前言
本篇博客将会通过我们的实际场景来演示如何在Spring Boot中集成RabbitMQ以及如何对各种队列模式进行操作。
一、场景描述
我们通过模仿用户下订单时,订单系统分别通过短信,邮件或微信进行推送消息,如下图:
二、准备工作
(1)创建两个Spring Boot项目分别对应生产者和消费者。
(2)导入依赖。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
(3)定义生产者的配置文件。
application.yml:
server:
port: 8021
spring:
#给项目来个名字
application:
name: rabbitmq-provider
#配置rabbitMq 服务器
rabbitmq:
host: 服务器地址
port: 5672
username: yixin
password: 123456
#虚拟host 可以不设置,使用server默认host
virtual-host: /
(4)定义消费者的配置文件。
application.yml:
server:
port: 8022
spring:
#给项目来个名字
application:
name: rabbitmq-consumer
#配置rabbitMq 服务器
rabbitmq:
host: 服务器地址
port: 5672
username: yixin
password: 123456
#虚拟host 可以不设置,使用server默认host
virtual-host: /
三、发布/订阅模式(Fanout)
? 生产者
项目名:rabbitmq-fanout-provider
(1)编写配置类。
package com.yixin.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class FanoutRabbitConfig {
@Bean
public Queue queueShortMessage() {
// durable:是否持久化,默认是false,持久化队列:会被存储在磁盘上,当消息代理重启时仍然存在,暂存队列:当前连接有效
// exclusive:默认也是false,只能被当前创建的连接使用,而且当连接关闭后队列即被删除。此参考优先级高于durable
// autoDelete:是否自动删除,当没有生产者或者消费者使用此队列,该队列会自动删除。
// return new Queue("TestDirectQueue",true,true,false);
//一般设置一下队列的持久化就好,其余两个就是默认false
return new Queue("fanout.ShortMessage",true);
}
@Bean
public Queue queueEmail() {
return new Queue("fanout.Email",true);
}
@Bean
public Queue queueWeChat() {
return new Queue("fanout.WeChat",true);
}
//Fanout交换机 起名:fanoutExchange
@Bean
FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {
return new FanoutExchange("fanoutExchange");
}
//绑定 将队列和交换机绑定
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeShortMessage() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueShortMessage()).to(fanoutExchange());
}
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeEmail() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueEmail()).to(fanoutExchange());
}
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeWeChat() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueWeChat()).to(fanoutExchange());
}
}
(2)编写一个Controller类进行推送消息。
package com.yixin.controller;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
@RestController
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; //使用RabbitTemplate,这提供了接收/发送等等方法
@GetMapping("/sendFanoutMessage")
public String sendFanoutMessage() {
String messageId = String.valueOf(UUID.randomUUID());
String messageData = "用户成功下单了!";
String createTime = LocalDateTime.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("messageId", messageId);
map.put("messageData", messageData);
map.put("createTime", createTime);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("fanoutExchange", null, map);
return "ok";
}
}
? 消费者
项目名:rabbitmq-fanout-consumer
邮件系统:
package com.yixin.consumer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.Email")
public class Email {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(Map testMessage) {
System.out.println("邮件系统收到消息 : " +testMessage.toString());
}
}
短信系统:
package com.yixin.consumer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.ShortMessage")
public class ShortMessage {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(Map testMessage) {
System.out.println("短信系统收到消息 : " +testMessage.toString());
}
}
微信系统:
package com.yixin.consumer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.WeChat")
public class WeChat {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(Map testMessage) {
System.out.println("微信系统收到消息 : " +testMessage.toString());
}
}
现在我们已经创建好了,将rabbitmq-fanout-provider和rabbitmq-fanout-consumer项目都跑起来,在浏览器输入:http://localhost:8021/sendFanoutMessage 进行发送消息。
消费者的控制台情况如下:
四、Work模式
4.1 轮询模式
解释:所谓轮询分发就是有两个消费者监听同一个队列,那么当我们发大量消息的时候,交换器会将消息平均分配给两个消费者,就算其中一个消费者的处理效率比另一个高,也同样只能分配一样的消息数量。
? 生产者
(1)编写配置类。
package com.yixin.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class WorkRabbitMQConfig {
@Bean
public Queue queueWork() {
return new Queue("queue_work",true);
}
@Bean
FanoutExchange workExchange() {
return new FanoutExchange("WorkExchange");
}
//绑定 将队列和交换机绑定
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeShortMessage() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueWork()).to(workExchange());
}
}
(2)编写Controller类进行推送消息。
package com.yixin.controller;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
@RestController
public class SendMessageController {
@Autowired
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; //使用RabbitTemplate,这提供了接收/发送等等方法
@GetMapping("/sendWorkMessage")
public String sendDirectMessage() {
for(int i=0;i<10;i++) {
String message="收到消息:"+i;
//将消息携带绑定键值:shortmessage 发送到交换机DirectExchange
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("WorkExchange", "", message);
System.out.println("发送成功:"+i);
}
return "消息发送成功!";
}
}
? 消费者
邮件系统:
package com.yixin.consumer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "queue_work")
public class Email {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String testMessage) {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("邮件系统收到消息 : " +testMessage);
}
}
短信系统:
package com.yixin.consumer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "queue_work")
public class ShortMessage {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String testMessage) {
//休眠300毫秒,表示效率相比Email低
try {
Thread.sleep(300);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("短信系统收到消息 : " +testMessage);
}
}
我们把生产者和消费者项目都启动起来,访问 http://localhost:8021/sendWorkMessage 进行推送消息:
查看消费者的消费信息:
可以发现两者的工作效率不一样,但分配到的数量确实一样的,邮件收到的是偶数,短信收到的是奇数,这就是轮询分发!
4.2 公平分发
解读:公平分发就是根据谁执行的效率高,那么就给其多分发消息进行处理,正所谓能者多劳。
实现公平分发很简单,在基于轮询分发的基础上,我们只需要在消费者项目的配置文件中加入以下代码:
spring:
listener:
simple:
prefetch: 1
表示将预处理模式更改为每次读取1条消息,在消费者未回执确认之前,不在进行下一条消息的投送。
故我们的消费者的配置文件整体如下:
application.yml:
server:
port: 8022
spring:
application:
name: rabbitmq-consumer
rabbitmq:
host: 服务器地址
port: 5672
username: yixin
password: 123456
virtual-host: /
listener:
simple:
prefetch: 1
我们重新启动生产者和消费者项目,消费情况如下:
现在可以发现,10条消息,邮件系统消费了7条,因为邮件系统比短信系统的执行效率更高!
五、路由模式(Direct)
? 生产者
项目名:rabbitmq-direct-provider
(1)编写配置类。
package com.yixin.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class DirectRabbitConfig {
@Bean
public Queue queueShortMessage() {
return new Queue("direct.ShortMessage",true);
}
@Bean
public Queue queueEmail() {
return new Queue("direct.Email",true);
}
@Bean
public Queue queueWeChat() {
return new Queue("direct.WeChat",true);
}
//Direct交换机 起名:DirectExchange
@Bean
DirectExchange DirectExchange() {
return new DirectExchange("DirectExchange",true,false);
}
//绑定 将队列和交换机绑定,并设置用于匹配键
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeShortMessage() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueShortMessage()).to(DirectExchange()).with("shortmessage");
}
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeEmail() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueEmail()).to(DirectExchange()).with("email");
}
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeWeChat() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueWeChat()).to(DirectExchange()).with("wechat");
}
}
(2)编写Controller类进行推送消息。
package com.yixin.controller;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
@RestController
public class SendMessageController {
@Autowired
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; //使用RabbitTemplate,这提供了接收/发送等等方法
@GetMapping("/sendDirectMessage")
public String sendDirectMessage() {
String messageId = String.valueOf(UUID.randomUUID());
String messageData = "Direct:用户成功下单了!";
String createTime = LocalDateTime.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<>();
map.put("messageId",messageId);
map.put("messageData",messageData);
map.put("createTime",createTime);
//将消息携带绑定键值:shortmessage 发送到交换机DirectExchange
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("DirectExchange", "shortmessage", map);
return "消息发送成功!";
}
}
? 消费者
项目名:rabbitmq-direct-consumer
邮件系统:
package com.yixin.consumer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "direct.Email")
public class Email {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(Map testMessage) {
System.out.println("邮件系统收到消息 : " +testMessage.toString());
}
}
短信系统:
package com.yixin.consumer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "direct.ShortMessage")
public class ShortMessage {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(Map testMessage) {
System.out.println("短信系统收到消息 : " +testMessage.toString());
}
}
微信系统:
package com.yixin.consumer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "direct.WeChat")
public class WeChat {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(Map testMessage) {
System.out.println("微信系统收到消息 : " +testMessage.toString());
}
}
我们将生产者和消费者项目都跑起来,在浏览器输入:http://localhost:8021/sendDirectMessage 进行发送消息。
我们的消费者消费情况如下:
发现确实是只有我们的短信系统收到消息了,测试成功!
六、主题模式(Topic)
? 生产者
项目名:rabbitmq-topic-provider
(1)编写配置类。
package com.yixin.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class TopicRabbitConfig {
@Bean
public Queue queueShortMessage() {
return new Queue("topic.ShortMessage");
}
@Bean
public Queue queueEmail() {
return new Queue("topic.Email");
}
@Bean
public Queue queueWeChat() {
return new Queue("topic.WeChat");
}
@Bean
TopicExchange exchange() {
return new TopicExchange("TopicExchange");
}
//将queueShortMessage和TopicExchange绑定,而且绑定的键值为topic.shortmessage
//这样只要是消息携带的路由键是topic.shortmessage,才会分发到该队列
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeShortMessage() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueShortMessage()).to(exchange()).with("topic.shortmessage");
}
//将queueEmail和TopicExchange绑定,而且绑定的键值为用上通配路由键规则topic.#
// 这样只要是消息携带的路由键是以topic.开头,都会分发到该队列
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeEmail() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueEmail()).to(exchange()).with("topic.#");
}
//只要是消息携带的路由键是topic.wechat,才会分发到该队列
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeWeChat() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueEmail()).to(exchange()).with("topic.wechat");
}
}
(2)编写Controller类进行推送消息。
package com.yixin.controller;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
@RestController
public class SendMessageController {
@Autowired
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; //使用RabbitTemplate,这提供了接收/发送等等方法
@GetMapping("/sendTopicMessage")
public String sendDirectMessage() {
String messageId = String.valueOf(UUID.randomUUID());
String messageData = "Topic:用户成功下单了!";
String createTime = LocalDateTime.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<>();
map.put("messageId",messageId);
map.put("messageData",messageData);
map.put("createTime",createTime);
//将消息携带绑定键值:topic.shortmessage 发送到交换机TopicExchange
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("TopicExchange", "topic.shortmessage", map);
return "消息发送成功!";
}
}
? 消费者
项目名:rabbitmq-topic-consumer
邮件系统:
package com.yixin.consumer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "topic.Email")
public class Email {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(Map testMessage) {
System.out.println("邮件系统收到消息 : " +testMessage.toString());
}
}
短信系统:
package com.yixin.consumer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "topic.ShortMessage")
public class ShortMessage {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(Map testMessage) {
System.out.println("短信系统收到消息 : " +testMessage.toString());
}
}
微信系统:
package com.yixin.consumer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "topic.WeChat")
public class WeChat {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(Map testMessage) {
System.out.println("微信系统收到消息 : " +testMessage.toString());
}
}
现在把我们的项目生产者和消费者项目启动起来,并输入http://localhost:8021/sendTopicMessage 进行推送消息。
对我们的消费者接受消息的情况进行查看:
可以发现只有我们的邮件和短信系统收到了通知,测试成功!
小结
以上就是【一心同学】整理的如何在【Spring Boot】中集成【RabbitMQ】并且通过【场景演示】在Spring Boot中对各种【队列模式】的使用,大家可以自己动手演示一遍,记忆更加深刻。
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