1.创建备份用户

百度过程中，有人说用最高权限root直接备份，不可取不安全，所以单独创建一个用于备份的用户
学习–去看–Mysql 备份所需要的权限

1.进入Mysql容器docker exec -it 40e25670af17 /bin/bash2.进入mysql,-p 回车 输入密码（密码是隐式）,再回车即登陆进去mysql -uroot -p3.创建用户 '账号'@'权限' IDENTIFIED BY '密码'mysql> CREATE USER 'mysql_back'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql_back';4.查询用户,分别执行下面两句mysql> use mysql;mysql> select user from user;+------------------+| user             |+------------------+| mysql_back       || mysql.infoschema || mysql.session    || mysql.sys        || root             |+------------------+5.设置普通权限 - 感觉不加也可以，主要是下面6的权限mysql> GRANT all ON test_db.* TO 'mysql_back'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;

6.设置备份需要的权限，若未加，备份会报错mysql> GRANT reload,REPLICATION CLIENT,select ON *.* TO 'mysql_back'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;7.查询用户权限 mysql> show grants for 'mysql_back'@'%'; +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| Grants for mysql_back@%       |+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| GRANT SELECT, RELOAD, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO `mysql_back`@`%` WITH GRANT OPTION || GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `test_db`.* TO `mysql_back`@`%` WITH GRANT OPTION             |+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

学习–去看后半部分–备份数据库需要的权限

2.准备测试数据

1.创建数据库mysql> CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS test_db DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 DEFAULT COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;2.查询数据库mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| test_db            || mysql              || performance_schema |+--------------------+12 rows in set (0.00 sec)3.查询创建数据库完整语句show create database test_db; +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| Database | Create Database   |+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| test_db  | CREATE DATABASE `test_db`   |+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)4.创建表，两句分开执行mysql> use test_db;mysql> create table tb_test ( id INT(11), name VARCHAR(25) );5.查看表mysql> show tables;+-------------------+| Tables_in_test_db |+-------------------+| tb_test           |+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)6.插入数据 mysql> insert into tb_test values  (1,"1"),(2,"2";    7.查询数据mysql> select * from tb_test;+------+------+| id   | name |+------+------+|    1 | 1    ||    2 | 2    |+------+------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3.完全备份

1.备份命令docker exec -it 40e25670af17 mysql -umysql_back -pmysql_back test_db < /data/docker/mysql-back/TestBackup.sql2.备份完进入mysql 容器docker exec -it 40e25670af17 /bin/bash3.从宿主机 mysql-back 下的sql 复制内容到 容器内部 tmp 下docker cp /data/docker/mysql-back/TestBackup.sql 40e25670af17:/tmp/4.进入mysql,回车输入密码mysql -uroot -p5.使用test_db数据库mysql> use test_db;6.插入新数据mysql> insert into tb_test values (3,'3a'),(4,'4a');7.查询mysql> select * from tb_test;+------+------+| id   | name |+------+------+|    1 | 1    ||    2 | 2    ||    3 | 3a   ||    4 | 4a   |+------+------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

8.恢复 完全备份 数据mysql> source /tmp/TestBackup.sqlQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec......

9.再次查询数据，发现恢复到插入新数据前mysql> select * from tb_test;+------+------+| id   | name |+------+------+|    1 | 1    ||    2 | 2    |+------+------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4.知识点解析

数据库备份有哪些方式？答：数据库备份分为 逻辑备份 与 物理备份，逻辑备份 分为 完全备份、差异备份、增量备份3种

学习–了解–数据库的两种备份方式：逻辑备份和物理备份
 学习–了解–一分钟看懂完全备份、差异备份以及增量备份

.为什么给数据库用户设置了 all 权限，依旧需要额外再设置备份需要的权限？答：因为 ALL PRIVILEGES 不包含备份用户需要的权限ALL PRIVILEGES 包含[select,insert,update,delete,create,drop,references,index,alter,create temporary tables,lock tables,execute,create view,show view,create routine,alter routine,event,trigger]

2.备份语句解析【如果想备份全部数据库 --all-databases,/home/*.sql 备份的位置mysqldump -u root -p密码 --all-databases> /home/0716_.sql;】【这个语句中mysqldump -uroot -p --single-transaction --master-data=2 --routines --flush-logs -B --all-databases > fullbackupfile28.sql--single-transaction、 --master-data=2 表示一致性备份，一般一起使用不单用--routines 备份函数触发器--flush-logs备份前刷新日志（保证数据完全备份,若数据库开了二进制日志，则不需要使用该参数和一致性参数--single-transaction、 --master-data=2）-B：最大的特点就是加入了库，数据恢复时不需要再创建库】