15个有趣的Python脚本，让你从入门到精通

1. Hello, World!

所有程序员的经典起点，这个脚本介绍了Python语法的基础。

print("Hello, World!")

2. 简易计算器

创建一个基本的计算器，执行加法、减法、乘法和除法。

def calculator():
    operation = input("选择操作（+，-，*，/）：")
    num1 = float(input("输入第一个数字："))
    num2 = float(input("输入第二个数字："))

    if operation == '+':
        print(f"{num1} + {num2} = {num1 + num2}")
    elif operation == '-':
        print(f"{num1} - {num2} = {num1 - num2}")
    elif operation == '*':
        print(f"{num1} * {num2} = {num1 * num2}")
    elif operation == '/':
        print(f"{num1} / {num2} = {num1 / num2}")
    else:
        print("无效操作")

calculator()

3. 猜数字

这个游戏随机选择一个1到100之间的数字，玩家必须猜出它。

from PIL import Image
import os

def batch_resiimport random
def guess_the_number():
    number_to_guess = random.randint(1, 100)
    guess = None

    while guess != number_to_guess:
        guess = int(input("猜一个1到100之间的数字："))
        if guess < number_to_guess:
            print("太低了！")
        elif guess > number_to_guess:
            print("太高了！")
        else:
            print("恭喜你！你猜对了。")

guess_the_number()import random
def guess_the_number():
    number_to_guess = random.randint(1, 100)
    guess = None

    while guess != number_to_guess:
        guess = int(input("猜一个1到100之间的数字："))
        if guess < number_to_guess:
            print("太低了！")
        elif guess > number_to_guess:
            print("太高了！")
        else:
            print("恭喜你！你猜对了。")

guess_the_number()ze(folder, width, height):
    for filename in os.listdir(folder):
        if filename.endswith(('.jpeg', '.jpg', '.png')):
            img = Image.open(os.path.join(folder, filename))
            img = img.resize((width, height))
            img.save(os.path.join(folder, f"resized_{filename}"))
            print(f'调整了 {filename} 的大小')

batch_resize('/path/to/images', 800, 600)

4. 石头剪刀布

实现经典的石头、剪刀、布游戏。

import random
def rock_paper_scissors():
    choices = ['rock', 'paper', 'scissors']
    computer_choice = random.choice(choices)
    user_choice = input("选择石头、剪刀或布：").lower()

    if user_choice not in choices:
        print("无效选择")
        return

    print(f"计算机选择了：{computer_choice}")
    if user_choice == computer_choice:
        print("平局！")
    elif (user_choice == 'rock' and computer_choice == 'scissors') or \
         (user_choice == 'scissors' and computer_choice == 'paper') or \
         (user_choice == 'paper' and computer_choice == 'rock'):
        print("你赢了！")
    else:
        print("你输了！")

rock_paper_scissors()

5. 待办事项列表

创建一个简单的待办事项列表应用程序。

def to_do_list():
    tasks = []

    while True:
        action = input("输入 'add' 添加任务，'remove' 删除任务，'view' 查看所有任务，或 'quit' 退出：").lower()
        if action == 'add':
            task = input("输入一个任务：")
            tasks.append(task)
        elif action == 'remove':
            task = input("输入要删除的任务：")
            if task in tasks:
                tasks.remove(task)
            else:
                print("任务未找到")
        elif action == 'view':
            print("任务：", tasks)
        elif action == 'quit':
            break
        else:
            print("无效操作")

to_do_list()

6.  基础网页抓取器

学习使用BeautifulSoup进行基础的网页抓取。

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

def web_scraper():
    url = 'http://example.com'
    response = requests.get(url)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')
    print(soup.prettify())
web_scraper()

7. 天气应用

使用API获取指定城市的天气数据。

import requests
def weather_app():
    api_key = 'your_api_key'
    city = input("输入城市名称：")
    url = f'http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q={city}&appid={api_key}'

    response = requests.get(url)
    data = response.json()

    if data['cod'] == 200:
        main = data['main']
        temperature = main['temp']
        weather = data['weather'][0]['description']
        print(f"温度：{temperature}")
        print(f"天气：{weather}")
    else:
        print("城市未找到")

weather_app()

8. 填词游戏生成器

创建一个有趣的填词游戏，用户通过输入完成一个故事。

def mad_libs():
    noun = input("输入一个名词：")
    adjective = input("输入一个形容词：")
    verb = input("输入一个动词：")
    place = input("输入一个地点：")

    story = f"从前，有一个喜欢在{place}做{verb}的{adjective} {noun}。"
    print(story)

mad_libs()

9. 斐波那契数列

生成到指定数字的斐波那契数列。

def fibonacci_sequence(n):
    sequence = [0, 1]
    while len(sequence) < n:
        sequence.append(sequence[-1] + sequence[-2])
    print(sequence)
fibonacci_sequence(10)

10. 密码生成器

创建一个脚本，生成一个随机的安全密码。

import random
import string

def password_generator(length=12):
    characters = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + string.punctuation
    password = ''.join(random.choice(characters) for i in range(length))
    print(password)

password_generator()

11. 吊死鬼游戏

创建一个经典的吊死鬼游戏，玩家猜测字母以揭示隐藏的单词。

import random
def hangman():
    words = ['python', 'java', 'swift', 'javascript']
    word = random.choice(words)
    guessed_letters = set()
    attempts = 6

    while attempts > 0:
        display_word = ''.join([letter if letter in guessed_letters else '_' for letter in word])
        print(display_word)
        
        if '_' not in display_word:
            print("恭喜你！你猜对了单词。")
            break

        guess = input("猜一个字母：").lower()
        if guess in guessed_letters:
            print("你已经猜过那个字母了。")
        elif guess in word:
            guessed_letters.add(guess)
        else:
            attempts -= 1
            print(f"猜错了。你还有{attempts}次机会。")
    
    if attempts == 0:
        print(f"游戏结束！单词是'{word}'。")

hangman()

12. 质数检查器

编写一个脚本，检查给定的数字是否为质数。

def is_prime(n):
    if n <= 1:
        return False
    for i in range(2, int(n**0.5) + 1):
        if n % i == 0:
            return False
    return True

number = int(input("输入一个数字："))
if is_prime(number):
    print(f"{number} 是一个质数。")
else:
    print(f"{number} 不是一个质数。")

13. 货币转换器

创建一个简单的货币转换器，使用 API 获取最新的汇率。

import requests
def currency_converter():
    api_key = 'your_api_key'
    base_currency = input("输入基准货币（例如，USD）：").upper()
    target_currency = input("输入目标货币（例如，EUR）：").upper()
    amount = float(input("输入金额："))

    url = f'https://api.exchangerate-api.com/v4/latest/{base_currency}'
    response = requests.get(url)
    data = response.json()
    
    if target_currency in data['rates']:
        exchange_rate = data['rates'][target_currency]
        converted_amount = amount * exchange_rate
        print(f"{amount} {base_currency} 等于 {converted_amount:.2f} {target_currency}")
    else:
        print("货币不支持。")

currency_converter()

14. BMI计算器

创建一个脚本，根据用户输入计算身体质量指数（BMI）。

def bmi_calculator():
    height = float(input("输入身高（米）："))
    weight = float(input("输入体重（千克）："))
    bmi = weight / (height ** 2)
    print(f"你的BMI是：{bmi:.2f}")
    
    if bmi < 18.5:
        print("你体重过轻。")
    elif 18.5 <= bmi < 24.9:
        print("你体重正常。")
    elif 25 <= bmi < 29.9:
        print("

15. 井字棋游戏

创建一个可供两人游玩的井字棋游戏。

def print_board(board):
    for row in board:
        print(" | ".join(row))
        print("-" * 5)
def check_winner(board, player):
    for row in board:
        if all([cell == player for cell in row]):
            return True
    for col in range(3):
        if all([board[row][col] == player for row in range(3)]):
            return True
    if all([board[i][i] == player for i in range(3)]) or all([board[i][2-i] == player for i in range(3)]):
        return True
    return False
def tic_tac_toe():
    board = [[' ' for _ in range(3)] for _ in range(3)]
    players = ['X', 'O']
    turn = 0

    for _ in range(9):
        print_board(board)
        player = players[turn % 2]
        print(f"Player {player}'s turn")
        row = int(input("Enter row (0, 1, 2): "))
        col = int(input("Enter column (0, 1, 2): "))

        if board[row][col] == ' ':
            board[row][col] = player
            if check_winner(board, player):
                print_board(board)
                print(f"Player {player} wins!")
                return
            turn += 1
        else:
            print("Cell already taken. Try again.")

    print_board(board)
    print("It's a tie!")

tic_tac_toe()

总结

这十五个脚本涵盖了一系列基础的Python概念，并为初学者提供了坚实的基础。通过这些项目的实践，新程序员可以建立起信心，并逐渐解决Python中更复杂的问题。