摘要
本文主要讲解mall通过整合SpringSecurity和JWT实现后台用户的登录和授权功能，同时改造Swagger-UI的配置使其可以自动记住登录令牌进行发送。
项目使用框架介绍
SpringSecurity
SpringSecurity是一个强大的可高度定制的认证和授权框架，对于Spring应用来说它是一套Web安全标准。SpringSecurity注重于为Java应用提供认证和授权功能，像所有的Spring项目一样，它对自定义需求具有强大的扩展性。
JWT
JWT是JSON WEB TOKEN的缩写，它是基于 RFC 7519 标准定义的一种可以安全传输的的JSON对象，由于使用了数字签名，所以是可信任和安全的。
JWT的组成
JWT token的格式：
header.payload.signature
header中用于存放签名的生成算法
{"alg": "HS512"}
payload中用于存放用户名、token的生成时间和过期时间
{"sub":"admin","created":1489079981393,"exp":1489684781}
signature为以header和payload生成的签名，一旦header和payload被篡改，验证将失败
//secret为加密算法的密钥
String signature = HMACSHA512(base64UrlEncode(header) + "." +base64UrlEncode(payload),secret)
JWT实例
这是一个JWT的字符串
eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJhZG1pbiIsImNyZWF0ZWQiOjE1NTY3NzkxMjUzMDksImV4cCI6MTU1NzM4MzkyNX0.d-iki0193X0bBOETf2UN3r3PotNIEAV7mzIxxeI5IxFyzzkOZxS0PGfF_SK6wxCv2K8S0cZjMkv6b5bCqc0VBw
可以在该网站上获得解析结果：jwt.io/
JWT实现认证和授权的原理
- 用户调用登录接口，登录成功后获取到JWT的token；
- 之后用户每次调用接口都在http的header中添加一个叫Authorization的头，值为JWT的token；
- 后台程序通过对Authorization头中信息的解码及数字签名校验来获取其中的用户信息，从而实现认证和授权。
Hutool
Hutool是一个丰富的Java开源工具包,它帮助我们简化每一行代码，减少每一个方法，mall项目采用了此工具包。
项目使用表说明
ums_admin：后台用户表
ums_role：后台用户角色表
ums_permission：后台用户权限表
ums_admin_role_relation：后台用户和角色关系表，用户与角色是多对多关系
ums_role_permission_relation：后台用户角色和权限关系表，角色与权限是多对多关系
ums_admin_permission_relation：后台用户和权限关系表(除角色中定义的权限以外的加减权限)，加权限是指用户比角色多出的权限，减权限是指用户比角色少的权限
整合SpringSecurity及JWT
在pom.xml中添加项目依赖
<!--SpringSecurity依赖配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--Hutool Java工具包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>4.5.7</version>
</dependency>
<!--JWT(Json Web Token)登录支持-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
<version>0.9.0</version>
</dependency>
添加JWT token的工具类
用于生成和解析JWT token的工具类
相关方法说明：
generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) :用于根据登录用户信息生成token
getUserNameFromToken(String token)：从token中获取登录用户的信息
validateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails)：判断token是否还有效
package com.macro.mall.tiny.common.utils;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Component
public class JwtTokenUtil {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JwtTokenUtil.class);
private static final String CLAIM_KEY_USERNAME = "sub";
private static final String CLAIM_KEY_CREATED = "created";
@Value("${jwt.secret}")
private String secret;
@Value("${jwt.expiration}")
private Long expiration;
private String generateToken(Map<String, Object> claims) {
return Jwts.builder()
.setClaims(claims)
.setExpiration(generateExpirationDate())
.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, secret)
.compact();
}
private Claims getClaimsFromToken(String token) {
Claims claims = null;
try {
claims = Jwts.parser()
.setSigningKey(secret)
.parseClaimsJws(token)
.getBody();
} catch (Exception e) {
LOGGER.info("JWT格式验证失败:{}",token);
}
return claims;
}
private Date generateExpirationDate() {
return new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expiration * 1000);
}
public String getUserNameFromToken(String token) {
String username;
try {
Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
username = claims.getSubject();
} catch (Exception e) {
username = null;
}
return username;
}
public boolean validateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails) {
String username = getUserNameFromToken(token);
return username.equals(userDetails.getUsername()) && !isTokenExpired(token);
}
private boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
Date expiredDate = getExpiredDateFromToken(token);
return expiredDate.before(new Date());
}
private Date getExpiredDateFromToken(String token) {
Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
return claims.getExpiration();
}
public String generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) {
Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>();
claims.put(CLAIM_KEY_USERNAME, userDetails.getUsername());
claims.put(CLAIM_KEY_CREATED, new Date());
return generateToken(claims);
}
public boolean canRefresh(String token) {
return !isTokenExpired(token);
}
public String refreshToken(String token) {
Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
claims.put(CLAIM_KEY_CREATED, new Date());
return generateToken(claims);
}
}
添加SpringSecurity的配置类
package com.macro.mall.tiny.config;
import com.macro.mall.tiny.component.JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter;
import com.macro.mall.tiny.component.RestAuthenticationEntryPoint;
import com.macro.mall.tiny.component.RestfulAccessDeniedHandler;
import com.macro.mall.tiny.dto.AdminUserDetails;
import com.macro.mall.tiny.mbg.model.UmsAdmin;
import com.macro.mall.tiny.mbg.model.UmsPermission;
import com.macro.mall.tiny.service.UmsAdminService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;
import java.util.List;
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled=true)
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired
private UmsAdminService adminService;
@Autowired
private RestfulAccessDeniedHandler restfulAccessDeniedHandler;
@Autowired
private RestAuthenticationEntryPoint restAuthenticationEntryPoint;
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity httpSecurity) throws Exception {
httpSecurity.csrf()// 由于使用的是JWT，我们这里不需要csrf
.disable()
.sessionManagement()// 基于token，所以不需要session
.sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
.and()
.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers(HttpMethod.GET, // 允许对于网站静态资源的无授权访问
"/",
"*.html",
"*.css",
"*.js",
"/swagger-resources
@Component
public class RestfulAccessDeniedHandler implements AccessDeniedHandler{
@Override
public void handle(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response,
AccessDeniedException e) throws IOException, ServletException {
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("application/json");
response.getWriter().println(JSONUtil.parse(CommonResult.forbidden(e.getMessage())));
response.getWriter().flush();
}
}
添加RestAuthenticationEntryPoint
package com.macro.mall.tiny.component;
import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import com.macro.mall.tiny.common.api.CommonResult;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.web.AuthenticationEntryPoint;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@Component
public class RestAuthenticationEntryPoint implements AuthenticationEntryPoint {
@Override
public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException, ServletException {
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("application/json");
response.getWriter().println(JSONUtil.parse(CommonResult.unauthorized(authException.getMessage())));
response.getWriter().flush();
}
}
添加AdminUserDetails
package com.macro.mall.tiny.dto;
import com.macro.mall.tiny.mbg.model.UmsAdmin;
import com.macro.mall.tiny.mbg.model.UmsPermission;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
public class AdminUserDetails implements UserDetails {
private UmsAdmin umsAdmin;
private List<UmsPermission> permissionList;
public AdminUserDetails(UmsAdmin umsAdmin, List<UmsPermission> permissionList) {
this.umsAdmin = umsAdmin;
this.permissionList = permissionList;
}
@Override
public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
//返回当前用户的权限
return permissionList.stream()
.filter(permission -> permission.getValue()!=null)
.map(permission ->new SimpleGrantedAuthority(permission.getValue()))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
}
@Override
public String getPassword() {
return umsAdmin.getPassword();
}
@Override
public String getUsername() {
return umsAdmin.getUsername();
}
@Override
public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean isEnabled() {
return umsAdmin.getStatus().equals(1);
}
}
添加JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter
在用户名和密码校验前添加的过滤器，如果请求中有jwt的token且有效，会取出token中的用户名，然后调用SpringSecurity的API进行登录操作。
package com.macro.mall.tiny.component;
import com.macro.mall.tiny.common.utils.JwtTokenUtil;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetailsSource;
import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter.class);
@Autowired
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
@Autowired
private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;
@Value("${jwt.tokenHeader}")
private String tokenHeader;
@Value("${jwt.tokenHead}")
private String tokenHead;
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
String authHeader = request.getHeader(this.tokenHeader);
if (authHeader != null && authHeader.startsWith(this.tokenHead)) {
String authToken = authHeader.substring(this.tokenHead.length());// The part after "Bearer "
String username = jwtTokenUtil.getUserNameFromToken(authToken);
LOGGER.info("checking username:{}", username);
if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
UserDetails userDetails = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
if (jwtTokenUtil.validateToken(authToken, userDetails)) {
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities());
authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));
LOGGER.info("authenticated user:{}", username);
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
}
}
}
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
项目源码地址 github.com/macrozheng/…
mall持续更新地址：https://github.com/macrozheng/mall
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