一、微服务简介
Ⅰ、我对微服务的理解
微服务是软件开发的一种架构方式,由单一的应用小程序构成的小服务;一个软件系统由多个服务组成;在微服务中,服务是细粒度的,协议是轻量级的(部署简单、性能开销小)
Ⅱ、为什么要使用微服务?
随着时代的发展,单体架构(MVC三层模型)越来越不能满足企业的要求;业务规模的不断扩大、团队开发人员的增多,使得单体架构出现了以下几个问题:
(1)部署效率低(比如代码量非常多,依赖的包非常多,那么每一次编译打包、部署测试的时间就会很久)
(2)团队开发成本高(如果某个模块出现问题,可能就要多人修改)
(3)高可用性低(打成war包部署之后,如果某一块出现了问题,其他模块都会受到影响)
(4)一旦代码膨胀(简单了说你写的代码量大,但功能没实现几个,浪费资源),上线就会变慢
SOA(面向服务编程)便出现了
SOA简介
SOA是一个组件模型,它将应用程序的不同功能单元(称为服务)进行拆分,并通过这些服务之间定义良好的接口和协议联系起来。
虽然解决了服务的启动时间,但服务化也有很大的缺点
1、耦合度较高(一个依赖可能另一个模块,另外一个模块又可能依赖其他模块)
2、公司成本高(每一个模块都要由相应的人员或者团队维护)
2014年,随着容器化技术的成熟以及 DevOps 文化的兴起,微服务便应运而生了
微服务的特点
1.服务细粒度
2.协议轻量级
3.部署简单
4.服务的独立维护性
二、spring cloud
Ⅰ、springcloud介绍
springcloud是分布式微服务架构的一站式解决方案,是多种微服务架构落地技术的集合体。
1.分布式/版本化配置
2.服务注册和发现
3.路由
4.服务到服务的通话
5.负载均衡
6.断路器
7.全局锁
8.领导选举和集群状态
9.分布式消息传递
SpringCloud的官网地址:https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud#overview
Ⅱ、boot和cloud的版本选型
1.进入springcloud官方页面:https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud#learn
2. LEARN->Reference Doc.
3. 版本选择
三、springcloud初级项目体验
最近发现网络上很多springcloud入门体验都是关于消费-订单的小Demo,那我当然不能落后了(菜是原罪😀)
PRE: 模拟服务间调用之流程分析
1、创建一个父项目(统一管理子模块依赖版本)
2、创建第一个子模块-----》订单服务模块
3、创建第二个子模块-----》客户消费模块
3.1、订单服务模块
编写代码之前应该先构思好流程,如果直接就去码代码,码了一会可能又要添添改改;还有可能做完项目之后又要对项目进行重构,这就是没有构思好流程。
1、技术选型
2、业务流程
3、核心业务分析
4、代码优化
…
Ⅰ、数据库表设计
Ⅱ、创建一个父工程
删除多余的文件,留下一个pom.xml文件
pom文件依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud_all</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
## 创建了子模块之后会自动加入
## <module>payment-module</module>
</modules>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.13</junit.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
<mysql.version>8.0.19</mysql.version>
<druid.version>1.2.4</druid.version>
<mybatis.spring.boot.version>2.1.4</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
<druid.spring.boot.version>1.2.4</druid.spring.boot.version>
<springfox-swagger-ui.version>2.9.2</springfox-swagger-ui.version>
<springfox-swagger2.version>2.9.2</springfox-swagger2.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.4.3</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring-cloud 2020.0.2-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2020.0.2</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring-cloud alibaba-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2021.1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>${druid.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${druid.spring.boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
<version>${springfox-swagger-ui.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
<version>${springfox-swagger2.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<fork>true</fork>
<addResources>true</addResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
Ⅲ、创建子订单模块
右键->New->Module
PaymentApplication启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentApplication.class,args);
}
}
Ⅲ、子模块代码编写
Ⅲ.Ⅰ、pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud_all</artifactId>
<groupId>com.cloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.pay</groupId>
<artifactId>payment-module</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!-- web+监控-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- jdbc-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
Ⅲ.Ⅱ、application.yml 配置文件编写
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: payment-module
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloud?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
username: root
password: hao20001010
mybatis:
mapper-locations: classpath:mapper
@RestController
@Slf4j
@Api(value = "《----订单模块----》")
public class PaymentController {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PaymentController.class);
@Resource
private PaymentService paymentService;
@ApiOperation(value = "创建订单")
@PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
public Result create(@RequestBody Payment payment) {
int result = paymentService.create(payment);
logger.info("插入结果========》" +result);
if (result > 0) {
return new Result(200,"插入成功", result);
} else {
return new Result(500, "插入失败", null);
}
}
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
@ApiModelProperty(value = "订单查询")
public Result getPaymentById(@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id) {
Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
logger.info("订单查询结果=========>"+payment);
if (payment != null) {
return new Result(200, "查询成功", payment);
} else {
logger.error("订单插叙失败!请排查原因");
return new Result(500, "查询失败,无该订单ID:"+id, null);
}
}
}
Ⅲ.Ⅳ、service层
public interface PaymentService {
int create(Payment payment);
Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Integer id);
}
@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {
@Resource
private PaymentMapper paymentMapper;
@Override
public int create(Payment payment) {
return paymentMapper.create(payment);
}
@Override
public Payment getPaymentById(Integer id) {
return paymentMapper.getPaymentById(id);
}
}
Ⅲ.Ⅴ、mapper层
@Mapper
public interface PaymentMapper {
int create(Payment payment);
Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Integer id);
}
Ⅲ.Ⅵ、mapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.cloud.mapper.PaymentMapper">
<insert id="create" parameterType="payment" keyProperty="id" useGeneratedKeys="true">
insert into payment(orders)values(#{orders})
</insert>
<select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="payment" resultMap="BaseResultMap" >
select * from payment where id=#{id}
</select>
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="payment">
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
<id column="orders" property="orders" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
</resultMap>
</mapper>
Ⅳ、统一结果封装类及其实体类
@Data
public class Result<T> implements Serializable {
private Integer code;
private String message;
private T data;
public Result(){}
public Result(Integer code, String msg) {
this(code, msg, null);
}
public Result(Integer code, String msg, T data) {
this.code = code;
this.message = msg;
this.data = data;
}
}
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@ApiModel(value = "Payment实体类")
public class Payment {
@ApiModelProperty(value = "id")
private Integer id;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "订单信息")
private String orders;
}
五、测试
3.2、消费服务模块
消费模块项目结构图
Payment、Result以及ConsumerApplication启动类和上面类似。
PRE:RestTemplate详解
RestTemplate是spring封装的一个服务端远程HTTP请求工具,支持常见的Rest请求(get、post等)
简单了说就是用来远程调用的,因为你订单模块是一个服务,消费模块又是一个单独的服务,两个服务端的端口号要进行交互,所以就有了RestTemplate
RestTemplate是服务端HTTP调用的
Jsonp是客户端调用的
Ⅰ、消费模块application.yml配置
server:
port: 80
Ⅱ、配置类注入RestTemplate
@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
@Configuration : 该注解类似于beans
@Bean:当然就类似于bean了
Ⅲ、ConsumerController
@RestController
@Api(value = "消费模块")
public class ConsumerController {
private static final String CONSUMER_URL = "http://localhost:8081";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
@ApiOperation(value = "模拟添加")
public Result<Payment> create(Payment payment) {
return restTemplate.postForObject(CONSUMER_URL + "/payment/create", payment, Result.class);
}
@ApiOperation(value = "模拟获取")
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
public Result<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id) {
return restTemplate.getForObject(CONSUMER_URL + "/payment/get/" + id, Result.class);
}
}
3.3、全局测试
到此结束!
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