前言
今天主要讲的是如何把通过接口获取到的Xml数据转换成（反序列化）我们想要的实体对象，当然Xml反序列化和Json反序列化的方式基本上都是大同小异。都是我们事先定义好对应的对应的Xml实体模型，不过Xml是通过XmlSerializer类的相关特性来对实体对象和 XML文档之间进行序列化和反序列化操作的。序列化和反序列化其实都还好，我们可以调用封装好的XmlHelper帮助类即可实现，最关键的是我们该如何去定义这些实体模型（Model）。当你遇到对方接口一下子返回一大串的Xml数据并且里面存在很多不同的Xml节点，你该怎么办一个一个去解析这些节点到模型上去吗？本文我主要讲两种方式，第一种方法是通过手写的方式去定义Xml的实体对象模型类，第二种方法是通过Visual Studio自带的生成Xml实体对象模型类。
需要操作的Xml数据
注意：以下是我稍微简化的Xml数据，实际数据可能比这里要复杂个大几倍。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<envelope>
<header>
<version port="1111" host="www.baidu.com">successfuly</version>
<timestamp>20211216081218</timestamp>
</header>
<response type="cities" product="hotel">
<cities>
<city>
<code value="zg" />
<city_tax value="true" />
<names>
<name language="fr" value="ABANO TERME - PADOUE" />
<name language="en" value="ABANO TERME - PADUE" />
<name language="nl" value="ABANO TERME - PADUE" />
</names>
</city>
<city>
<code value="hk" />
<city_tax value="false" />
<names>
<name language="fr" value="ABBADIA SAN SALVATORE - SIENNE" />
<name language="en" value="ABBADIA SAN SALVATORE - SIENA" />
<name language="nl" value="ABBADIA SAN SALVATORE - SIENA" />
</names>
</city>
</cities>
</response>
</envelope>一、通过是手写的方式去定义Xml的实体对象模型类
当然假如你有耐心、时间充足并且眼睛好的话可以使用这种手写的方式去定义，很多情况写到最好都会把自己给写糊涂了（可能是我年纪大了的原因）。
namespace Practices.Models
{
/// <summary>
/// Envelope
/// </summary>
[XmlType(TypeName = "envelope")]
public class CityDataModel
{
/// <summary>
/// header
/// </summary>
[XmlElement("header")]
public Header header { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// response
/// </summary>
[XmlElement("response")]
public Response response { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Header
/// </summary>
[XmlType(TypeName = "header")]
public class Header
{
/// <summary>
/// version
/// </summary>
[XmlElement("version")]
public Version version { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// timestamp
/// </summary>
[XmlElement("timestamp")]
public string timestamp { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Version
/// </summary>
public class Version
{
/// <summary>
/// port
/// </summary>
[XmlAttribute("port")]
public string port { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// host
/// </summary>
[XmlAttribute("host")]
public string host { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// value：XmlTextAttribute指示该属性作为XML文本处理
/// </summary>
[XmlTextAttribute()]
public string value { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Response
/// </summary>
[XmlType(TypeName = "response")]
public class Response
{
/// <summary>
/// type
/// </summary>
[XmlAttribute]
public string type { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// product
/// </summary>
[XmlAttribute]
public string product { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// cities
/// </summary>
[XmlArray("cities")]
public List<City> cities { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// class: City
/// </summary>
[XmlType(TypeName = "city")]
public class City
{
/// <summary>
/// code
/// </summary>
[XmlElement("code")]
public Code code { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// city_tax
/// </summary>
[XmlElement("city_tax")]
public City_tax city_tax { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// names
/// </summary>
[XmlArray("names")]
public List<Name> names { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// class: Code
/// </summary>
[XmlType(TypeName = "code")]
public class Code
{
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
[XmlAttribute("value")]
public string value { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// class: City_tax
/// </summary>
[XmlType(TypeName = "city_tax")]
public class City_tax
{
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
[XmlAttribute("value")]
public string value { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// class: Name
/// </summary>
[XmlType(TypeName = "name")]
public class Name
{
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
[XmlAttribute("language")]
public string language { get; set; }
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
[XmlAttribute("value")]
public string value { get; set; }
}
}二、通过Visual Studio自带的生成Xml实体对象模型类
Vs被称为宇宙最强IDE也不是没有理由的，它集成了很多自动创建功能，如自动生成Json类、Xml类等，虽然说使用Vs自动生成的Xml模型可读性有点差并且有些冗余，但是快捷省事，只需要略微改动一下即可使用。
1、首先Ctrl+C复制你需要生成的Xml文档内容
2、找到编辑=》选择性粘贴=》将Xml粘贴为类
3、以下是使用VS自动生成的Xml类
namespace Practices.Models
{
// 注意: 生成的代码可能至少需要 .NET Framework 4.5 或 .NET Core/Standard 2.0。
/// <remarks/>
[System.SerializableAttribute()]
[System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
//TODO:注意这里因为我把类名改成了我自定义的，所以在TypeName这里需要声明Xml文档的节点名
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(typeName: "envelope")]
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlRootAttribute(Namespace = "", IsNullable = false)]
public partial class NewCityDataModel
{
private envelopeHeader headerField;
private envelopeResponse responseField;
/// <remarks/>
public envelopeHeader header
{
get
{
return this.headerField;
}
set
{
this.headerField = value;
}
}
/// <remarks/>
public envelopeResponse response
{
get
{
return this.responseField;
}
set
{
this.responseField = value;
}
}
}
/// <remarks/>
[System.SerializableAttribute()]
[System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType = true)]
public partial class envelopeHeader
{
private envelopeHeaderVersion versionField;
private ulong timestampField;
/// <remarks/>
public envelopeHeaderVersion version
{
get
{
return this.versionField;
}
set
{
this.versionField = value;
}
}
/// <remarks/>
public ulong timestamp
{
get
{
return this.timestampField;
}
set
{
this.timestampField = value;
}
}
}
/// <remarks/>
[System.SerializableAttribute()]
[System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType = true)]
public partial class envelopeHeaderVersion
{
private ushort portField;
private string hostField;
private string valueField;
/// <remarks/>
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlAttributeAttribute()]
public ushort port
{
get
{
return this.portField;
}
set
{
this.portField = value;
}
}
/// <remarks/>
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlAttributeAttribute()]
public string host
{
get
{
return this.hostField;
}
set
{
this.hostField = value;
}
}
/// <remarks/>
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTextAttribute()]
public string Value
{
get
{
return this.valueField;
}
set
{
this.valueField = value;
}
}
}
/// <remarks/>
[System.SerializableAttribute()]
[System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType = true)]
public partial class envelopeResponse
{
private envelopeResponseCity[] citiesField;
private string typeField;
private string productField;
/// <remarks/>
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlArrayItemAttribute("city", IsNullable = false)]
public envelopeResponseCity[] cities
{
get
{
return this.citiesField;
}
set
{
this.citiesField = value;
}
}
/// <remarks/>
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlAttributeAttribute()]
public string type
{
get
{
return this.typeField;
}
set
{
this.typeField = value;
}
}
/// <remarks/>
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlAttributeAttribute()]
public string product
{
get
{
return this.productField;
}
set
{
this.productField = value;
}
}
}
/// <remarks/>
[System.SerializableAttribute()]
[System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType = true)]
public partial class envelopeResponseCity
{
private envelopeResponseCityCode codeField;
private envelopeResponseCityCity_tax city_taxField;
private envelopeResponseCityName[] namesField;
/// <remarks/>
public envelopeResponseCityCode code
{
get
{
return this.codeField;
}
set
{
this.codeField = value;
}
}
/// <remarks/>
public envelopeResponseCityCity_tax city_tax
{
get
{
return this.city_taxField;
}
set
{
this.city_taxField = value;
}
}
/// <remarks/>
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlArrayItemAttribute("name", IsNullable = false)]
public envelopeResponseCityName[] names
{
get
{
return this.namesField;
}
set
{
this.namesField = value;
}
}
}
/// <remarks/>
[System.SerializableAttribute()]
[System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType = true)]
public partial class envelopeResponseCityCode
{
private string valueField;
/// <remarks/>
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlAttributeAttribute()]
public string value
{
get
{
return this.valueField;
}
set
{
this.valueField = value;
}
}
}
/// <remarks/>
[System.SerializableAttribute()]
[System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType = true)]
public partial class envelopeResponseCityCity_tax
{
private bool valueField;
/// <remarks/>
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlAttributeAttribute()]
public bool value
{
get
{
return this.valueField;
}
set
{
this.valueField = value;
}
}
}
/// <remarks/>
[System.SerializableAttribute()]
[System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType = true)]
public partial class envelopeResponseCityName
{
private string languageField;
private string valueField;
/// <remarks/>
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlAttributeAttribute()]
public string language
{
get
{
return this.languageField;
}
set
{
this.languageField = value;
}
}
/// <remarks/>
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlAttributeAttribute()]
public string value
{
get
{
return this.valueField;
}
set
{
this.valueField = value;
}
}
}
}验证两个Xml类是否能够反序列化成功
/// <summary>
/// 读取Xml文件内容反序列化为指定的对象
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filePath">Xml文件的位置（绝对路径）</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static T DeserializeFromXml<T>(string filePath)
{
try
{
if (!File.Exists(filePath))
throw new ArgumentNullException(filePath + " not Exists");
using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(filePath))
{
XmlSerializer xs = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
T ret = (T)xs.Deserialize(reader);
return ret;
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
return default(T);
}
}C# XML基础入门（XML文件内容增删改查清）
https://www.jb51.net/article/243168.htm
C#XmlHelper帮助类操作Xml文档的通用方法汇总
https://www.jb51.net/article/242389.htm
.NET中XML序列化和反序列化常用类和用来控制XML序列化的属性总结
https://www.jb51.net/article/243165.htm
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