Docker部署Always on集群
SQL Server在2016年开始支持Linux。随着2017和2019版本的发布,它开始支持Linux和容器平台上的HA/DR、Kubernetes和大数据集群解决方案。
在本文中,我们将在3个节点的Docker容器上安装SQL Server 2019,并创建AlwaysOn可用性组。
我们的目标是使用单个配置文件快速准备好环境。因此,开发人员或测试团队可以快速执行诸如兼容性、连通性、代码功能等测试。
在本节中,我们将首先准备一个基于Ubuntu的映像,以便能够在容器上安装可用性组。然后我们将执行必要的安装。
重要提示:不建议在生产环境中执行操作。安装是在Ubuntu 18.04上执行的。
安装Docker
安装Docker就不介绍了,自行安装即可.
架构
主机名 | IP | 端口 | 角色 |
---|---|---|---|
sqlNode1 | 宿主机IP | 1501:1433 | 主 |
sqlNode2 | 宿主机IP | 1502:1433 | 副本 |
sqlNode3 | 宿主机IP | 1503:1433 | 副本 |
端口表示:外网端口:内网端口
准备相关容器镜像
拉取操作系统和数据库的Docker镜像,如下
操作系统
docker pull ubuntu:18.04
SQL Server 2019
docker pull mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server:2019-latest
可通过docker images
来查看已下载的镜像信息。
镜像地址:https://hub.docker.com/_/microsoft-mssql-server
开始配置-容器
环境准备完毕后,开始正式的配置安装。
步骤1:创建Dockerfile
创建目录用于存放dockerfile、docker-compose.yml等文件。
mkdir /sql2019ha
cd /sql2019ha
touch dockerfile
vi dockerfile
dockerfile内容如下
FROM ubuntu:18.04
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt install sudo wget curl gnupg gnupg1 gnupg2 -y
RUN apt install software-properties-common systemd vim -y
RUN wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo apt-key add -
RUN add-apt-repository "$(wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/18.04/mssql-server-2019.list)"
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -y mssql-server
RUN /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf set hadr.hadrenabled 1
RUN /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf set sqlagent.enabled true
EXPOSE 1433
ENTRYPOINT /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr
说明:
- FROM:表示基于什么镜像进行安装的
- RUN:在镜像中进行的操作
- EXPOSE:指定服务端口
- ENTRYPOINT:运行命令
步骤2:编译镜像
通过dockerfile来编译镜像,用于后面的安装,命令:docker build -t sqlag2019:ha .
其中sqlag2019
为镜像名称,ha
是镜像标签,.
表示在当前目录下编译,因为dockerfile就在当前目录下。
以下输出是精简的,实际上输出非常多…也需要一定时间(安装一些包、数据库等),由网速决定
$ docker build -t sqlag2019:ha .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.56kB
Step 1/12 : FROM ubuntu:18.04
---> c3c304cb4f22
Step 2/12 : RUN apt-get update
---> Running in 950e50f80f00
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease [242 kB]
Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [88.7 kB]
Get:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 Packages [932 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]...
Step 3/12 : RUN apt install sudo wget curl gnupg gnupg1 gnupg2 -y
---> Running in edc9d15b2383
..
..
Step 8/12 : RUN sudo apt-get install -y mssql-server
---> Running in 43d82a503f8a
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
The following additional packages will be installed:
Step 9/12 : RUN sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf set hadr.hadrenabled 1
---> Running in 166c6596d2dd
SQL Server needs to be restarted in order to apply this setting. Please run
'systemctl restart mssql-server.service'.
Removing intermediate container 166c6596d2dd
---> bcdb057fed43
Step 10/12 : RUN sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf set sqlagent.enabled true
---> Running in 22dd6a93d1ef
SQL Server needs to be restarted in order to apply this setting. Please run
'systemctl restart mssql-server.service'.
Removing intermediate container 22dd6a93d1ef
---> 6b90afbaf94e
Step 11/12 : EXPOSE 1433
---> Running in bcc14f3b0bad
Removing intermediate container bcc14f3b0bad
---> 4aae1563aa74
Step 12/12 : ENTRYPOINT /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr
---> Running in 68b6ed45ff6a
Removing intermediate container 68b6ed45ff6a
---> b7467618c371
Successfully built b7467618c371
Successfully tagged sqlag2019:ha
最后出现Successfully
表示编译成功,否则根据错误信息进行解决。
步骤3:创建容器
现在镜像编译好了,下面再通过docker-compose
文件来创建、配置3个容器,具体内容如下:
$ touch docker-compose.yml
$ vi docker-compose.yml
version: '3'
services:
db1:
container_name: sqlNode1
image: sqlag2019:ha
hostname: sqlNode1
domainname: lab.local
environment:
SA_PASSWORD: "MyPassWord123"
ACCEPT_EULA: "Y"
ports:
- "1501:1433"
extra_hosts:
sqlNode2.labl.local: "172.16.238.22"
sqlNode3.labl.local: "172.16.238.23"
networks:
internal:
ipv4_address: 172.16.238.21
db2:
container_name: sqlNode2
image: sqlag2019:ha
hostname: sqlNode2
domainname: lab.local
environment:
SA_PASSWORD: "MyPassWord123"
ACCEPT_EULA: "Y"
ports:
- "1502:1433"
extra_hosts:
sqlNode1.lab.local: "172.16.238.21"
sqlNode3.lab.local: "172.16.238.23"
networks:
internal:
ipv4_address: 172.16.238.22
db3:
container_name: sqlNode3
image: sqlag2019:ha
hostname: sqlNode3
domainname: lab.local
environment:
SA_PASSWORD: "MyPassWord123"
ACCEPT_EULA: "Y"
ports:
- "1503:1433"
extra_hosts:
sqlNode1.lab.local: "172.16.238.21"
sqlNode2.lab.local: "172.16.238.22"
networks:
internal:
ipv4_address: 172.16.238.23
networks:
internal:
ipam:
driver: default
config:
- subnet: 172.16.238.0/24
步骤4:启动容器
然后通过docker-compose up -d
命令启动三个容器,其中-d
表示在后台运行。
$ docker-compose up -d
Creating network "sql2019hademo_internal" with the default driver
Creating sqlNode2 ...
Creating sqlNode1 ...
Creating sqlNode2
Creating sqlNode3 ...
Creating sqlNode1
Creating sqlNode2 ... done
注意:docker-compose是需要单独安装的,就是一个可执行文件。可通过apt、yum来安装。
查看容器状态
$ docker-compose ps
Name Command State Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
sqlNode1 /bin/sh -c /opt/mssql/bin/ ... Up 0.0.0.0:1501->1433/tcp
sqlNode2 /bin/sh -c /opt/mssql/bin/ ... Up 0.0.0.0:1502->1433/tcp
sqlNode3 /bin/sh -c /opt/mssql/bin/ ... Up 0.0.0.0:1503->1433/tcp
至此容器已经启动完成,下面通过SSMS连接数据库进行相关检查和配置ALWAYSON。
步骤5:SSMS连接MSSQL
通过宿主机的外网IP+端口连接相应的数据库,如下:
注意:IP和端口之间是逗号
可以看到数据库的图标也是Linux的图标。
配置-数据库
这部分就是在数据库中进行相关配置,如:创建KEY加密文件,管理用户、可用组等。
步骤1:连接主库-sqlNode1
主库也就是节点1,端口是1501,连接方法如上图。
我们将证书和私钥提取到/tmp/dbm_certificate.cer
和/tmp/dbm_certificate.pvk
文件中。
我们将这些文件复制到其他节点,并根据以下文件创建主密钥和证书:执行以下脚本
USE master
GO
CREATE LOGIN dbm_login WITH PASSWORD = 'MyStr0ngPa$w0rd';
CREATE USER dbm_user FOR LOGIN dbm_login;
GO
CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'MyStr0ngPa$w0rd';
go
CREATE CERTIFICATE dbm_certificate WITH SUBJECT = 'dbm';
BACKUP CERTIFICATE dbm_certificate
TO FILE = '/tmp/dbm_certificate.cer'
WITH PRIVATE KEY (
FILE = '/tmp/dbm_certificate.pvk',
ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'MyStr0ngPa$w0rd'
);
GO
将文件拷贝到其他两个节点:
$ docker cp sqlNode1:/tmp/dbm_certificate.cer .
$ docker cp sqlNode1:/tmp/dbm_certificate.pvk .
$ docker cp dbm_certificate.cer sqlNode2:/tmp/
$ docker cp dbm_certificate.pvk sqlNode2:/tmp/
$ docker cp dbm_certificate.cer sqlNode3:/tmp/
$ docker cp dbm_certificate.pvk sqlNode3:/tmp/
步骤2:连接从库-sqlNode2和sqlNode3
两个从库的端口分别是:1502和1503.然后重复主库执行的操作,如下:
CREATE LOGIN dbm_login WITH PASSWORD = 'MyStr0ngPa$w0rd';
CREATE USER dbm_user FOR LOGIN dbm_login;
GO
CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'MyStr0ngPa$w0rd';
GO
CREATE CERTIFICATE dbm_certificate
AUTHORIZATION dbm_user
FROM FILE = '/tmp/dbm_certificate.cer'
WITH PRIVATE KEY (
FILE = '/tmp/dbm_certificate.pvk',
DECRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'MyStr0ngPa$w0rd'
);
GO
步骤3:所有节点
在所有节点上执行以下命令
CREATE ENDPOINT [Hadr_endpoint]
AS TCP (LISTENER_IP = (0.0.0.0), LISTENER_PORT = 5022)
FOR DATA_MIRRORING (
ROLE = ALL,
AUTHENTICATION = CERTIFICATE dbm_certificate,
ENCRYPTION = REQUIRED ALGORITHM AES
);
ALTER ENDPOINT [Hadr_endpoint] STATE = STARTED;
GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::[Hadr_endpoint] TO [dbm_login];
启用开机自启动ALWAYON,在所有节点执行以下命令
ALTER EVENT SESSION AlwaysOn_health ON SERVER WITH (STARTUP_STATE=ON);
GO
步骤4:创建高可用组
可以用SSMS工具和T-SQL两种方式,下面以T-SQL为例:
运行以下脚本在主节点
中创建一个可用性组。 请注意,选择CLUSTER_TYPE = NONE
选项是因为它是在没有诸如Pacemaker或Windows Server故障转移群集之类的群集管理平台的情况下安装的。
如果要在Linux上安装AlwaysOn AG,则应为Pacemaker选择CLUSTER_TYPE = EXTERNAL:
CREATE AVAILABILITY GROUP [AG1]
WITH (CLUSTER_TYPE = NONE)
FOR REPLICA ON
N'sqlNode1'
WITH (
ENDPOINT_URL = N'tcp://sqlNode1:5022',
AVAILABILITY_MODE = ASYNCHRONOUS_COMMIT,
SEEDING_MODE = AUTOMATIC,
FAILOVER_MODE = MANUAL,
SECONDARY_ROLE (ALLOW_CONNECTIONS = ALL)
),
N'sqlNode2'
WITH (
ENDPOINT_URL = N'tcp://sqlNode2:5022',
AVAILABILITY_MODE = ASYNCHRONOUS_COMMIT,
SEEDING_MODE = AUTOMATIC,
FAILOVER_MODE = MANUAL,
SECONDARY_ROLE (ALLOW_CONNECTIONS = ALL)
),
N'sqlNode3'
WITH (
ENDPOINT_URL = N'tcp://sqlNode3:5022',
AVAILABILITY_MODE = ASYNCHRONOUS_COMMIT,
SEEDING_MODE = AUTOMATIC,
FAILOVER_MODE = MANUAL,
SECONDARY_ROLE (ALLOW_CONNECTIONS = ALL)
);
GO
在从库中执行以下命令,将从库加入到AG组中
ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [ag1] JOIN WITH (CLUSTER_TYPE = NONE);
ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [ag1] GRANT CREATE ANY DATABASE;
GO
至此在Docker容器中安装SQL Server Alwayson集群已经完成了!
注意:当指定CLUSTER_TYPE = NONE
创建可用组时,在执行故障转移时需执行以下命令
ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [ag1] FORCE_FAILOVER_ALLOW_DATA_LOSS
测试
在主库上创建一个数据库,并加入到可用组AG中。
CREATE DATABASE agtestdb;
GO
ALTER DATABASE agtestdb SET RECOVERY FULL;
GO
BACKUP DATABASE agtestdb TO DISK = '/var/opt/mssql/data/agtestdb.bak';
GO
ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [ag1] ADD DATABASE [agtestdb];
GO
通过SSMS查看同步状态是否正常.
参考连接
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux/quickstart-install-connect-docker?view=sql-server-ver15
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux/quickstart-install-connect-ubuntu?view=sql-server-ver15
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux/sql-server-linux-create-availability-group?view=sql-server-ver15
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux/sql-server-linux-configure-mssql-conf?view=sql-server-ver15
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux/sql-server-linux-configure-environment-variables?view=sql-server-ver15
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux/sql-server-linux-availability-group-cluster-ubuntu?view=sql-server-linux-ver15
https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/
https://docs.docker.com/compose/
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