一、前言
RESTful API 是基于HTTP协议产生的一种相对简单的API设计方案;
RESTful 的核心是 everything is a “resource”,所有的HTTP action,都应该是相应resource上可以被操作和处理的,而API 就是对资源的管理操作,而这个具体操作是由 HTTP action 指定的。
使用HTTP的GET、POST、DELETE、PUT来表示对于资源的增删改查。
- GET:读取(Read)
- POST:新建(Create)
- PUT:更新(Update)
- DELETE:删除(Delete)
学习资料准备:
(1)用于测试的实体类:
public class Student
{
public string StuNo { get; set; } //学号
public string StuName { get; set; } //姓名
public string StuSex { get; set; } //性别
}
(2)模拟的测试数据(编写在webapi类的构造函数中):
public static List<Student> StuList { get; set; }
public ServerController()
{
StuList = new List<Student>();
StuList.Add(new Student { StuNo = "001", StuName = "孙悟空", StuSex = "男" });
StuList.Add(new Student { StuNo = "002", StuName = "猪八戒", StuSex = "男" });
StuList.Add(new Student { StuNo = "003", StuName = "白骨精", StuSex = "女" });
}
二、获取所有数据
API接口:
[HttpGet]
public List<Student> GetList([FromBody]dynamic obj)
{
return StuList;
}
三、获取详情
API接口:
[HttpGet]
public Student GetDetail(string id)
{
Student stu = StuList.SingleOrDefault(p => p.StuNo.Equals(id));
return stu;
}
四、新增数据
API接口:
[HttpPost]
public IHttpActionResult Add([FromBody] Student stu)
{
StuList.Add(stu);
return Json(new { msg = "添加成功!",data=StuList });
}
五、修改数据
API接口:
[HttpPut]
public IHttpActionResult Update(string id, [FromBody] Student stu)
{
Student model = StuList.SingleOrDefault(p => p.StuNo.Equals(id));
if (model == null)
return Json(new { msg = "修改的数据不存在!" });
model.StuNo = stu.StuNo;
model.StuName = stu.StuName;
model.StuSex = stu.StuSex;
return Json(new { msg = "修改成功!", data = model });
}
六、删除数据
API接口:
[HttpDelete]
public IHttpActionResult Delete(string id)
{
Student model = StuList.SingleOrDefault(p => p.StuNo.Equals(id));
if (model == null)
return Json(new { msg = "删除的数据不存在!" });
StuList.Remove(model);
return Json(new { msg = "删除成功!", data = StuList });
}
七、特性路由
(1) 基本路由映射
API接口:
[HttpGet]
[Route("api/Route/Basic")]
public IHttpActionResult GetBasic()
{
return Json(new { msg = "测试基本的特性路由!" });
}
接口访问地址:
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Basic
(2) 路由映射参数
API接口:
[HttpGet]
[Route("api/Route/Param/{id}/{name}")]
public IHttpActionResult Get2(string id,string name)
{
return Json(new { msg = "测试路由映射参数!",data = new { id= id,name=name } });
}
接口访问地址:
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Param/001/孙悟空
(3) 多重特性路由
API接口:
[HttpGet]
[Route("api/Route/Multiple1/{id}/{name}")]
[Route("api/Route/Multiple2/{id}/{name}")]
public IHttpActionResult Get3(string id,string name)
{
return Json(new { msg = "测试多重特性路由!",data = new { id= id,name=name } });
}
接口访问地址:
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Multiple1/001/孙悟空
或
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Multiple2/001/孙悟空
(4) 缺省参数路由
API接口:
[HttpGet]
[Route("api/Route/Default/{id}/{name?}")]
public IHttpActionResult Get4(string id, string name="孙悟空")
{
return Json(new { msg = "测试缺省参数路由!", data = new { id = id, name = name } });
}
或
[HttpGet]
[Route("api/Route/Default/{id}/{name=孙悟空}")]
public IHttpActionResult Get4(string id, string name)
{
return Json(new { msg = "测试缺省参数路由!", data = new { id = id, name = name } });
}
接口访问地址:
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Default/001
(5) 参数约束路由
ASP.NET Web API内置约束有下面这些:
{x:alpha} 约束大小写英文字母
{x:bool}
{x:datetime}
{x:decimal}
{x:double}
{x:float}
{x:guid}
{x:int}
{x:length(6)}
{x:length(1,20)} 约束长度范围
{x:long}
{x:maxlength(10)}
{x:min(10)}
{x:range(10,50)} //约束值的范围
{x:regex(正则表达式)}
可以设置多个约束:
[Route("api/Route/orders/{id:int:min(1)}")]
API接口:
[HttpGet]
[Route("api/Route/Check/{id:range(1,100)}/{name}")]
public IHttpActionResult Get5(int id, string name)
{
return Json(new { msg = "测试参数约束路由!", data = new { id = id, name = name } });
}
接口访问地址:(以下地址可以正常访问接口)
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Check/11/孙悟空
接口访问地址:(以下地址无法访问接口)
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Check/101/孙悟空
(6) 通配符(*)路由变量
API接口:
[HttpGet]
[Route("api/Route/Date/{id:range(1,100)}/{name}/{*birthday}")]
public IHttpActionResult Get6(int id, string name,DateTime birthday)
{
return Json(new { msg = "*使用!", data = new { id = id, name = name,birthday = birthday.ToString("yyyy年MM月dd日") } });
}
接口访问地址:
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Date/1/jack/1988-8-8
接口访问地址:(此地址如果在路由中没有*则无法访问,因为程序会认为“1988/8/8”是三个参数,而不是一个参数)
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Date/1/jack/1988/8/8
(7) 路由映射复杂参数
给实体类添加特性使其支持绑定:
[ModelBinder]
public class Student
{
public string StuNo { get; set; } //学号
public string StuName { get; set; } //姓名
public string StuSex { get; set; } //性别
}
方案一API接口:
[HttpGet]
[Route("api/Route/Class/{stu.StuNo}/{stu.StuName}/{stu.StuSex}")]
public IHttpActionResult Get7(Student stu)
{
return Json(new { msg = "路由映射复杂参数!", data = stu });
}
方案一接口访问地址:
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Class/001/jack/man
方案二API接口:
[HttpGet]
[Route("api/Route/Class")]
public IHttpActionResult Get7(Student stu)
{
return Json(new { msg = "路由映射复杂参数!", data = stu });
}
方案二接口访问地址:
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Class?stu.StuNo=001&stu.StuName=jack&stu.StuSex=man
(8) 路由前缀
在控制器类上定义路由前缀:
[RoutePrefix("api/Prefix")]
public class PrefixController : ApiController
{
}
路由前缀API接口:
[Route("Basic")]
public IHttpActionResult Get1()
{
return Json(new { msg = "测试路由前缀!" });
}
接口访问地址:
http://localhost:60650/api/Prefix/Basic
取消路由前缀API接口:
[Route("~/api/Cancel/Basic")] //通过~/取消路由前缀
public IHttpActionResult Get2()
{
return Json(new { msg = "取消路由前缀!" });
}
接口访问地址:
http://localhost:60650/api/Cancel/Basic
到此这篇关于使用ASP.NET Web API构建Restful API的文章就介绍到这了。希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持编程网。