这篇文章主要介绍“Springboot使用redis实现接口Api限流的方法”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在Springboot使用redis实现接口Api限流的方法问题上存在疑惑,小编查阅了各式资料,整理出简单好用的操作方法,希望对大家解答”Springboot使用redis实现接口Api限流的方法”的疑惑有所帮助!接下来,请跟着小编一起来学习吧!
前言
该篇介绍的内容如题,就是利用redis实现接口的限流( 某时间范围内 最大的访问次数 ) 。
正文
惯例,先看下我们的实战目录结构:
首先是pom.xml 核心依赖:
<!--用于redis数据库连接--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId> </dependency> <!--用于redis lettuce 连接池pool使用--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency>
然后是application.yml里面的redis接入配置:
spring: redis: lettuce: pool: #连接池最大连接数 使用负值代表无限制 默认为8 max-active: 10 #最大空闲连接 默认8 max-idle: 10 #最小空闲连接 默认0 min-idle: 1 host: 127.0.0.1 password: 123456 port: 6379 database: 0 timeout: 2000msserver: port: 8710
redis的配置类, RedisConfig.java:
ps:可以看到日期是18年的,因为这些redis的整合教程,在这个系列里面一共有快10篇,不了解的看客如果感兴趣可以去看一看。
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.PropertyAccessor;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager;import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration;import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager;import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializationContext;import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer; import static org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig; @Configuration@EnableCachingpublic class RedisConfig { @Bean public CacheManager cacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory) { RedisCacheConfiguration cacheConfiguration = defaultCacheConfig() .disableCachingNullValues() .serializeValuesWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class))); return RedisCacheManager.builder(connectionFactory).cacheDefaults(cacheConfiguration).build(); } @Bean public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) { RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate<>(); redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(factory); Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class); ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper(); om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY); om.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL); jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om); //序列化设置 ,这样为了存储操作对象时正常显示的数据,也能正常存储和获取 redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer()); redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer); redisTemplate.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer()); redisTemplate.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer); return redisTemplate; } @Bean public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) { StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate = new StringRedisTemplate(); stringRedisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(factory); return stringRedisTemplate; }}
自定义注解:
import java.lang.annotation.*; @Inherited@Documented@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)public @interface RequestLimit { int second() default 10; int maxCount() default 5; //默认效果 : 10秒内 对于使用该注解的接口,只能总请求访问数 不能大于 5次 }
接下来是拦截器 RequestLimitInterceptor.java:
拦截接口的方式 是通过 ip地址+接口url ,做时间内的访问计数
import com.elegant.testdemo.annotation.RequestLimit;import com.elegant.testdemo.utils.IpUtil;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; @Componentpublic class RequestLimitInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); @Autowired private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate; @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { try { if (handler instanceof HandlerMethod) { HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) handler; // 获取RequestLimit注解 RequestLimit requestLimit = handlerMethod.getMethodAnnotation(RequestLimit.class); if (null==requestLimit) { return true; } //限制的时间范围 int seconds = requestLimit.second(); //时间内的 最大次数 int maxCount = requestLimit.maxCount(); String ipAddr = IpUtil.getIpAddr(request); // 存储key String key = ipAddr+":"+request.getContextPath() + ":" + request.getServletPath(); // 已经访问的次数 Integer count = (Integer) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key); log.info("检测到目前ip对接口={}已经访问的次数", request.getServletPath() , count); if (null == count || -1 == count) { redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, 1, seconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS); return true; } if (count < maxCount) { redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment(key); return true; } log.warn("请求过于频繁请稍后再试"); returnData(response); return false; } return true; } catch (Exception e) { log.warn("请求过于频繁请稍后再试"); e.printStackTrace(); } return true; } public void returnData(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); response.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8"); ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); //这里传提示语可以改成自己项目的返回数据封装的类 response.getWriter().println(objectMapper.writeValueAsString("请求过于频繁请稍后再试")); return; } }
接下来是 拦截器的配置 WebConfig.java:
import com.elegant.testdemo.interceptor.RequestLimitInterceptor;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer; @Configurationpublic class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { @Autowired private RequestLimitInterceptor requestLimitInterceptor; @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { registry.addInterceptor(requestLimitInterceptor) //拦截所有请求路径 .addPathPatterns("@RestControllerpublic class TestController { @GetMapping("/test") @RequestLimit(maxCount = 3,second = 60) public String test() { return "你好,如果对你有帮助,请点赞加关注。"; } }
这个/test接口的注解,我们设置的是 60秒内 最大访问次数为 3次 (实际应用应该是根据具体接口做相关的次数限制。)
然后使用postman测试一下接口:
前面三次都是请求通过的:
第四次:
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