一、适用场景
1、ContentProvider为存储和读取数据提供了统一的接口
2、 使用ContentProvider,应用程序可以实现数据共享
3、 android内置的许多数据都是使用ContentProvider形式,供开发者调用的(如视频,音频,图片,通讯录等)
二、概念介绍
1、ContentProvider简介
当应用继承ContentProvider类,并重写该类用于提供数据和存储数据的方法,就可以向其他应用共享其数据。虽然使用其他方法也可以对外共享数据,但数据访问方式会因数据存储的方式而不同,如:采用文件方式对外共享数据,需要进行文件操作读写数据;采用sharedpreferences共享数据,需要使用sharedpreferences API读写数据。而使用ContentProvider共享数据的好处是统一了数据访问方式。
2、Uri类简介
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.changcheng.provider.contactprovider/contact")
在Content Provider中使用的查询字符串有别于标准的SQL查询。很多诸如select, add, delete, modify等操作我们都使用一种特殊的URI来进行,这种URI由3个部分组成, “content://”, 代表数据的路径,和一个可选的标识数据的ID。以下是一些示例URI:
content://media/internal/images 这个URI将返回设备上存储的所有图片
content://contacts/people/ 这个URI将返回设备上的所有联系人信息
content://contacts/people/45 这个URI返回单个结果(联系人信息中ID为45的联系人记录)
尽管这种查询字符串格式很常见,但是它看起来还是有点令人迷惑。为此,Android提供一系列的帮助类(在android.provider包下),里面包含了很多以类变量形式给出的查询字符串,这种方式更容易让我们理解一点,因此,如上面content://contacts/people/45这个URI就可以写成如下形式:Uri person = ContentUris.withAppendedId(People.CONTENT_URI, 45)。
三、使用步骤
1、首先创建一个继承自ContentProvider的类,并实现其6个方法:
此6个方法只有onCreate方法运行在UI线程中,这里在onCreate方法中进行一些数据的初始化工作,初始了SQLite数据库【这里拿封装数据库操作举例,也可以是其他】,创建了两张表book、user 并分别默认插入了两本书,和两个管理员。
package com.hongri.androidipc.contentprovider;
public class MyContentProvider extends ContentProvider {
private static final String TAG = MyContentProvider.class.getSimpleName() + " ";
public static final String AUTHORITIES = "com.hongri.androidipc.contentprovider.provider";
public static final Uri BOOK_CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITIES + "/book");
public static final Uri USER_CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITIES + "/user");
public static final int BOOK_URI_CODE = 0;
public static final int USER_URI_CODE = 1;
private DbOpenHelper mDbHelper;
private SQLiteDatabase mDB;
private Context mContext;
private static final UriMatcher mUriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
static {
mUriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITIES, "book", BOOK_URI_CODE);
mUriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITIES, "user", USER_URI_CODE);
}
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
String currentThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
Logger.d(TAG + "onCreate--" + "currentThreadName:" + currentThreadName);
mContext = getContext();
mDbHelper = new DbOpenHelper(getContext(), "", null, 1);
mDB = mDbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
mDB.execSQL("delete from " + DbOpenHelper.BOOK_TABLE_NAME);
mDB.execSQL("delete from " + DbOpenHelper.USER_TABLE_NAME);
mDB.execSQL("insert into book values('1','Android',234);");
mDB.execSQL("insert into book values('2','Java',348);");
mDB.execSQL("insert into user values('1','hongri',1);");
mDB.execSQL("insert into user values('2','huyin',1);");
return true;
}
private String getTableName(Uri uri) {
switch (mUriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case BOOK_URI_CODE:
return DbOpenHelper.BOOK_TABLE_NAME;
case USER_URI_CODE:
return DbOpenHelper.USER_TABLE_NAME;
default:
break;
}
return "";
}
@Nullable
@Override
public String getType(@NonNull Uri uri) {
return null;
}
@Nullable
@Override
public Uri insert(@NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable ContentValues values) {
String tableName = getTableName(uri);
mDB.insert(tableName, null, values);
mContext.getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
return uri;
}
@Override
public int delete(@NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable String selection, @Nullable String[] selectionArgs) {
String tableName = getTableName(uri);
int count = mDB.delete(tableName, selection, selectionArgs);
if (count > 0) {
mContext.getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
}
return count;
}
@Nullable
@Override
public Cursor query(@NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable String[] projection, @Nullable String selection,
@Nullable String[] selectionArgs, @Nullable String sortOrder) {
String currentThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
Logger.d(TAG + "query: currentThreadName:" + currentThreadName + " uri:" + uri);
String tableName = getTableName(uri);
return mDB.query(tableName, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder, null);
}
@Override
public int update(@NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable ContentValues values, @Nullable String selection,
@Nullable String[] selectionArgs) {
String tableName = getTableName(uri);
if (tableName == null) {
return 0;
}
int row = mDB.update(tableName, values, selection, selectionArgs);
if (row > 0) {
mContext.getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
}
return row;
}
}
上面封装的 DbOpenHelper 代码如下:
package com.hongri.androidipc.db;
public class DbOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
public static final String BOOK_TABLE_NAME = "book";
public static final String USER_TABLE_NAME = "user";
public static final String DB_NAME = "library";
public static final int DB_VERSION = 1;
private String BOOK_SQL;
private String USER_SQL;
public DbOpenHelper(Context context, String name,
CursorFactory factory, int version) {
super(context, DB_NAME, factory, DB_VERSION);
BOOK_SQL = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS " + BOOK_TABLE_NAME + "(_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY," + "name TEXT,"
+ "page INT)";
USER_SQL = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS " + USER_TABLE_NAME + "(_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY," + "name TEXT,"
+ "sex INT)";
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
db.execSQL(BOOK_SQL);
db.execSQL(USER_SQL);
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
}
}
2、在Manifest文件中注册这个ContentProvider:
<provider
android:name="com.hongri.androidipc.contentprovider.MyContentProvider"
android:authorities="com.hongri.androidipc.contentprovider.provider"
android:permission="com.hongri.androidipc.PROVIDER"
android:process=":provider" />
3、在外部应用中访问它:
<activity
android:name=".ContentProviderActivity"
android:process=":remoteProcess">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
</intent-filter>
</activity>
这里单独开启了一个进程 remoteProcess 用来模拟第三方App。
该Activity页面如下,点击相关按钮可以进行基础的增、删、查、改操作,可通过log查看调用结果。
这里注意如果希望监听数据更新,那么需要注册内容观察者 ContentObserver,增、删、改动的时候,会有回调通知,前提是在自定义的ContentProvider类方法中,调用getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);方法即可。
package com.hongri.androidipc;
public class ContentProviderActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
//book uri
private final Uri bookUri = MyContentProvider.BOOK_CONTENT_URI;
//user uri
private final Uri userUri = MyContentProvider.USER_CONTENT_URI;
private Button btnInsert, btnQuery, btnQueryByUser, btnModify, btnDelete;
private Handler mHandler = new Handler();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_content_provider);
btnInsert = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnInsert);
btnQuery = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnQuery);
btnQueryByUser = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnQueryByUser);
btnModify = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnModify);
btnDelete = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnDelete);
btnInsert.setOnClickListener(this);
btnQuery.setOnClickListener(this);
btnQueryByUser.setOnClickListener(this);
btnModify.setOnClickListener(this);
btnDelete.setOnClickListener(this);
getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(bookUri, true, mContentObserver);
getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(userUri, true, mContentObserver);
}
private ContentObserver mContentObserver = new ContentObserver(mHandler) {
@Override
public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
super.onChange(selfChange);
//这里selfChange都是返回false的,不用理会这个参数
Logger.d("onChange调用 --- 数据有更新");
}
};
private void doInsert() {
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("name", "Android框架");
values.put("page", "1213");
Uri uri = getContentResolver().insert(bookUri, values);
Logger.d("插入成功 ---> uri:" + uri.toString());
}
private void doQuery() {
Cursor bookCursor = getContentResolver().query(bookUri, new String[]{"_id", "name", "page"}, null, null, null);
while (bookCursor.moveToNext()) {
Book book = new Book();
book.set_id(bookCursor.getInt(0));
book.setName(bookCursor.getString(1));
book.setPage(bookCursor.getInt(2));
Logger.d("book:" + book.toString());
}
bookCursor.close();
}
private void doQueryUser() {
Cursor userCursor = getContentResolver().query(userUri, new String[]{"_id", "name", "sex"}, null, null, null);
while (userCursor.moveToNext()) {
User user = new User();
user.set_id(userCursor.getInt(0));
user.setName(userCursor.getString(1));
user.setSex(userCursor.getInt(2));
Logger.d("user:" + user.toString());
}
userCursor.close();
}
private void doUpdate() {
ContentValues updateValues = new ContentValues();
updateValues.put("name", "Android底层开发");
updateValues.put("page", 3345);
int row = getContentResolver().update(bookUri, updateValues, "name=?", new String[]{"Android框架"});
if (row > 0) {
Logger.d("book:已修改");
}
}
private void doDelete() {
int count = getContentResolver().delete(bookUri, "name=?", new String[]{"Java"});
if (count > 0) {
Logger.d("book:已进行删除操作");
}
}
@SuppressLint("NonConstantResourceId")
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
int id = v.getId();
switch (id) {
case R.id.btnInsert:
doInsert();
break;
case R.id.btnQuery:
doQuery();
break;
case R.id.btnQueryByUser:
doQueryUser();
break;
case R.id.btnModify:
doUpdate();
doQuery();
break;
case R.id.btnDelete:
doDelete();
doQuery();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
getContentResolver().unregisterContentObserver(mContentObserver);
}
}
以上便是ContentProvider的基础应用。
源码地址:AndroidIPC
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