这篇文章主要介绍了Python怎么实现RSA加密解密的相关知识，内容详细易懂，操作简单快捷，具有一定借鉴价值，相信大家阅读完这篇Python怎么实现RSA加密解密文章都会有所收获，下面我们一起来看看吧。
一、安装模块
pip install pycryptodome二、生成密钥对
密钥对文件生成和读取
代码：
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSAdef create_rsa_pair(is_save=False): ''' 创建rsa公钥私钥对 :param is_save: default:False :return: public_key, private_key ''' f = RSA.generate(2048) private_key = f.exportKey("PEM") # 生成私钥 public_key = f.publickey().exportKey() # 生成公钥 if is_save: with open("crypto_private_key.pem", "wb") as f: f.write(private_key) with open("crypto_public_key.pem", "wb") as f: f.write(public_key) return public_key, private_keydef read_public_key(file_path="crypto_public_key.pem") -> bytes: with open(file_path, "rb") as x: b = x.read() return bdef read_private_key(file_path="crypto_private_key.pem") -> bytes: with open(file_path, "rb") as x: b = x.read() return b三、加密
流程：输入文本（str）→字符串编码（默认utf-8）（bytes）→rsa加密（bytes）→base64编码（bytes）→解码为字符串（str）
代码：
import base64from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5from Crypto.PublicKey import RSAdef encryption(text: str, public_key: bytes):# 字符串指定编码（转为bytes）text = text.encode('utf-8')# 构建公钥对象cipher_public = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(public_key))# 加密（bytes）text_encrypted = cipher_public.encrypt(text) # base64编码，并转为字符串text_encrypted_base64 = base64.b64encode(text_encrypted ).decode()return text_encrypted_base64 if __name__ == '__main__':public_key = read_public_key()text = '123456'text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)print('密文：',text_encrypted_base64)四、解密
说明：解密流程与加密流程相反（按照加密流程逆序解密）
流程：输入文本（str）→字符串编码（默认utf-8）（bytes）→base64解码（bytes）→rsa解密（bytes）→解码为字符串（str）
代码：
import base64from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5from Crypto import Randomfrom Crypto.PublicKey import RSAdef decryption(text_encrypted_base64: str, private_key: bytes):# 字符串指定编码（转为bytes）text_encrypted_base64 = text_encrypted_base64.encode('utf-8')# base64解码text_encrypted = base64.b64decode(text_encrypted_base64 )# 构建私钥对象cipher_private = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(private_key))# 解密（bytes）text_decrypted = cipher_private.decrypt(text_encrypted , Random.new().read)# 解码为字符串text_decrypted = text_decrypted.decode()return text_decrypted if __name__ == '__main__':# 生成密文public_key = read_public_key()text = '123456'text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)print('密文：',text_encrypted_base64)# 解密private_key = read_private_key()text_decrypted = decryption(text_encrypted_base64, private_key)print('明文：',text_decrypted)五、完整代码
import base64from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5from Crypto import Randomfrom Crypto.PublicKey import RSA# ------------------------生成密钥对------------------------def create_rsa_pair(is_save=False): ''' 创建rsa公钥私钥对 :param is_save: default:False :return: public_key, private_key ''' f = RSA.generate(2048) private_key = f.exportKey("PEM") # 生成私钥 public_key = f.publickey().exportKey() # 生成公钥 if is_save: with open("crypto_private_key.pem", "wb") as f: f.write(private_key) with open("crypto_public_key.pem", "wb") as f: f.write(public_key) return public_key, private_keydef read_public_key(file_path="crypto_public_key.pem") -> bytes: with open(file_path, "rb") as x: b = x.read() return bdef read_private_key(file_path="crypto_private_key.pem") -> bytes: with open(file_path, "rb") as x: b = x.read() return b# ------------------------加密------------------------def encryption(text: str, public_key: bytes): # 字符串指定编码（转为bytes） text = text.encode('utf-8') # 构建公钥对象 cipher_public = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(public_key)) # 加密（bytes） text_encrypted = cipher_public.encrypt(text) # base64编码，并转为字符串 text_encrypted_base64 = base64.b64encode(text_encrypted).decode() return text_encrypted_base64# ------------------------解密------------------------def decryption(text_encrypted_base64: str, private_key: bytes): # 字符串指定编码（转为bytes） text_encrypted_base64 = text_encrypted_base64.encode('utf-8') # base64解码 text_encrypted = base64.b64decode(text_encrypted_base64) # 构建私钥对象 cipher_private = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(private_key)) # 解密（bytes） text_decrypted = cipher_private.decrypt(text_encrypted, Random.new().read) # 解码为字符串 text_decrypted = text_decrypted.decode() return text_decryptedif __name__ == '__main__': # 生成密钥对 # create_rsa_pair(is_save=True) # public_key = read_public_key() # private_key = read_private_key() public_key, private_key = create_rsa_pair(is_save=False) # 加密 text = '123456' text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key) print('密文：', text_encrypted_base64) # 解密 text_decrypted = decryption(text_encrypted_base64, private_key) print('明文：', text_decrypted)运行：
关于“Python怎么实现RSA加密解密”这篇文章的内容就介绍到这里，感谢各位的阅读！相信大家对“Python怎么实现RSA加密解密”知识都有一定的了解，大家如果还想学习更多知识，欢迎关注编程网行业资讯频道。
