-devel net-snmp-devel net-snmp libssh2-devel OpenIPMI-devel libevent-devel openldap-devel libcurl-devel./configuremake install ./configure  --sysconfdir=/etc/zabbix/ --enable-server --with-mysql --with-net-snmp --with-libxml2 --with-libxml2 --with-ssh2 --with-openipmi --with-zlib --with-libpthread --with-libevent --with-openssl --with-ldap --with-libcurl --with-libpcremake installecho $?
 报错 configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
 yum -y install gcc.x86_64
 ./configure  默认/usr/local下--sysconfdir=/etc/zabbix/  指定配置文件目录--enable-server  安装服务端 -client--with-mysql  开启对mysql的支持依赖功能--with-net-snmp --with-libxml2 --with-libxml2 --with-ssh2 --with-openimpi --with-zlib --with-libpthread --with-libevent --with-openssl --with-ldap --with-libcurl --with-libpcre
 Configuration:  Detected OS:           linux-gnu  Install path:          /usr/local  Compilation arch:      linux  Compiler:              cc  Compiler flags:         -g -O2  Library-specific flags:    database:              -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/mysql/mysql    libpcre:    libXML2:               -I/usr/include/libxml2    Net-SNMP:               -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/lib64/perl5/CORE -I. -I/usr/include    OpenIPMI:              -I/usr/include    libssh2:               -I/usr/include    TLS:                   -I/usr/include    LDAP:                  -I/usr/include    libevent:              -I/usr/include  Enable server:         yes  Server details:    With database:         MySQL    WEB Monitoring:        cURL      SSL certificates:      /usr/local/share/zabbix/ssl/certs      SSL keys:              /usr/local/share/zabbix/ssl/keys    SNMP:                  yes    IPMI:                  yes    SSH:                   yes (libssh2)    TLS:                   OpenSSL    ODBC:                  no    Linker flags:           -L/usr/lib64   -L/usr/lib64/      -L/usr/lib  -L/usr/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/lib  -rdynamic    Libraries:              -lmariadb     -lxml2    -lnetsnmp -lssh2  -lOpenIPMI -lOpenIPMIposix -lz -lpthread -levent -lssl -lcrypto -lldap -llber   -lcurl -lm -ldl  -lresolv -lpcre    Configuration file:    /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf    External scripts:      /usr/local/share/zabbix/externalscripts    Alert scripts:         /usr/local/share/zabbix/alertscripts    Modules:               /usr/local/lib/modules  Enable proxy:          no  Enable agent:          no  Enable agent 2:        no  Enable web service:    no  Enable Java gateway:   no  LDAP support:          yes  IPv6 support:          no************************************************************            Now run 'make install'                       ** **            Thank you for using Zabbix!                  **              <http://www.zabbix.com>                    ************************************************************
 依赖不通过
 [root@857cd8bba2b3 zabbix-6.0.14]# ./configurechecking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -cchecking whether build environment is sane... yeschecking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -pchecking for gawk... gawkchecking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yeschecking whether make supports nested variables... yeschecking how to create a pax tar archive... gnutarconfigure: Configuring Zabbix 6.0.14checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... (cached) yeschecking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnuchecking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnuchecking for cc... nochecking for c99... nochecking for gcc... nochecking for clang... noconfigure: error: in `/zabbix/zabbix-6.0.14':configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATHSee `config.log' for more details
  docker 构建
 docker-compose.ymldocker-compose up -d
 安装zabbix测试
 docker run --name zabbix -t -d -p 8051:10051 -p 8001:80   -v /root/zabbix:/root/zabbix --privileged=true centos:7 /usr/sbin/initdocker exec -it zabbix /bin/bashyum 源rpm -ivh  https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/e/epel-release-7-14.noarch.rpmyum install -y zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web-mysql zabbix-get zabbix-agentrpm -ivh http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-6.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm生成缓存yum makecache更新yum -y updaterpm -ivh http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.2/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-6.2-1.el7.noarch.rpmrpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX删除所有zabbix依赖rpm -e --nodeps `rpm -qa | grep zabbix`create database zabbix character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_bin;create user zabbix@'%' identified by 'zabbix';grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@'%';set global log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1;报错No package zabbix-server-mysql available解决yum install epel-release报错：Error downloading packages:  fping-3.16-1.el7.x86_64: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.解决安装6.2版本zabbix
 mysql 文件挂载？
 本机安装
 http://14.29.251.27:8889/zabbix/setup.php
 报错
 Transaction check error:
 file /usr/bin/zabbix_get from install of zabbix-get-6.0.14-release1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package zabbix6.0-6.0.13-1.el7.x86_64
 rpm -qa | grep zabbix
 强制卸载
 rpm -e zabbix6.0-6.0.13-1.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
 http://:8889/
  升级php
 ]# php -v
 PHP 5.4.16 (cli) (built: Apr 1 2020 04:07:17)
 删除 yum remove php*
 [root@bzy2c8nnb0dtlnbi zabbix]# yum search php7
 已加载插件：fastestmirror
 Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
 Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
 Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
 Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
epel: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
extras: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
updates: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
 警告：没有匹配 php7 的软件包
 No matches found
 错误：
 yum-config-manager
 -bash: yum-config-manager: 未找到命令
 解决：
 [root@bzy2c8nnb0dtlnbi zabbix]# yum -y install yum-utils
 加载插件
 yum-config-manager --enable remi-php72
 不行重整：
 yum install epel-release
 rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
 yum search php72w
 yum -y install php72w php72w-mysql
 没有php命令
 重装
 sudo yum install epel-releasesudo yum install http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpmsudo yum install yum-utilssudo yum-config-manager --enable remi-php72sudo yum updatesudo yum install php72 php72-php-mysqlndphp72-mysql
 yum install php php-mysql php-mysqlnd --skip-broken
 错误：
 The requested URL /zabbix/setup.php was not found on this server
    来源地址：https://blog.csdn.net/haogeoyes/article/details/129614632

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构建监控系统-1-zabbix部署

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码表 配置

获取监控项

获取历史数据

创建主机

lld

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