写在前面
在工作中不管是程序bug,运维的失误,等,都有可能导致数据误删除,或者是误操作,此时我们就必须快速的恢复数据,避免对正常业务造成过大的影响,甚至出现事故,本文我们按照如下的几种情况来分析下误删数据如何处理:
1:误删除行数据2:误删除表数据3:误删除库数据4:误删除MySQL实例
下面我们就按照这个顺序来一起看下。
1:误删除行数据
对于这种情况,可以比较容易的使用flashback的功能来进行数据的恢复,目前业界已有的方式如下:
1:mysqlbinlog 优点:字段简单的话可以快速生成sql,编程门槛低 缺点:字段如果是比较复杂,如字段值中包含特殊字符时,需要考虑进行转义,容易出错。2:给源码打patach, 优点:可以复用MySQL server层binlog解析相关的代码,效率高 缺点:版本敏感,升级困难,每次升级几乎等同于依次版本的重构(这里的重构指的是patch的闪回功能)3:使用业界提供的binlog解析的库 优点:如果是成熟的库,稳定性好,容易上手 缺点:效率低,功能受限于所使用的binlog解析库
对于1
考虑其易出错的问题,我们不再重点分析,对于2
,给源码打patch,我真的很想分享一波,可是奈何实力不允许,我不会啊!所以我们就看下3
中的佼佼者MyFlash 。
1.1:安装myflash
在这里 下载源码包。
环境要求:
1、binlog格式必须为row,且binlog_row_image=full2、仅支持5.6与5.73、只能回滚DML(增、删、改)
安装:
unzip MyFlash-master.zipmv MyFlash-master /usr/local/MyFlash/gcc -w `pkg-config --cflags --libs glib-2.0` source/binlogParseGlib.c -o binary/flashback
查看帮助:
[root@localhost MyFlash-master]# ./binary/flashback -hUsage: flashback [OPTION?]Help Options: -h, --help Show help optionsApplication Options: --databaseNames databaseName to apply. if multiple, seperate by comma(,) --tableNames tableName to apply. if multiple, seperate by comma(,) --tableNames-file tableName to apply. if multiple, seperate by comma(,) --start-position start position --stop-position stop position --start-datetime start time (format %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S) --stop-datetime stop time (format %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S) --sqlTypes sql type to filter . support INSERT, UPDATE ,DELETE. if multiple, seperate by comma(,) --maxSplitSize max file size after split, the uint is M --binlogFileNames binlog files to process. if multiple, seperate by comma(,) --outBinlogFileNameBase output binlog file name base --logLevel log level, available option is debug,warning,error --include-gtids gtids to process. if multiple, seperate by comma(,) --include-gtids-file gtids to process. if multiple, seperate by comma(,) --exclude-gtids gtids to skip. if multiple, seperate by comma(,) --exclude-gtids-file gtids to skip. if multiple, seperate by comma(,)
1.2:准备测试数据
-- 建库create database cym; use cym;-- 建表CREATE TABLE `t1` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB charset=utf8mb4;-- 插入数据flush logs;insert into t1 values (1,'a'),(2,'b');
查看binlog如下:
mysql> show binary logs;+----------------+-----------+| Log_name | File_size |+----------------+-----------+| log-bin.000001 | 462 || log-bin.000002 | 722 || log-bin.000003 | 417 |+----------------+-----------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.3:查看数据
mysql> select * from t1;+----+------+| id | name |+----+------+| 1 | a || 2 | b |+----+------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.4:查看生成的binlog
关于binlog可以参考这篇文章 。
[root@localhost MyFlash-master]# mysqlbinlog -vv /usr/local/mysql/log-bin.000003 ;...';### INSERT INTO `cym`.`t1`### SET### @1=1 ### @2='a' ### INSERT INTO `cym`.`t1`### SET### @1=2 ### @2='b' # at 386#220823 14:49:22 server id 1 end_log_pos 417 CRC32 0xe1b8e2bd Xid = 30COMMIT;SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' ;DELIMITER ;# End of log file;;
1.5:使用myflash生成反操作的binlog
[root@localhost MyFlash-master]# ./binary/flashback --binlogFileNames=/usr/local/mysql/log-bin.000003 --outBinlogFileNameBase=dongshimummy[root@localhost MyFlash-master]# ll | grep 'mummy'-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 250 Aug 23 15:14 dongshimummy.flashback
查看其内容:
[root@localhost MyFlash-master]# mysqlbinlog -vv dongshimummy.flashback ;...';### DELETE FROM `cym`.`t1`### WHERE### @1=1 ### @2='a' ### DELETE FROM `cym`.`t1`### WHERE### @1=2 ### @2='b' # at 219#220823 14:49:22 server id 1 end_log_pos 250 CRC32 0xe1b8e2bd Xid = 30COMMIT;SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' ;DELIMITER ;# End of log file;;
可以看到生成了对应的删除语句。
1.6:恢复数据
- 恢复前查看数据
mysql> select * from t1;+----+------+| id | name |+----+------+| 1 | a || 2 | b |+----+------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 恢复数据并查看数据
[root@localhost MyFlash-master]# mysqlbinlog /root/study/myflash/MyFlash-master/dongshimummy.flashback | mysql -uroot -p123456mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.mysql> select * from t1;Empty set (0.00 sec)
1.7:更新场景恢复数据
- 准备测试数据
-- 建库create database cym; use cym;-- 建表CREATE TABLE `t1` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB charset=utf8mb4;mysql> update t1 set name='a10000' where id=1;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0mysql> update t1 set name='a20000' where id=1;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
注意此时我们并没有flush logs,即不会生成新的
- 确定位点
我们之所以没有执行flush logs,是为了模拟真实环境的情况,那么我们就需要来确定要同步的开始的位点是什么,可以像下面这样通过sql语句中的关键字来操作:
- 恢复数据
[root@localhost MyFlash-master]# binary/flashback --start-position=3084 --binlogFileNames=/usr/local/mysql/log-bin.000003 --outBinlogFileNameBase=dongshimeimei [root@localhost MyFlash-master]# mysql -uroot -p -e"select * from cym.t1 where id=1" Enter password: +----+--------+| id | name |+----+--------+| 1 | a20000 |+----+--------+[root@localhost MyFlash-master]# mysqlbinlog dongshimeimei.flashback | mysql -uroot -p Enter password: [root@localhost MyFlash-master]# mysql -uroot -p -e"select * from cym.t1 where id=1" Enter password: +----+------+| id | name |+----+------+| 1 | a |+----+------+
1.8:只恢复部分事务数据
注意打开gtid,如下配置:
[mysqld]...gtid-mode=on # 启用gtid类型,否则就是普通的复制架构enforce-gtid-consistency=true # 强制GTID的一致性
准备测试数据:
-- 建库create database cym; use cym;-- 建表CREATE TABLE `t1` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB charset=utf8mb4;-- 插入数据flush logs;insert into t1 values (1,'a'),(2,'b');
1.8.1:准备测试数据
我们使用3个事务,执行不同的修改,具体操作如下。
- 事务1执行操作
更新ID为1的name为aaaaa。
mysql> begin;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> update t1 set name='aaaaa' where id=1;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0mysql> commit;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
查看该事务对应的gtid:
[root@localhost MyFlash-master]# mysqlbinlog -vv /usr/local/mysql/log-bin.000004 | grep 'aaaaa' -B 30...SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'a5e2c832-2291-11ed-9728-000c2933f83c:4';...';### UPDATE `cym`.`t1`### WHERE### @1=1 ### @2='a' ### SET### @1=1 ### @2='aaaaa'
从SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'a5e2c832-2291-11ed-9728-000c2933f83c:4'
可以看到值是a5e2c832-2291-11ed-9728-000c2933f83c:4
,记住该值,后面需要用到。
- 事务2执行操作
插入新的行insert into t1 values (3,'ccccc'),(4,'ddddd');
:
mysql> begin;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into t1 values (3,'ccccc'),(4,'ddddd');Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0mysql> commit;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
查看该事务对应的gtid:
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'a5e2c832-2291-11ed-9728-000c2933f83c:5';...';### INSERT INTO `cym`.`t1`### SET### @1=3 ### @2='ccccc' ### INSERT INTO `cym`.`t1`### SET### @1=4 ### @2='ddddd'
从SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'a5e2c832-2291-11ed-9728-000c2933f83c:5'
可以看到值是a5e2c832-2291-11ed-9728-000c2933f83c:5
,记住该值,后面需要用到。
- 事务3执行操作
更新ID为2的name为bbbb2222,操作如下:
mysql> start transaction;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> update t1 set name='bbbb2222' where id=2;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0mysql> commit;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
查看该事务对应的gtid:
[root@localhost MyFlash-master]# mysqlbinlog -vv /usr/local/mysql/log-bin.000004 | grep 'bbbb2222' -A 5 -B 30...SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'a5e2c832-2291-11ed-9728-000c2933f83c:6';...';### UPDATE `cym`.`t1`### WHERE### @1=2 ### @2='b' ### SET### @1=2 ### @2='bbbb2222' ...
从@@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'a5e2c832-2291-11ed-9728-000c2933f83c:6'
可以看到值是a5e2c832-2291-11ed-9728-000c2933f83c:6
,记住该值,后面需要用到。
- 当前数据状态
- 恢复事务2,事务3
事务2 gtid:a5e2c832-2291-11ed-9728-000c2933f83c:5,事务3gtid:a5e2c832-2291-11ed-9728-000c2933f83c:6,生成闪回文件:
[root@localhost MyFlash-master]# ./binary/flashback --binlogFileNames=/usr/local/mysql/log-bin.000004 --outBinlogFileNameBase=dongshigohome1 --databaseNames=cym --tableNames=t1 --sqlTypes=insert,update --include-gtids='a5e2c832-2291-11ed-9728-000c2933f83c:5,a5e2c832-2291-11ed-9728-000c2933f83c:6'
生成的闪回文件如下:
[root@localhost MyFlash-master]# mysqlbinlog -vv dongshigohome1.flashback ;;DELIMITER ;# at 4#220823 18:01:13 server id 1 end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0xb2284436 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.39-log created 220823 18:01:13 at startup# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.ROLLBACK;BINLOG 'aaUEYw8BAAAAdwAAAHsAAAABAAQANS43LjM5LWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABppQRjEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXwAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKKioAEjQAATZEKLI=';# at 123#220824 13:32:20 server id 1 end_log_pos 170 CRC32 0x0a7a0a8a Table_map: `cym`.`t1` mapped to number 109# at 170#220824 13:32:20 server id 1 end_log_pos 227 CRC32 0x26e7141f Update_rows: table id 109 flags: STMT_END_FBINLOG '5LcFYxMBAAAALwAAAKoAAAAAAG0AAAAAAAEAA2N5bQACdDEAAgMPAlAAAooKego=5LcFYx8BAAAAOQAAAOMAAAAAAG0AAAAAAAEAAgAC///8AgAAAAhiYmJiMjIyMvwCAAAAAWIfFOcm';### UPDATE `cym`.`t1`### WHERE### @1=2 ### @2='bbbb2222' ### SET### @1=2 ### @2='b' # at 227#220823 18:08:27 server id 1 end_log_pos 258 CRC32 0x73720c50 Xid = 16COMMIT;# at 258#220823 18:41:47 server id 1 end_log_pos 305 CRC32 0xeb7b8cc1 Table_map: `cym`.`t1` mapped to number 109# at 305#220823 18:41:47 server id 1 end_log_pos 362 CRC32 0x15f84dc5 Delete_rows: table id 109 flags: STMT_END_FBINLOG '664EYxMBAAAALwAAADEBAAAAAG0AAAAAAAEAA2N5bQACdDEAAgMPAlAAAsGMe+s=664EYyABAAAAOQAAAGoBAAAAAG0AAAAAAAEAAgAC//wDAAAABWNjY2Nj/AQAAAAFZGRkZGTFTfgV';### DELETE FROM `cym`.`t1`### WHERE### @1=3 ### @2='ccccc' ### DELETE FROM `cym`.`t1`### WHERE### @1=4 ### @2='ddddd' # at 362#220823 18:08:27 server id 1 end_log_pos 393 CRC32 0x73720c50 Xid = 16COMMIT;SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' ;DELIMITER ;# End of log file;;
可以看到按照相反的操作顺序,即事务3,事务2的顺序,生成了反向操作的sql语句,然后我们就可以用来恢复数据了。
- 恢复数据并查看
[root@localhost MyFlash-master]# mysqlbinlog -vv --skip-gtids dongshigohome1.flashback | mysql -uroot -p Enter password: [root@localhost MyFlash-master]#
查看数据:
mysql> select * from t1;+----+-------+| id | name |+----+-------+| 1 | aaaaa || 2 | b |+----+-------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
可以看到除了事务1的修改,事务2和事务3都恢复成功了(๑•̀ㅂ•́)و✧。
1.9:如何预防数据误操作
- 开启sql_safe_update 。
- review代码,sql审计。
2:误删除表数据
需要定期备份数据库,并开启binlog日志,接下来通过实战看下如何操作。
2.1:模拟正常的业务操作
创建数据库testdb_restore_table,创建2张表t1,t2,并插入测试数据:
create database testdb_restore_table; use testdb_restore_table;CREATE TABLE `t1` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB charset=utf8mb4;CREATE TABLE `t2` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `age` int(20) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB charset=utf8mb4;insert into t1 values (1,'aaaaa'),(2,'bbbbbb');insert into t2 values (1,23),(2,34);
查看数据:
mysql> use testdb_restore_table;Database changedmysql> show tables;+--------------------------------+| Tables_in_testdb_restore_table |+--------------------------------+| t1 || t2 |+--------------------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from t1;+----+--------+| id | name |+----+--------+| 1 | aaaaa || 2 | bbbbbb |+----+--------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from t2;+----+------+| id | age |+----+------+| 1 | 23 || 2 | 34 |+----+------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.2:模拟某时刻全量备份数据
[root@localhost MyFlash-master]# mysqldump --databases --set-gtid-purged=OFF testdb_restore_table -uroot -p > /tmp/testdb_restore_table_backup20220825_1.sqlEnter password:
即将全量数据备份到/tmp/testdb_restore_table_backup20220825_1.sql
。
2.3:模拟对表t1的各种正常业务操作
mysql> update t1 set name='aaaaa1' where id=1;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0mysql> select * from t1;+----+--------+| id | name |+----+--------+| 1 | aaaaa1 || 2 | bbbbbb |+----+--------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into t1 values(3,'cccccc');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from t1;+----+--------+| id | name |+----+--------+| 1 | aaaaa1 || 2 | bbbbbb || 3 | cccccc |+----+--------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
即更新了ID=1的行,增加了ID=3的行。
2.4:模拟误删除
误删除表t1:
mysql> delete from t1 where id>0;Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> select count(*) from t1;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 0 |+----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.5:在另外一个
MySQL实例恢复数据
另选一个MySQL实例,不直接操作原来数据库的原因是,避免操作失误,对数据造成二次伤害
。
- 在新实例创建数据库testdb_restore_table
mysql> create database testdb_restore_table;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> use testdb_restore_table;Database changedmysql> show tables;Empty set (0.00 sec)
- 恢复备份的全量数据
mysql> source /tmp/testdb_restore_table_backup20220825_1.sql;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)...Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from t1 union select * from t2;+----+--------+| id | name |+----+--------+| 1 | aaaaa || 2 | bbbbbb || 1 | 23 || 2 | 34 |+----+--------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 获取备份后的第一个修改的时间
[root@localhost tmp]# mysqlbinlog -vv /usr/local/mysql/log-bin.000007 | egrep 'aaaaa1' -B 30### @2=34 # at 1811#220825 18:21:42 server id 1 end_log_pos 1842 CRC32 0xb38ce58a Xid = 97COMMIT;# at 1842#220825 18:24:04 server id 1 end_log_pos 1907 CRC32 0xf416ca14 GTID last_committed=6 sequence_number=7 rbr_only=yes;SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'a5e2c832-2291-11ed-9728-000c2933f83c:62';# at 1907#220825 18:24:04 server id 1 end_log_pos 1995 CRC32 0x7dd3689d Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0SET TIMESTAMP=1661423044;BEGIN;# at 1995#220825 18:24:04 server id 1 end_log_pos 2059 CRC32 0xab5d0664 Table_map: `testdb_restore_table`.`t1` mapped to number 118# at 2059#220825 18:24:04 server id 1 end_log_pos 2118 CRC32 0xd5640c69 Update_rows: table id 118 flags: STMT_END_F...ZNU=';### UPDATE `testdb_restore_table`.`t1`### WHERE### @1=1 ### @2='aaaaa' ### SET### @1=1 ### @2='aaaaa1' --...
可以看到时间大概是220825 18:24:04
,记住这个时间,我们会从该时间开始来恢复备份后产生的修改。
- 获取误删除数据事务的gtid
[root@localhost tmp]# mysqlbinlog -vv /usr/local/mysql/log-bin.000007 | egrep 'DELETE FROM `testdb_restore_table`.`t1`' -B 30...SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'a5e2c832-2291-11ed-9728-000c2933f83c:64';...';### DELETE FROM `testdb_restore_table`.`t1`### WHERE### @1=1 ### @2='aaaaa1' ### DELETE FROM `testdb_restore_table`.`t1`### WHERE### @1=2 ### @2='bbbbbb' ### DELETE FROM `testdb_restore_table`.`t1`
从SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'a5e2c832-2291-11ed-9728-000c2933f83c:64'
可以看出误删除表数据的gtid是a5e2c832-2291-11ed-9728-000c2933f83c:64
,记住该值后面我们需要用其来跳过误删除数据的事务。
- 恢复数据
从时间2022-08-25 18:24:00
之后开始恢复数据,并且跳过gtida5e2c832-2291-11ed-9728-000c2933f83c:64
。
[root@localhost tmp]# mysqlbinlog -vv --start-datetime='2022-08-25 18:24:00' --exclude-gtids='a5e2c832-2291-11ed-9728-000c2933f83c:64' /tmp/log-bin.000007 | mysql -uroot -pEnter password:
恢复后查看数据:
mysql> select * from t1;+----+--------+| id | name |+----+--------+| 1 | aaaaa1 || 2 | bbbbbb || 3 | cccccc |+----+--------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
可以看到恢复成功了。
3:误删库
过程同2:误删除表数据
。
写在后面
参考文章列表:
MySQL工具推荐 | 基于MySQL binlog的flashback工具 。
来源地址:https://blog.csdn.net/wang0907/article/details/126530591