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基于docker安装zabbix
1、zabbix配置
用途 | ip | 账户 |
---|---|---|
zabbix服务端 | 192.168.1.1 | 账户:Admin 密码:zabbix |
zabbix-mysql数据库 | 192.168.1.2 | 数据库:zabbix,用户:zabbix 密码:123456 |
2、存储配置
存储规划
docker镜像文件默认存储路径:/var/lib/docker
为避免系统磁盘空间不足影响docker服务正常运行,需要调整docker默认存储路径。
通用存储建议:
1、目录/data
:用于存储数据文件;
2、目录/app
:用于存储应用文件;
3、数据盘建议使用卷管理模式,便于后期扩容
综上,对应zabbix服务安装,建议:
1、目录/data/docker
用于存储docker文件;
1、目录/data/zabbix
用于存储zabbix相关配置文件;
格式化磁盘
[root@s01 ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/vda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk label type: dosDisk identifier: 0x0001598a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/vda1 2048 8390655 4194304 82 Linux swap / Solaris/dev/vda2 * 8390656 125829086 58719215+ 83 LinuxDisk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes[root@s01 ~]# lsblkNAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTvda 253:0 0 60G 0 disk├─vda1 253:1 0 4G 0 part [SWAP]└─vda2 253:2 0 56G 0 part /vdb 253:16 0 100G 0 disk[root@s01 ~]# fdisk /dev/vdbWelcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.Be careful before using the write command.Device does not contain a recognized partition tableBuilding a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x4dee972c.Command (m for help): nPartition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extendedSelect (default p):Using default response pPartition number (1-4, default 1):First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048):Using default value 2048Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-209715199, default 209715199):Using default value 209715199Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 100 GiB is setCommand (m for help): pDisk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk label type: dosDisk identifier: 0x4dee972c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/vdb1 2048 209715199 104856576 83 LinuxCommand (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.[root@s01 ~]# lsblkNAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTvda 253:0 0 60G 0 disk├─vda1 253:1 0 4G 0 part [SWAP]└─vda2 253:2 0 56G 0 part /vdb 253:16 0 100G 0 disk└─vdb1 253:17 0 100G 0 part
创建pv
[root@s01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb1 Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created.[root@s01 ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/vdb1 lvm2 --- <100.00g <100.00g
创建vg
[root@s01 ~]# vgcreate vg0 /dev/vdb1 Volume group "vg0" successfully created[root@s01 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree vg0 1 0 0 wz--n- <100.00g <100.00g
创建lv
[root@s01 ~]# lvcreate -l 100%VG -n lv_1 vg0 Logical volume "lv_1" created.[root@s01 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert lv_1 vg0 -wi-a----- <100.00g
创建文件系统
[root@s01 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg0/lv_1meta-data=/dev/vg0/lv_1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=6553344 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0data = bsize=4096 blocks=26213376, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blksnaming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=12799, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
创建挂载目录
[root@s01 ~]# mkdir /data
挂载分区
[root@s01 ~]# mount /dev/vg0/lv_1 /data[root@s01 ~]# df -ThFilesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted ondevtmpfs devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /devtmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shmtmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 8.7M 7.8G 1% /runtmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/vda2 ext3 55G 2.7G 50G 6% //dev/mapper/vg0-lv_1 xfs 100G 33M 100G 1% /datatmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0
写入启动项
# vi /etc/fstab# 新增内容:/dev/vg0/lv_1 /data xfs defaults 1 2
3、安装docker
# 查看操作系统版本$ cat /etc/redhat-releaseCentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)# 安装docker$ yum install -y docker# 查看docker版本$ docker -vDocker version 1.13.1, build 7d71120/1.13.1
4、修改docker存储路径
docker默认存储路径:/var/lib/docker
新存储路径:/data/docker
$ docker -vDocker version 1.13.1, build 7d71120/1.13.1# 停止docker$ systemctl stop docker# 设置docker新存储路径$ mv /var/lib/docker /data/docker# 修改docker路径$ vim /etc/docker/daemon.json{ "registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"], "graph": "/data/docker"}# 启动docker$ systemctl start docker# 查看docker进程信息$ docker info
5、创建专用于 Zabbix 组件容器的网络:
# 1.bridge模式docker默认网络模式。此模式将容器连接到一个docker0虚拟网桥,通过docker0网桥以及Iptables nat表配置与宿主机通信。开启的容器会自动分配和IP在一个网段的ip地址,并且开启的容器的ip以IP为基础递增关闭容器之后,ip会自动释放。bridge模式只有宿主机才能与运行在其上面的容器进行通信。# 2.host模式容器将不会虚拟出自己的网卡,配置自己的IP等,而是直接与宿主机的共享P和端口。如果启动容器的时候使用host模式,那么这个容器将不会获得一个独立的Network Namespace,而是和宿主机共用一个Network Namespace。容器将不会虚拟出自己的网卡,配置自己的IP等,而是使用宿主机的IP和端口。但是,容器的其他方面,如文件系统、进程列表等还是和宿主机隔离的。使用host模式的容器可以直接使用宿主机的IP地址与外界通信,容器内部的服务端口也可以使用宿主机的端口,不需要进行NAT,host最大的优势就是网络性能比较好,但是docker host上已经使用的端口就不能再用了,网络的隔离性不好,网络的安全性变差。# 3.none模式该模式关闭了容器的网络功能。使用none模式,Docker容器拥有自己的Network Namespace,但是,并不为Docker容器进行任何网络配置。也就是说,这个Docker容器没有网卡、IP、路由等信息。需要我们自己为Docker容器添加网卡、配置IP等。这种网络模式下容器只有lo回环网络,没有其他网卡。none模式可以在容器创建时通过–network=none来指定。这种类型的网络没有办法联网,封闭的网络能很好的保证容器的安全性。# 创建专用于 Zabbix 组件容器的网络$ docker network create --subnet 172.20.0.0/16 --ip-range 172.20.240.0/20 zabbix-net# 查看的docker network$ docker network lsNETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE14c25119dd06 bridge bridge local4e2782140647 host host localb25888b8c26a none null localcfc3bf2124af zabbix-net bridge local# 查看新增的网络$ ip a5: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default link/ether 02:42:31:ce:6a:ce brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.17.0.1/16 scope global docker0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever6: br-cfc3bf2124af: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default link/ether 02:42:cd:35:b7:4c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.20.240.0/16 scope global br-cfc3bf2124af valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
6、创建mysql库
如果生产环境已有mysql实例,仅需创建数据库。
$ mysql -uroot -p -h 192.168.1.2password root_pwdmysql> create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;mysql> create user zabbix@192.168.1.1 identified by '123456';mysql> grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@192.168.1.1;mysql> quit;
[废弃]6、docker安装mysql
建议使用平台提供mysql实例。
拉取mysql镜像
$ docker pull mysql
创建mysql容器
# -----------------------------------------------# 创建mysql服务器实例# 注意:此命令用于创建mysql容器实例后提取配置文件,如果已有配置文件,可直接进入下一步:$ docker run --name mysql-server -t \-e MYSQL_DATABASE="zabbix" \-e MYSQL_USER="zabbix" \-e MYSQL_PASSWORD="123456" \-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="root_pwd" \-e TZ=Asia/Shanghai \--network=zabbix-net \--ip=172.20.240.1 \-p 3306:3306 \-d mysql:latest \--character-set-server=utf8 --collation-server=utf8_bin \--default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password# -----------------------------------------------# 创建mysql配置与数据存储路径$ mkdir -p /app/mysql/conf$ mkdir -p /app/mysql/data# 拷贝已有mysql配置文件到宿主机目录$ docker cp mysql-server:/etc/mysql/ /app/mysql/conf/# 使用新路径创建mysql-server$ docker run --name mysql-server -t \-e MYSQL_DATABASE="zabbix" \-e MYSQL_USER="zabbix" \-e MYSQL_PASSWORD="123456" \-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="root_pwd" \-e TZ=Asia/Shanghai \-v /app/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql \-v /app/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \--network=zabbix-net \--ip=172.20.240.1 \-p 3306:3306 \-d mysql:latest \--character-set-server=utf8 --collation-server=utf8_bin \--default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password# 关于mysql容器重启策略问题描述:如果创建mysql容器时指定--restart参数,则无法启动容器--restart unless-stopped \解决办法:需要创建后,手工更新容器重启策略:$ docker update --restart=unless-stopped mysql-server# 查看启动日志$ docker logs mysql-server2022-04-15 05:43:59+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.28-1debian10 started.2022-04-15 05:43:59+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Switching to dedicated user 'mysql'2022-04-15 05:43:59+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.28-1debian10 started.2022-04-15T05:44:00.942337Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.28) starting as process 1# 查看进程$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES28c91f44958a mysql:latest "docker-entrypoint..." 22 hours ago Up 5 minutes 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql-server# 连接mysql$ docker exec -it mysql-server /bin/bashroot@28c91f44958a:/# whereis mysqlmysql: /usr/bin/mysql /usr/lib/mysql /etc/mysqlroot@28c91f44958a:/# mysql -u root -pEnter password:Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 8Server version: 8.0.28 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || sys |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
添加防火墙端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanentfirewall-cmd --reloadfirewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
7、安装zabbix-java-gateway
Zabbix Java gateway 的守护进程是用 Java 编写。为了在特定主机上找到 JMX 计数器的值,Zabbix server 向 Zabbix Java gateway 发送请求,后者使用 JMX 管理 API 来远程查询相关的应用。该应用不需要安装额外的软件。只需要在启动时,命令行添加-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote
选项即可。
# 运行zabbix-java-gateway$ docker run --name zabbix-java-gateway -t \-e TZ=Asia/Shanghai \--network=zabbix-net \--ip=172.20.240.2 \--restart unless-stopped \-d zabbix/zabbix-java-gateway:latest# 查看进程$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES85a594ad32d9 zabbix/zabbix-java-gateway:latest "docker-entrypoint..." 9 seconds ago Up 9 seconds 10052/tcp zabbix-java-gateway# 查看日志$ docker logs zabbix-java-gateway** Preparing Zabbix Java Gateway** Preparing Zabbix Java Gateway log configuration fileUpdating /etc/zabbix/zabbix_java_gateway_logback.xml 'DebugLevel' parameter: 'info'... updated2022-04-15 06:43:36.232 [main] INFO com.zabbix.gateway.JavaGateway - Zabbix Java Gateway 6.0.3 (revision 506e2b5) has started2022-04-15 06:43:36.247 [main] INFO com.zabbix.gateway.JavaGateway - listening on 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10052
8、安装zabbix-server
安装zabbix-server(基于Alphine)
# ------------------------------------------------# 安装zabbix-server(latest版本基于Alphine Linux)$ docker run --name zabbix-server-mysql -t \-e DB_SERVER_HOST="192.168.1.2" \-e MYSQL_DATABASE="zabbix" \-e MYSQL_USER="zabbix" \-e MYSQL_PASSWORD="123456" \-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="root_pwd" \-e ZBX_JAVAGATEWAY="zabbix-java-gateway" \-e TZ=Asia/Shanghai \--network=zabbix-net \--ip=172.20.240.3 \-p 10051:10051 \--restart unless-stopped \-d zabbix/zabbix-server-mysql:latest# 不需要的参数# --link mysql-server:mysql \# --link zabbix-java-gateway \# ------------------------------------------------# 使用外部存储目录# 创建zabbix-server配置目录$ mkdir -p /data/zabbix/conf$ mkdir -p /data/zabbix/alertscripts# 拷贝zabbix配置文件$ docker cp zabbix-server-mysql:/etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf /data/zabbix/conf$ ll /data/zabbix/conftotal 28-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 24804 May 30 15:14 zabbix_server.conf# 移除容器$ docker stop zabbix-server-mysql$ docker rm zabbix-server-mysql# 重新创建容器$ docker run --name zabbix-server-mysql -t \-e DB_SERVER_HOST="192.168.1.2" \-e MYSQL_DATABASE="zabbix" \-e MYSQL_USER="zabbix" \-e MYSQL_PASSWORD="123456" \-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="root_pwd" \-e ZBX_JAVAGATEWAY="zabbix-java-gateway" \-e TZ=Asia/Shanghai \-v /data/zabbix/conf/zabbix_server.conf:/etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf \-v /data/zabbix/alertscripts:/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts \--network=zabbix-net \--ip=172.20.240.3 \-p 10051:10051 \--restart unless-stopped \-d zabbix/zabbix-server-mysql:latest# 查看日志,此版本是:5.4.9$ docker logs zabbix-server-mysqlStarting Zabbix Server. Zabbix 5.4.9 (revision d81e506).
配置企业微信脚本
# 将企业微信发送脚本:pyweixin.py,存储到目录:alertscripts$ cd /data/zabbix/alertscripts$ vim pyweixin.py$ chmod +x pyweixin.py# 修改python3地址# 微信脚本默认的python3地址为与实际不符:#!/usr/local/python3/bin/python3.5# 需要修改为以下地址:#!/usr/bin/python3
安装python环境
发送企业微信需要python环境支持。
# 使用root用户进入容器安装python$ docker exec --privileged -u root -it zabbix-server-mysql /bin/bash$ cat /etc/issueWelcome to Alpine Linux 3.14Kernel \r on an \m (\l)# 修改Alpine镜像源$ sed -i s/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.aliyun.com/g /etc/apk/repositories# 安装python$ apk add --update --no-cache curl jq py3-configobj py3-pip py3-setuptools python3 python3-dev# 验证python3版本$ python3 -VPython 3.9.5
添加防火墙端口
# 开启防火墙$ systemctl enable firewalld$ systemctl start firewalld# 添加防火墙端口firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=10051/tcp --permanentfirewall-cmd --reloadfirewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
9、安装zabbix-web-nginx-mysql 创建容器
# 创建容器$ docker run --name zabbix-web-nginx-mysql -t \-e ZBX_SERVER_HOST="zabbix-server-mysql" \-e DB_SERVER_HOST="192.168.1.2" \-e MYSQL_DATABASE="zabbix" \-e MYSQL_USER="zabbix" \-e MYSQL_PASSWORD="123456" \-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="root_pwd" \-e PHP_TZ=Asia/Shanghai \-e TZ=Asia/Shanghai \--network=zabbix-net \--ip=172.20.240.4 \-p 80:8080 \--restart unless-stopped \-d zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-mysql:latest# 取消以下参数# --link mysql-server:mysql \# --link zabbix-server-mysql:zabbix-server \# 查看日志$ docker logs zabbix-web-nginx-mysql** Deploying Zabbix web-interface (Nginx) with MySQL database** Using MYSQL_USER variable from ENV** Using MYSQL_PASSWORD variable from ENV********************* DB_SERVER_HOST: mysql-server* DB_SERVER_PORT: 3306* DB_SERVER_DBNAME: zabbix********************** Adding Zabbix virtual host (HTTP)**** Impossible to enable SSL support for Nginx. Certificates are missed.** Preparing Zabbix frontend configuration file# 进程列表$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESa707c1ff30c9 zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-mysql:latest "docker-entrypoint.sh" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 8443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp zabbix-web-nginx-mysql27f3c4948691 zabbix/zabbix-server-mysql:latest "/sbin/tini -- /us..." 24 hours ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:10051->10051/tcp zabbix-server-mysqlfa0a386f2459 zabbix/zabbix-java-gateway:latest "docker-entrypoint..." 25 hours ago Up About an hour 10052/tcp zabbix-java-gateway
添加防火墙端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanentfirewall-cmd --reloadfirewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
访问zabbix服务
# 经过上述配置后,Zabbix 前端已准备就绪! 默认用户名是Admin,密码zabbix。http://192.168.1.1# 访问zabbix-web服务时,发现监控首页提示错误:Zabbix agent is not available (for 3m)需要安装zabbix-agent,并配置zabbix-agent的ip,详见下面小结:
10、安装zabbix-agent(yum安装)
由于zabbix-agent用于监控服务器状态,建议直接安装在服务器上,不要使用docker安装。
a. 安装Zabbix资源库
产品手册
$ rpm -Uvh https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/5.4/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-5.4-1.el7.noarch.rpm$ yum clean all
b. 安装 Zabbix agent
$ yum install -y zabbix-agent# 配置agent,设置服务端地址$ vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf# 如果在zabbix-server上安装agent,需要配置zabbix-server的docker地址:Server=172.20.240.3ServerActive=172.20.240.3# 如果在被监控服务器上安装agent,需要配置zabbix-server的宿主机地址:Server=192.168.1.1ServerActive=192.168.1.1# 注释掉Hostname配置,让agent自动解析# Hostname=****# 如果操作系统不允许创建zabbix用户,需要使用root运行agent,修改配置:AllowRoot=1
c. 启动 Zabbix agent
设置开机zabbix-agent开机启动
$ systemctl enable zabbix-agent$ systemctl restart zabbix-agent$ systemctl status zabbix-agent
d.root用户启动
启动agent服务时,提示以下错误:
# 问题描述:
Failed at step USER spawning /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd: No such process
zabbix-agent.service: control process exited, code=exited status=217
Failed to start Zabbix Agent.
Unit zabbix-agent.service entered failed state.# 问题分析
此问题主要是因为操作系统限制不允许创建用户导致的,需要使用root账户启动服务。# 解决办法
修改启动用户:
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/zabbix-agent.service
修改默认用户zabbix为root,
修改前:
User=zabbix
Group=zabbix
修改后:
User=root
Group=root# 然后重载服务配置,并启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start zabbix-agent.service
e.配置防火墙
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=10050/tcp --permanentfirewall-cmd --reloadfirewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
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